작업기억 강화 프로그램이 알츠하이머형 치매 환자의 단어 유창성과 문장이해력에 미치는 효과

안길만,최양규 한국심리협회 2013 심리행동연구 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구에서는 작업기억 강화 프로그램을 적용하여 알츠하이머 치매 환자의 단어유창성 과 문장이해력에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 대상자는 알츠하이머치매로 진단받은 70세 이 상의 노인 3명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 알츠하이머 치매 이외에 다른 질병에 대한 병 력이 없고 임상적 치매평가 척도가 1인 환자로 제한하였다. 실험 절차는 ABA설계를 사용 하였고, 중재평가는 5회기마다 실시하였다. 중재 프로그램은 청각적 단어회상, 단어기억 회 상, 범주적 단어 회상의 3단계로 구성하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 작업기억 강화 프로그램이 알츠하이머 치매 환자의 단어유창성을 향상시켰다. 둘째, 작업기억 강화 프로그램이 알츠하이머 치매 환자의 문장이해력을 향상시켰다. 이상의 결과로 작업기억 강 화프로그램은 처리와 저장의 상호작용에 대한 용량을 강화하여 작업기억 기능의 활성화로 단어유창성과 문장이해력 향상에 효과적이라 할 수 있었다. The purpose ofthis was the effect of working enhancement memory program on Word fluency and Sentence comprehension in Dementia of Alzheimer's type patients. Subjects were 3 older adults over 70 who were diagnosed with Alzheimer. Subjects were limited the people who had nomedical history to her than Dementia of Alzheimer's type and clinical dementia rating scale of 1. ABA Design used to for experimental procedure, and intervention assessment was conducted for five sessions. Intervention program was consisted of3 steps as auditory word recall, word recall and recall of categorical word. The results of this study are as follows; First, working memory enhancement program was improved Word fluency of Dementia of Alzheimer's type patients. Second, working memory enhancement program was improved Sentence comprehension of Dementia of Alzheimer's type patients. Based on the above results, working memory enhancement program was effective in Word fluency and Sentence comprehension as Working memory revitalization, enhancing Processing and Interaction of storage for capacity.

집합주거 단지내의 어린이놀이터 활성화 방안에 관한 연구 : 놀이시설물의 색채 및 선호도를 중심으로 Special Consideration of the Color and Preference of the Playground Facilities

안길만,김진선 淸州大學校 都市·地域開發硏究所 1999 都市·地域開發硏究 Vol.7 No.-

Presently, playground is not able to attract the children's interest. Therefore playground becomes less popular place for children. Since it was suggest that children responded more sensitive to the color compared to the form, we investigated the color of playground facilities and the children's color preference for playground facilities. The results are following; 1. According to the previously published data, children like yellow the most, then yellow green, blue, and green the least. However, the survey showed that children liked the blue for play facilities the most, bluish green, yellow, and dark blue was the least. These results indicated that the color of play facilities, which children prefer, was differ from the color which they prefer. 2. The survey revealed that there were approximately 60 kinds of colors on play facilities in playground. Among them, red took up 30.4% of total colors, green 27.1%, yellow 23.5%, these three colors took up more than 80% and used in the most of play facilities. 3. In terms of color preference, there was no significant statistical difference between sex. However, We could find significant difference about color preference between lower grade students and upper grade ones. It showed that lower grades children liked yellow, bluish green, yellowish green, purple. However, upper grade children liked scarlet, green, blue, dark blue, purplish red.

