인삼에 있어 단경 및 다경개체의 잠아형태별 수량 및 홍삼 품질 비교

정찬문(Chan-moon Chung),신주식(Ju-Sik Shin),정열영(Youl-Young Chung) 고려인삼학회 2006 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.30 No.3

인삼에 있어 다경 및 잠아 발생형태가 원료삼 및 홍삼 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 지하부 특성 및 품질요인을 조사하였다. 단경개체는 1-3개의 잠아를 갖는 형태이고 2경개체는 2-3개 그리고 3경개체는 3개의 잠아를 갖는 형태이었다. 또한 단경개체는 62.9% 그리고 2경 이상의 다경개체는 37.1%의 분포를 나타냈다. 원료삼의 등급은 단경개체에 비하여 다경개체가 될 수록 저하하였고 단경개체와 다경개체 모두 잠아수가 많은 개체에서 등급이 낮았다. 경수에 따른 홍삼수율은 대체로 30% 내외로 단경이나 다경개체간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 본삼수율은 다경개체로 갈수록 감소하는 경향이었다. 홍삼 등급은 다경개체에 비해 단경개체가 양호하였으며 다경개체는 양삼과 잡삼이 많았다. 그리고 잠아수가 많을수록 홍삼등급은 저하하였다. This study was carried out to study the effect of emergence type of multiple stem and main bud on the quality of fresh and red ginseng in Korean ginseng. To achieve the aim of this study, characteristics of roots and quality factors were investigated. Single stem plants were 62.9% of the total samples, and the remainder(37.1%) were multiple stem plants. The number of stems affected considerably on root weight. Root weight of triple stem type with triple main bud was the largest among the types. As the number of stem per plant increased, the root quality became worse. In both single and multiple stem, the more the number of main buds was, the lower the quality grade was. Yield of the red ginseng was about 30%, showing little difference between single stem and multiple stem plant. As the number of stem increased, yield of Bonsam decreased. The quality grade of red ginseng of single stem was better than that of multiple stem. Multiple stem plant produced relatively more Yangsam and Japsam. As the number of main bud increased, the quality grade of ginseng decreased.

원형복원에 의한 홍삼의 연근 판별

장세영(Se-Young Jang),신주식(Ju-Sik Shin),석영선(Young-Seon Seok),한윤경(Yun-Kyung Han),정찬문(Chan-Moon Chung) 고려인삼학회 2006 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.30 No.3

홍삼을 습점 또는 수침처리하여 원형을 복원한 후 경흔적 기산법과 나이테염색법을 이용하여 연근을 판별하였다. 경흔적 기산법은 뇌두를 50℃에서 3일간 침지하여 뇌두의 뿌리 조직을 제거하면 줄기 조직만 남게 되어 연근판별의 정확도를 기할 수 있었다. 나이테 염색법은 홍삼 절편을 만들어 기존의 safranine에 의한 나이테 염색을 시도하였으나 나이테가 염색되지 않아 연근 판별이 불가능하였다. 한편 기계건조법은 홍삼 절편을 습점 처리하여 나이테를 건조시키던가 아니면 홍삼절편을 수침 처리하여 홍삼색소를 제거한 후 건조시키면 나이테가 선명하게 들어나 연근판별이 가능하였다. This study was carried out to identify the age of red ginseng using the stem vestige counting methods and annual ring staining method. The samples were soaked, humidified, and restored before identifying the age. Root tissue was removed from rhizome after soaking treatment in 50℃ water for three days. It was found to be useful for precise identification of age. Safranine staining for counting the annual ring in sliced ginseng was not useful due to the poor staining. However, annual ring was clearly revealed whenr humidified sliced ginseng or soaked sliced ginseng were dried mechanically. These two method was useful to identify the age of red ginseng.

