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안형준(Hyoung Joon An),이세준(Sejun Lee),이민형(Min-hyung Lee),박현준(Hyun Jun Park),김종립 과학기술정책연구원 2021 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
Currently, it is on the verge of entering the space economy era due to technological innovation in the space sector and increased private capacity. Countries around the world are pursuing national strategies to cope with the reorganization of norms following changes in the space industry ecosystem. With these changes in the global environment in space, Korea is also expanding the participation of government ministries and institutions related to space utilization, centering on by the Ministry of Science and ICT. The goal of this study is to analyze the limitations of the current national space innovation system, including governance, government R&D, space industrialization, space security/defense, international cooperation for exploration and diplomacy, and so on. First, this study analyzes the process of Koreas space development system from a historical point of view. Korea began national space development with the enactment of the Aerospace Industry Promotion Act in the late 1980s. It accumulated technological capabilities in a relatively short time and established a national space development system centered on the National Space Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARI). This process is largely divided into three periods (recognition period, explorer, and chaser) along as establishment of the legal system, administrative system, and basic plan. Based on this institutional basis, Korea carried out national R&D program such as KOMPSAT and KSLV, and achieved desired results. Next, the study investigates the cases of space agencies about 40 countries round the world; major space powers such as the U.S., Europe, Japan, and India, as well as latecomers such as Australia, UAE, and Luxembourg. Finally, in order to establish a space agency to substantially solve the limitations of Koreas space development, the study suggest to review the administrative and institutional conditions comprehensively. It will help to establish a space agency that fits the current situation and context of Korea.
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뉴스페이스(New Space) 시대, 국내우주산업 현황 진단과 정책대응
안형준(Hyoung Joon An),박현준(Hyun Jun Park),이혁(Hyeok Lee),오승환(Seung Hwan Oh),김은정(Eun Jeong Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential of domestic space industry for preparing countermeasures to the global New Space wave. The Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) Announces the Third Master Plan for Promotion of Aerospace Development which includes the “Strategy for the Space Industry Cultivation and Space-Related Job Creation” to transform the space development to be led by the private sector and to lead to the promotion of the space industry and creation of space-related jobs. However, it is pointed out that the plan has no specific strategy for promoting the private space industry. This study pursues to provide a detailed strategy to promote New Space industry by three steps. The first step examines historical background and the technical drivers that triggered the New Space wave as well as its impact on the global value chain in the global aerospace ecosystem (Chapter 2). The second step diagnoses the possibility of boost up the New Space industry through a survey of entrepreneurs and an expert focus group interview (FGI) (Chapter 3). The third step is for micro analysis of domestic space industry in the three perspectives: spatial perspective(local distribution), ecosystem perspective(transaction structure), and competitive perspective(efficiency and productivity)(Chapter 4). In conclusion, based on the results of the three step analysis, this study suggests strategies using New Space industry as a leverage for promoting private space sector.
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국가난제 해결을 위한 과학기술 관점의 경제 · 사회 시스템 혁신전략 연구(2차년도) - 제1권: 총론 -
안형준(Hyoung Joon An),하태정(Tae Jeong Ha),양승우(Seongwoo Yang),이혁(Hyeok Lee),한웅규(Ungkyu Han),이혜진(Hyejin Lee),이다은(Daeun Lee),김태양(Taeyang Kim),진성만(Sungman Jin) 과학기술정책연구원 2020 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
The aim of this research, the second year of a STEPI"s five-year research project, is to propose policy measures for the existing wicked problems with a new approach in science and technology regarding the circumstances where society is becoming more complex. Initially, the term "wicked problem" ordinarily refers to a problem that is difficult to solve. Academically, it was proposed by several scholars in the 1970s. As defining the wicked problems and its characteristics, they do not focus on solving them but present sustainable measures within a manageable range. To develop their perspective, this research tries to diagnose the problems according to the characteristics of national wicked problems, such as the complexity of the problems, uncertainty, and persistence, and to propose a suitable solution. The fundamental viewpoint is that wicked problems continually evolve within the socio-technical system beyond repetitive resolution depending on the context and the current unilinear diagnosis and solution. We reviewed several cases acknowledged as national challenges in Korea from the 1960s-1970s to the 2000s to study the characteristics of the wicked problems. As a result, we found that the wicked problems continues to evolve and develop according to the life cycle. The problem becomes more manageable or more complicated depending on the political and social context, and that the parts of conflict resolution are critical to stake-holders. We learned that science and technology are sometimes used as an essential tool in resolving the conflict and sometimes create new problems and make them more complicated. Based on these findings, we decided to diagnose the problem by focusing on three primary characteristics: temporal persistence, actor complexity, and uncertainty of factual relationship, seeing them as essential characteristics of the wicked problems. These characteristics are linked to three methodologies: Wicked Problem Pathway, Wicked Problem Map, and Causal Feedback Loop for analyzing the cause of system fixation. We applied the diagnosis methods into three major wicked problem areas and sub-topics; military corruption and defense R&D, life and marine wastes, and decline in rural population and industry which were selected while operating the STEPI National Wicked Problems Forum & Defense Subcommittee, Regional Subcommittee, and Environment Subcommittee. Regarding the solution method, we chose the approach to derive a resolution for repetitive, convergent, and flexible policy responses instead of a unilinear and one-off solution. Based on these results, we applied a stratified analysis method to present solutions suitable for this direction and experts in each field and determine the policy priorities of the solutions while operating the STEPI Forum. As a result, it was possible to list the priorities of policy alternatives suggested by the three subcommittee. Through these efforts, STEPI National Wicked Problems Research Team is making efforts to provide new insights and propose new methods for solving the various challenges that the country must solve.