놀이시설물의 개선에 관한 기초적 연구

안길만,김진선 淸州大學校 都市·地域開發硏究所 2000 都市·地域開發硏究 Vol.8 No.2

The children's playgrounds are the places where children can improve their health and keep it in good shape. Play in the childhood can stimulate their emotions, help them improve their emotional ability and accelerate their intellectual desires, sociability. In the respect, the playgrounds are very important in conjunction to the children's physical and mental growth. But these places are not widely utilized because they cannot meet the children's curiosity and interests. Therefore the purpose oh this study provides basic data based on the survey of the kinds of the facilities and color to solve the problem of the present facilities, to build new facilities, which can satisfy children's interests. We also checked out the surface temperatures of the materials used to make facilities and the risk of it's users to find appropriate materials. According to the results, we found out that there were 19 types of different facilities in total 24 playgrounds. The most often found facilities are seesaw, swing, slides, mixed play lot, merry-go-round, iron bar and jungle gym. The above mentioned seven things consist of 71.49 percent of facilities. Children get bored so easily that we need to diversify the kinds of facilities to meet children's desire to experience various things. The survey revealed that there were approximately 60 kinds of colors on play facilities in playground. Among them, red took up 30.4 percent of total colors, green 27.1percent, yellow 23.5percent, these three colors took up more than 80percent and used in the most of facilities. Although most of play facilities were red, children disliked red color. Base on this result, we could suggest that using red colors to play facilities was inappropriate. We also found that children liked blue the most, but blue was rarely used in play facilities. The highest surface temperature of facilities surveyed is rubber, carbon iron plate, stainless steel, woods, iron bar and concrete. The rubber and the used tires are mainly used for making the saddles of swings. The surface temperature of the saddles which directly contact to the children's skin is highest. Children can easily feel hot when they slip on the slide made of carbon iron plate. On this respect, we need to introduce new materials for facilities.

하절기 크리핑 벤트그래스의 품종별 특성비교

태현숙,이형석,안길만,김종보,Tae, Hyun-Sook,Lee, Hyung-Seok,An, Kil-Man,Kim, Jong-Bo 한국잔디학회 2006 한국잔디학회지 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 하절기 크리핑 벤트그래스의 품종별 생육특성을 파악하고자 수행하였다. 하절기에 품질이 가장 나빴던 품종은 Penncross 였으며 가장 좋았던 품종은 Pen A-4와 Crenshaw 였다. Putter의 경우 하절기에도 품질의 변화가 크지 않아 조사기간 내내 고른 품질을 유지한 품종으로 평가되었다. 하절기에도 엽록소 함량이 우수한 품종은 Crenshaw, L-93과 Pem A-4였으며, 가장 낮았던 품종은 Penncross이고 SR1020도 상당히 낮은 그룹에 속하였다. 시비 후 엽록소 함량이 가장 많이 증가하는 품종은 Putter였다. 최고온기인 8월 초에 $1cm^2$ 단위면적당 밀도가 가장 높은 품종은 L-93으로 19.3개이었고 그 다음은 Crenshaw, Pen A-4, Putter, Dominant, SR1020, Penncross 순으로 나타났다. 가장 낮았던 Penncross의 밀도는 15.7 개였다. 뿌리생육이 가장 좋았던 품종은 L-93으로 하절기에도 평균 5.5cm이상을 유지하는 것으로 나타났으며 Pen A-4와 Putter의 뿌리생육도 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 SR1020, Penncross, Dominant품종은 하절기에 뿌리생육이 급격히 감소하였다. 실험 기간 동안 가장 문제가 되었던 잔디병은 브라운 패취였으며 Penncross를 제외한 모든 품종에서 Brown patch가 발생되었다. Dominant가 가장 많았고 Putter, L-93, Crenshaw, SR1020, Penn A-4 순으로 나타났다. 하절기조류 피해가 가장 적은 품종은 Penn A-4였으며, Dominant가 가장 심한 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통해, 하절기 생육이 가장 우수하였던 품종은 Crenshaw, Penn A-4, L-93 이었으며 가장 불량하였던 품종은 Penncross 였다. 하지만, 이는 조성 1년차 그린에서 나타난 결과이므로, 앞으로 시간이 경과함에 따라 나타나는 다양한 품종의 특성에 대한 종합적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되었다. This study was initiated to evaluate the growth characteristics of seven creeping bentgrass cultivars in summer, 'Penncross' showed the worst visual quality, whereas 'Penn A-4' and 'Crenshaw' the best quality. 'Putter', which was maintained a fair quality during the test period, was regarded as a good cultivar because of no significant variation in summer as compared to the other caltivars. 'Crenshaw',' L-93' and 'Penn A-4' were greater in chlorophyll content and 'Penncross' lowest during the summer. Also, 'SR1020' had a low content of chlorophyll. 'Putter' greatly increased in chlorophyll content after fertilization. The highest shoot density($19.3/cm^2$) was found with 'L-93' in early August, followed by 'Crenshaw', 'Penn A-4', 'Putter', 'Dominant', and 'SR1020' in that order. However, 'Penncross' was lowest($15.7/cm^2$). As for a root length, 'L-93' was longest, being over an average 5.5cm. 'Penn A-4' and 'Putter' also showed good result in root growth. However, the root length considerably decreased with 'SR1020', 'Penncross' and 'Dominant' in summer. Brown patch was a serious disease for the most cultivars, except 'Penncross'. 'Dominant' had the most serious damage. 'Putter', 'L-93', 'Crenshaw', 'SR1020', and 'Penn A-4' were also greater in damage over the others. In regards of algae occurrence in summer, 'Penn A-4' had the least damage, while 'Dominant' the greatest. In conclusion, 'Crenshaw', 'Penn A-4' and 'L-93' were the best cultivars in terms of summer growth. Conversely, 'Penncross' was the poorest one. However, this study was conducted under the conditions of one-year old green. Accordingly, in-depth experiment should be done over several years to elucidate the characteristics of growth for the wide range of creeping bentgrass cultivars during the summer.