황색종 NC82와 KFl14의 건조단계별 정유성분의 변화

홍열,임흥빈,석영선,신주식,김종열,나도영,이학수,Hong, Yeol,Lim, Heung-Bin,Seok, Young-Sun,Shin, Ju-Sik,Kim, Jong-Yeol,Ra, Do-Young,Lee, Hak-Su 한국연초학회 2001 한국연초학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Essential oil in tobacco leaves influences the taste and aroma of cigarette smoke and is important to tobacco quality. This study was conducted to investigate the change in the level of essential oil components during flue-curing process of two flue-cured tobaccos, NC82 and KEl14. Flue-curing process was divided by six steps; harvest stage, the end of yellowing stage, the middle of color fixing stage, the end of color fixing stage, the middle of midrib drying stage, full-cured stage. NC82 in each stage contained 0.28%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.40% and 0.42% essential oil, respectively, and KF114 were 0.29%, 0.31%, 0.34%, 0.36%, 0.39% and 0.41%, respectively. Almost all hydrocarbons on the basis of relative peak area were gradually increased in two varieties with curing, neophytadiene content in them was highest at the full-cured stage. Most of alcohols and esters with curing showed a declining trend, but benzyl alcohol was increased in two tobaccos. Ketones were largely increased at the midrib drying stage during the curing process, especially, the most largely increasing constituent was $\beta$-damascenone among them. The content of 2-butylterahydrofuran, heterocyclic compounds, was largely increased at tile color fixing stage. There was no considerable difference between NC82 and KFl14 at the GC profile of essential oil and the pattern of each components during flue-curing process.

Expansin 유전자를 이용한 담배의 형질전환

최동수,김호방,김정회,신주식,석영선,정찬문,이이,Choi Dongsu,Kim Ho-Bang,Kim Jeong-Hoe,Shin Ju-Sik,Seok Yeong-Seon,Chung Chan-Moon,Lee Yi 한국연초학회 2005 한국연초학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells were transformed with rice expansin genes, OsEXPA4, OsEXPB3, OsEXPB4, and OsEXPB6, to elucidate the function of the genes in tobacco cells. The transformation increased the mass of the callus by $36\%-65 \%$, and the cell length by $12\%-28\%$. The cell width was decreased by $3\%$ for OsEXPB3, not changed for OsEXPB4, increased by $25\%\;and\;20\%$ for OsEXPA4 and OsEXPB6, respectively. From database search, seven expansin genes were found and six of them belong to EXPA group and one of them belongs to EXPB group. EXLA and EXLB were not found. All tobacco expansin genes were evenly distributed in the phylogenetic tree of rice and Arabidopsis expansin genes.

氣象環境이 잎담배 生産에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

鄭泰益(Tae Ik Chung),鄭元采(Won Chae Chung),申周植(Ju Sik Shin) 한국기상학회 1980 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.16 No.1

栽植密度 및 型式의 相異가 잎담배 收量構成要素 變異에 미치는 影響

申周植,盧載榮 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1976 煙草硏究 Vol.3 No.1

The main purpose of this research was how the plant spacings and types of row had effects on yields and yield constitutional elements of leaf tobacco Hicks. This experiment was carried out in 1972 and 1973. The results obtained are as follows: 1.There were little effects on fertilizer increased which were supplied 30% of fertilizer additionally. 2.In case of low plant density, weight of unit leaf area and weight of a leaf were significantly heartier than those weight at high density. 3.There were little effects of treatments on the leaf weight per a plant and percentage of dry matter. 4.Studying the difference of leaf position, there were obvious difference on the yield constitutional elements. And there were some variations of the effects on the leaf position between the two years, 1972 and 1973. 5.According to climate condition between 1972 and 1973, remarkable differences among treatments are shown. In 1973, the condition of climate for the tobacco plant is better than that of 1972, the variation differences of some characteristics for the yields constitutional elements were small. 6.For the practical purpose, some of the plant spacings and types of row in this experiment may be used for flue-cured tobacco culture.

왕겨燻炭을 利用한 담배 育苗에 관한 硏究 : II.育苗폿트의 크기와 硬化處理가 苗의 生育 및 素質에 미치는 影響

申周植,盧載榮 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1993 煙草硏究 Vol.14 No.-

1.Growing characters(stem height, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, weight of top and roots) were larger in the seedlings grown in large cell than in small cell. 2.Most of growing characters investigated were smaller in 20-day period hardening(hardening from directly after setting) than in the shorter period of hardening. There were little differences of growing characters of seedlings among 15-, 10- and 5-day hardening treatments. 3.In large size cells, hardening period had effects on the Root/Shoot ratio, but in small size cells, had little effects. 4.In large size cells, seedling quality was good in hardening from directly after setting. But in small size cells, hardening from several days after setting gave good seedling quality.

담배 個體群의 生態學的 硏究(II) : 單位面積當 葉數 및 L.A.I.의 影響 Effects of Number of Leaves per Unit Area and L.A.I.