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혁신성과 제고를 위한 정부 R&D 제도 개선방안 - 제4권 민관협력 기반 성과 창출을 위한 R&D제도 개선방안: 우주개발 분야를 중심으로 -
안형준(Hyoung Joon An),손수정,강민지 과학기술정책연구원 2020 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
PPP(Public-Private Partnership) recently attracts attention as a major institutional means to promote scientific and technological innovation in terms of strengthening connectivity among entities in the national innovation system. This study aims to address institutional improvements in PPP as one of the new innovation strategies to maximize the performance of "innovation," which has been the ultimate goal of government R&D. The research question of this study is like following; what are the institutional measures to shift the perspective of PPP for R&D, which focuses on the spread of government R&D performance, to the maximization of innovation outcome based on co-creation between the public and the private? To answer the above question, Shin Eun-jung et al. (2019) examined the cases of PPP conducted by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute and NASA. The study concluded that the government should present a policy direction for mid- to long-term institutional support to boost private innovation capabilities and investment as a real partner of public innovation. As a follow-up study by Shin Eun-jung et al. (2019), this study aims to present specific institutional measures to "maximize outcomes of innovative PPP." For the sake of continuity of research, the cases of the domestic space sector, especially satellite development, are analyzed as examples of innovative PPP. The first chapter deals with the definition of innovative PPP and evaluation of innovation performance, to clarify the premise of this study, which views PPP as an institutional means for improving outcome of innovation; how PPP can increase innovation outcome to what extent and by what mechanisms. The next chapter analyzes several cases of PPP project in satellite sector of developed countries including Germany, Canada, France, and Japan, identifying benchmarking elements for national space programs in Korea. Subsequently, it will draw institutional limitations and obstacles to PPP in the satellite development in Korea through examining two cases of CAS500(Compact Advanced Satellite 500) and Small Constellation Satellites Project. Recently, the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT has been pushing ahead with the two projects which are mainly planned and conducted by private companies in order to switch from the state to a private-led space development system. In conclusion, specific strategies to enhance innovative outcome in the space sector (satellite) are presented based on the perspective of Co-creation, which emphasizes the need for the ability to form cooperative relationships in the public-private sector and the ability to conduct joint research and projects. This research is expected to be utilized to maximize the mid- to long-term effects of accumulating, linking, and integrating through PPP activities beyond the technology-oriented approach or brokerage capabilities emphasized by industry-academic cooperation or technology transfer.
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국방과학기술 역량 제고를 위한 정부연구개발 연계 및 활용 방안
안형준(Hyoung Joon An),김태양(Taeyang Kim),하태정(Tae Jeong Ha),김인호(Inho Kim),유형곤(Hyoung Gon Ryu),장원준,백동현,박영욱,박준수,김인익 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
This study aims to suggest policy alternatives to strengthen the links between defense R&D and government R&D for national security and defense industry development. South Korea started its defense R&D in earnest with the establishment of the Agency for Defense Development in 1970, and it has maintained the government"s R&D and the defense R&D system, which is effectively divided into two parts. As the industry and academia participated in the defense R&D increasingly since the mid-1990s, the civilian-military joint R&D projects were launched to ease the gap between the two systems, as well as the related promotion laws have been revised several times. However, it has been pointed out that such efforts have limitations in strengthening the link between the two different systems. To overcome these limitations, this study argues that (1) we need to understand the fundamental differences between the two systems from the perspective of the "Innovation System," which stress the interaction between the actors and networks, infrastructure, and governance surrounding them. In this regard, (2) the study identifies the barriers preventing the linkage between the current defense R&D and the government R&D system according to the whole defense R&D process; policy establishment, Planning, Budget and Management, Evaluation, Utilization, and Infrastructure. (3) In order to show these barriers appear in a R&D project, it examines the High-Altitude Long-Endurance UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) project performed as a civil-military cooperative project from 2013-2017. (4) In addition, it derives several benchmarking elements from the case study of civilian-military R&D programs of the United States, United Kingdom and Israel, where are known for active spin-on/off between defense R&D and government R&D. (5) Based on these results, it presents realistic policy alternatives under several R&D system models for improving the linkage between government and defense R&D systems. Hopefully, the results of this study contributes to the establishment of a full-cycle cooperative system between the government and the defense R&D to maximize mutual synergy.
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안형준(Hyoung Joon An),류형곤(Hyoung Gon Ryu),김태양(Tae Yang Kim) 한국항공우주학회 2018 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.11
본 연구는 국방 R&D 효율성 제고하기 위해 국방 R&D와 정부 R&D의 실천적인 연계 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 현재 사실상 단절되어 있는 국방 R&D와 정부 R&D 두 체계의 특성을 이해하고 그 바탕에서 R&D 전주기 연계 강화에 대한 방안을 마련하기 위해 국방혁신시스템(DIS: Defense Innovation System)의 이론틀을 도입한다. 그리고 DIS의 구성요소 가운데 기획 및 예산에 초점을 맞추어, 최근 국가 R&D 투자 플랫폼으로 제시되고 있는 ‘패키지형 연구개발 투자플랫폼’(PIE: Platform for Investment & Evaluation)을 무인기 분야에 적용한다.
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