생장조절제 처리가 bentgrass 생육과 토양 수분이동에 미치는 영향

태현숙,고석구,안길만 한국잔디학회 2000 한국잔디학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate an efficiency of plant growth regulator trinexapacethy(Primo) on the growth response of bentgrass and the change to soil water content in bentgrass green. Based on the results of the study, the following results were observed. 1. During four weeks after treatment, the visual color and turfgrass density of all the treated plots with trinexapac-ethyl(Primo) were more improved rather than without. Two treatments trinexapac-ethyl /$0.02mL\m^2$ and $0.04mL/\m^2$ were more favorable than other treatments. 2. It suggested that optimum rate to reduce the bentgrass growth and to increase the turfgrass density was the trinexapac-ethyl $0.04mL/\m^2$. 3. For six weeks after treatment, all treated plots were not significantly different (P<0.05) in turfgrass root length and root dry weitht. 4. In the treated plots with trinexapac-ethyl $0.04mL/\m^2$ for 25days in bentgrass green, soil water consumption was approximately 35% to 40% compare to the non-treated control.

생장조절제 처리가 bentgrass 생육과 토양 수분이동에 미치는 영향 ( Effect of Trinexapac-ethyl on the growth and changes of soil water content in bentgrass green )

태현숙,고석구,안길만 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2000 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.14 No.1

옥상 잔디녹화시 Heating system의 효과

고석구,신홍균,태현숙,김용선,안길만 한국잔디학회 2009 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.23 No.2

This study was carried out to utilize the waste heat from office building for turfgrass culture on a roof garden. Heating system had been installed in the middle of soil profile on the turf areas in the garden plots. The results showed that the installation of heating system increased the shoot density, turfgrass quality, coverage rate, and root length compared with the control plots. The surface temperature of heating plots reached at 10.9℃ when the control plot showed 0℃, however, the soil moisture content was decreased 1.9% by the heating system. When the height of the snow accumulation reached over a 15cm, the it took only 4 days to melt out completely, while the height did not changed those period at the control plots. When the water temperature in boiler increased to 60℃ from a proper temperature of 55℃ in turf growth, the desiccation from leaf tip was started to occur caused by drought stress. More detail research should be followed in stress physiology in turf management in roof garden operation. 빌딩에서 발생하는 폐열을 활용할 목적으로 동절기 옥상정원에서 푸른 잔디를 유지하기 위한 잔디생육시험을 실시하였다. 옥상정원 지 반에 Heating system을 설치하여 시기별 잔 디생육상태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 겨울철 옥상녹화 지반을 heating처리한 결 과, 무처리구에 비해 잔디품질 및 피복률이 우 수하였으며, 잔디의 뿌리길이, 잔디밀도가 모 두 상승하였다. 표면온도를 비교한 결과, heating지반의 온도는 평균 10.9℃로 0℃를 유지하였던 무처리 지반에 비해 월등히 높았 으나, 수분함량은 평균 1.9% 낮아진 것은 10.9℃로 유지된 지온으로 인해 수분증발이 계속 이루지는 것으로 사료되었다.적설량이 15cm 이상 쌓인 상황에서, 히팅 시스템이 설 치된 잔디밭에서는 4일만 눈이 완전히 녹았으 나 대조구에서는 적설량의 변화가 거의 없었 다. Heating system의 보일러 수온을 55℃ 에서 60℃로 높이자, 잔디는 건조 스트레스를 받아 잎끝이 마르는 증상이 나타났다. 앞으로 옥상정원에서의 잔디 재배과 관계된 세부적인 생리적 스트레스에 관한 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