申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1976 煙草硏究 Vol.3 No.1

This experiment was performed to investigate the variation of L.A.I. and some characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Hicks) according to increasing number of leaves per 10a. The results obtained are as follows. 1.By increasing plant density, the leaves had narrow width and leaf shape index (leaf width/leaf length × 100) became small. 2.The more the number of leaves per unit area were, the more the L.A.I. and yield, and the lesser the relative light requirement and weight of unit leaf area were. 3.There were significantly negative correlation between L,A.I. and relative light requirement weight of unit leaf area, percentage of dry matter and weight of a leaf, and was positive correlation between L.A.I. and yields. 4.In case of the same number of leaves per 10a (but not the same plant density), relative light requirement and weight of unit leaf area of upper and lower leaves were decreased at the plot of lower plant density and many loaves per a plant, if the number of leaves per 10a was 33,600 or less. While, those were decreased at the plot of high plant density and less leaves per a plant, if the number was 38,400 or more. But those of middle leaves became lowered by increasing plant density. 5.Further studies will be performed to make clear the effect of methods and time of controlling the number of leaves per unit area on the characteristics of tobacco.

담배個體群의 生態學的 硏究 : 第四報: 栽植密度, 移植時期, 施肥量 및 葉數가 담배 個體群內 光環境 및 收量構成要素 變異에 미치는 影響 IV. Effects of plant density, transplanting time, fertilization level and number leaves on the light condition in the tobacco population and yield constitutional element

申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1979 煙草硏究 Vol.6 No.-

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of plant density, transplanting time, fertilization level and number of leaves per plant and per unit area on the light condition in the tobacco population and yield constitutional elements. The results were summarized as follows. 1.In the case of high plant density, leaf area and weight per a plant decreased, while yield and LAI increased. 2.Area and weight of the upper leaves increased by early transplanting, but leaf area and weight per a plant showed little differences at different transplanting time. 3.Leaf area and weight per a plant was small in the plot of decreased level of fertilization. 4.As the number of leaves per plant decreased, leaf area and weight of the upper leaves increased, while those per plant decreased. 5.Yield and LAI increased with the number of leaves per unit area. Reciprocally comparing the plots holding the same number of loaves per unit area, leaf area and weight of a leaf and weight per unit leaf area of the middle leaves were small in the case of high density, but LAI and yield showed little differences among the plots of different plant density and number of loaves per plant. 6.The wider the leaf area of the upper leaf layer was, the lower the relative light intensity in the tobacco population. The leaf area of the upper leaf layer increased in the case of high density and early transplanting. Number of leaves per a plant had little effects on the leaf area of the upper leaf layer. 7.The harmonized production of tobacco in yield as well as quality can be possibly achieved by increasing the number of leaves per plant rather than by increasing plant density.

발아율 향상을 위한 종자처리 중 담배 종자의 지방산 변화

신주식,김영신 충북대학교 연초연구소 2006 煙草硏究 Vol.20 No.-

본 연구에서는 발아력 향상을 위해 담배품종 Nicotiana tabacum cv. KF109와 cv. KB108 종자에 종자전처리방법 중 하나인 solid matrix priming (SMP)처리를 하여 전처리 효과를 알아보고 전처리과정 중 담배종자 발아시 에너지원으로 사용되는 지방산의 함량 변화를 조사한 결과 아래와 같다. 1. 발아시험결과 전처리에 의한 처리간 발아율 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 발아세, T50은 KF109의 경우 9일처리, KB108의 경우 7일처리에서 가장 높았다. 2. 종자내 지방산을 분석한 결과 처리기간동안 함량의 변화가 큰 지방산의 종류는 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid+elaidic acid, linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid, α-linole nic acid였다. 3. 지방산 종류에 따라 다소 차이가 있으나 각 지방산의 함량은 KF109의 경우 8일 또는 9일에서, KB108의 경우 6일 또는 7일까지 증가하였다가 이후 감소하였다. 4. 특히 지방산 중 oleic acid+elaidic acid와 linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid 함량의 변화가 가장 컸으며 다른 지방산에 비하여 함량도 높았는데 KF109와 KB108 품종의 경우 8일과 6일처리까지 각각 증가하여 최고에 이른 후 급격히 감소하는 결과를 보여 종자전처리 진행과정을 확인하는 데에 이용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. We studied the effect of SMP(solid matrix priming) treatment, a pretreatment for germination enhancement, to tobacco seeds by measuring of germination rate and fatty acid, energy source for tobacco germination. The results were as follows. In result of germination test, germinative ability was the highest in KF109 at nine day treatment and in KB108 at seven day treatment. The composition of fatty acid in tobacco seed confirmed by gas chromatography were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid+elaidic acid, linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid, and a-linolenic acid. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and elaidic acid, and linoleic acid and linolelaidic acid were highest in KF109 at eight or nine day treatment and in KB108 at six or seven day treatment. Especially, content of oleic acid + elaidic acid, and linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid were changed largely by treatment, so these might be used for index to examine treatment effect.