어린이놀이터 놀이시설물의 색채 선호도에 관한 연구

유상완(Yoo, Sang-Wan),안길만(An, Kil-Man),김진선(Kim, Jin-Seon) 한국색채학회 1999 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

옥상 잔디녹화시 Heating system의 효과

고석구,신홍균,태현숙,김용선,안길만,Koh, Seuk-Koo,Shin, Hong-Kyun,Tae, Hyun-Sook,Kim, Yong-Seon,Ahn, Gil-Man 한국잔디학회 2009 한국잔디학회지 Vol.23 No.2

빌딩에서 발생하는 폐열을 활용할 목적으로 동절기 옥상정원에서 푸른 잔디를 유지하기 위한 잔디생육시험을 실시하였다. 옥상정원 지반에 Heating system을 설치하여 시기별 잔디생육상태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 겨울철 옥상녹화 지반을 heating처리한 결과, 무처리구에 비해 잔디품질 및 피복률이 우수하였으며, 잔디의 뿌리길이, 잔디밀도가 모두 상승하였다. 표면온도를 비교한 결과, heating지반의 온도는 평균 $10.9^{\circ}C$로 $0^{\circ}C$를 유지하였던 무처리 지반에 비해 월등히 높았으나, 수분함량은 평균 1.9% 낮아진 것은 $10.9^{\circ}C$로 유지된 지온으로 인해 수분증발이 계속 이루지는 것으로 사료되었다. 적설량이 15cm 이상 쌓인 상황에서, 히팅 시스템이 설치된 잔디밭에서는 4일만 눈이 완전히 녹았으나 대조구에서는 적설량의 변화가 거의 없었다. Heating system의 보일러 수온을 $55^{\circ}C$에서 $60^{\circ}C$로 높이자, 잔디는 건조 스트레스를 받아 잎끝이 마르는 증상이 나타났다. 앞으로 옥상정원에서의 잔디 재배과 관계된 세부적인 생리적 스트레스에 관한 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. This study was carried out to utilize the waste heat from office building for turfgrass culture on a roof garden. Heating system had been installed in the middle of soil profile on the turf areas in the garden plots. The results showed that the installation of heating system increased the shoot density, turfgrass quality, coverage rate, and root length compared with the control plots. The surface temperature of heating plots reached at $10.9^{\circ}C$ when the control plot showed $0^{\circ}C$, however, the soil moisture content was decreased 1.9% by the heating system. When the height of the snow accumulation reached over a 15cm, the it took only 4 days to melt out completely, while the height did not changed those period at the control plots. When the water temperature in boiler increased to $60^{\circ}C$ from a proper temperature of $55^{\circ}C$ in turf growth, the desiccation from leaf tip was started to occur caused by drought stress. More detail research should be followed in stress physiology in turf management in roof garden operation.

하절기 크리핑 벤트그래스의 품종별 특성비교

태현숙(Hyun-Sook Tae),이형석(Hyung-Seok Lee),안길만(Kil-Man An),김종보(Jong-Bo Kim) 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2006 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 하절기 크리핑 벤트그래스의 품종별 생육특성을 파악하고자 수행하였다. 하절기에 품질이 가장 나빴던 품종은 Penncross였으며 가장 좋았던 품종은 Penn A-4와 Crenshaw 였다. Putter의 경우 하절기에도 품질의 변화가 크지 않아 조사기간 내내 고른 품질을 유지한 품종으로 평가되었다. 하절기에도 엽록소 함량이 우수한 품종은 Crenshaw, L-93과 Penn A-4였으며, 가장 낮았던 품종은 Penncross이고 SR1020도 상당히 낮은 그룹에 속하였다. 시비 후 엽록소 함량이 가장 많이 증가하는 품종은 Putter였다. 최고온기인 8월 초에 1㎠ 단위면적당 밀도가 가장 높은 품종은 L-93으로 19.3개이었고 그 다음은 Crenshaw, Penn A-4, Putter, Dominant, SR1020, Penncross 순으로 나타났다. 가장 낮았던 Penncross의 밀도는 15.7개였다. 뿌리생육이 가장 좋았던 품종은 L-93으로 하절기에도 평균 5.5cm이상을 유지하는 것으로 나타났으며 Penn A-4와 Putter의 뿌리생육도 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 SR1020, Penncross, Dominant품종은 하절기에 뿌리생육이 급격히 감소하였다. 실험 기간 동안 가장 문제가 되었던 잔디병은 브라운 패취였으며 Penncross를 제외한 모든 품종에서 Brown patch가 발생되었다. Dominant가 가장 많았고 Putter, L-93, Crenshaw, SR1020, Penn A-4 순으로 나타났다. 하절기 조류 피해가 가장 적은 품종은 Penn A-4였으며, Dominant가 가장 심한 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통해, 하절기 생육이 가장 우수하였던 품종은 Crenshaw, Penn A-4, L-93이었으며 가장 불량하였던 품종은 Penncross였다. 하지만, 이는 조성 1년차 그린에서 나타난 결과이므로, 앞으로 시간이 경과함에 따라 나타나는 다양한 품종의 특성에 대한 종합적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되었다. This study was initiated to evaluate the growth characteristics of seven creeping bentgrass cultivars in summer. ‘Penncross’ showed the worst visual quality, whereas ‘Penn A-4’ and ‘Crenshaw’ the best quality. ‘Putter’, which was maintained a fair quality during the test period, was regarded as a good cultivar because of no significant variation in summer as compared to the other caltivars. ‘Crenshaw’, ‘L-93’ and ‘Penn A-4’ were greater in chlorophyll content and ‘Penncross’ lowest during the summer. Also, ‘SR1020’ had a low content of chlorophyll. ‘Putter’ greatly increased in chlorophyll content after fertilization. The highest shoot density(19.3/㎠) was found with ‘L-93’ in early August, followed by ‘Crenshaw’, ‘Penn A-4’, ‘Putter’, ‘Dominant’, and ‘SR1020’ in that order. However, ‘Penncross’ was lowest(15.7/㎠). As for a root length, ‘L-93’ was longest, being over an average 5.5㎝. ‘Penn A-4’ and ‘Putter’ also showed good result in root growth. However, the root length considerably decreased with ‘SR1020’, ‘Penncross’ and ‘Dominant’ in summer. Brown patch was a serious disease for the most cultivars, except ‘Penncross’. ‘Dominant’ had the most serious damage. ‘Putter’, ‘L-93’, ‘Crenshaw’, ‘SR1020’, and ‘Penn A-4’ were also greater in damage over the others. In regards of algae occurrence in summer, ‘Penn A-4’ had the least damage, while ‘Dominant' the greatest. In conclusion, ‘Crenshaw', ‘Penn A-4’ and ‘L-93’ were the best cultivars in terms of summer growth. Conversely, ‘Penncross’ was the poorest one. However, this study was conducted under the conditions of one-year old green. Accordingly, in-depth experiment should be done over several years to elucidate the characteristics of growth for the wide range of creeping bentgrass cultivars during the summer.