문화원형으로서『西游記』의 특징과 현대적인 수용양상 - 중국을 중심으로

송정화 문화예술콘텐츠학회 2015 콘텐츠 문화 Vol.7 No.-

본고는 문화원형으로서 『西游記』의 특징과 현대적인 수용양상을 살펴봄으로써 콘텐 츠로서의 가치를 이해하고 이후 활용방법을 모색하기 위한 기초 작업으로서 구성되었다. 소설 『西游記』는 중국의 신화적인 상상의 세계를 문학적으로 구현했을 뿐 아니라, 위 계질서를 전복하는 거침없는 반항 정신을 표현했으며, 인간의 食, 色, 永生에 대한 원초 적인 욕망을 통쾌하게 폭로함으로써 오늘날 중국뿐 아니라 전세계인들의 보편적인 감성 을 울리는 콘텐츠로서의 위상을 확고히 하고 있다. 또한 『西游記』는 오늘날 중국 대중 문화에서 TV드라마, 영화, 출판물, 인터넷문학 등으로 지속적으로 재창조되고 있으며 여 전히 대중들의 공감 속에서 높은 흥행수익을 올리고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 문화원형으 로서 『西游記』의 가치와 수용양상을 살펴보는 것은 단지 『西游記』에 대한 연구에 그 치는 것이 아니라 다른 고전명저들의 현대적인 수용과 재창조로의 다양한 통로를 모색 하기 위한 하나의 초석이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. It is the belief of the author that studying 『A Journey to the west』 as a cultural prototype and its contemporary acceptance aspects and studying its value and method of use as contents are very important. Novel 『A Journey to the west』 not only embodies the mythical and imagined world in China in a literature, but also expresses unrivaled resistance spirit overturning the hierarchy. In addition, it exposes the intrinsic desire of human such as food, sex and eternal life delightfully. In doing so, it has a firm status as contents that touch universal emotion of the global citizens as well as China. And, it is continued to be re-created in TV drama, film, publication and internet literature in a popular culture of China hitting box-office success with the compassion of the public. In this circumstance, studying the value and acceptance aspects of 『A Journey to the west』 as a cultural prototype can be a foundation not only for the study on 『A Journey to the west』 but also for the diverse routes of contemporary acceptance and re-creation of other class literatures.

Application of Simplified Curing Unit for the Extension of Storage Life and Improvement of Physicochemical Quality of Sweet Potatoes during Long-term Storage

송정화,김성겸,전창후 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2011 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.20 No.4

To evaluate the effect of curing treatment using a newly developed simplified curing unit (SCU)on the physicochemical quality of stored sweet potatoes was investigated for six months. The SCU consisting of a heater, an air circulation fan, exhaust fans, and a humidifying duct was installed in a cold storage room where the harvested sweet potatoes were stacked. During the six days of curing treatment, air temperature and relative humidity in the storage room were set at 32oC and 90%, respectively. Physical and chemical properties of sweet potatoes were measured at 1-month intervals from the first day of storage. McKinney index showing the incidence and severity of decay was 0.83% in the curing treatment, while that of untreated control was 5.08% over the same storing period. Firmness, soluble solids content, and dry matter content in the cured sweet potatoes were greater than those of untreated control. Moreover, the changes of skin color in uncured potatoes occurred rapidly than cured one which showed delay of skin discoloration during the long-term storage. Results suggest that the SCU treatment improves the physicochemical quality of stored sweet potatoes and extends their storability. Therefore, the SCU can be effectively used for curing treatment of sweet potatoes with a relatively low cost.

상상과 경험의 착종 공간 ― 《이역지(異域志)》의 지리관념을 중심으로

송정화 중국어문학회 2018 中國語文學誌 Vol.0 No.63

Yi yu zhi was written by Zhou Zhizhong who was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. It includes about 200 countries. Although there already was practical information about the foreign lands in the Ming Dynasty, Yi yu zhi still contains description of geographies from the imagination. This shows respect to the Chinese people’s traditional view of geography who succeeded classical literature for a long time. Also, Yi yu zhi did not record the scientific knowledge as-is, but as mythical knowledge as shown in Shan-hai jing. This type of narration increases the readers’ readability and evokes their interests. Yi yu zhi classifies and signifies various foreign countries based on the traditional idea of Hua Yi. The evidence is that Joseon and Japan that actively traded with China were at the beginning of the book. Also, another characteristic of Yi yu zhi is that the foreign lands are still represented by the image of savage and animals. Finally, Yi yu zhi reflects the circumstances of Zhongyuan in the late Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty compared to the previous journals and contained more records about Mongolia, West Asia, and Central Asia.

《서유기(西游記)》: 재구성된 이역(異域)

송정화 한국중문학회 2017 中國文學硏究 Vol.0 No.69

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and explore the characteristics of the descriptions of faraway lands depicted in the classic novel, Journey to the West, and pursue the meanings inherent in the narrative. First, the description of the faraway land in Journey to the West was investigated. In the book, the faraway land is a land of barbarians of lust and cannibalism, a land of insects and bugs, and in a relationship of humiliating lord and vassal and paying tributes. Such adverse representation of the faraway land in the novel is on the continuity the ancient and traditional Sinocentrism. Next, through the description of the faraway land, the paper focused on what the narrative wanted to accomplish at the time. In actuality, the faraway land in the book is not a record of an actual foreign land. By creating the space of ‘faraway land’ in the book, it wanted to undertake two objectives: one, criticize the social malevolence and corruption in the upper echelon in the Ming dynasty and expose the desperate lives of the groaning commoners. In the book, the kings, saints and monsters in the faraway lands are mostly foolish, incapable and evil; and two, correct the national discipline, which was trembled early in the foundation of the country and institute Sinocentrism to protect itself from Mongolia, Japan and Jurchen. Although, in the novel, Tang is praised as being 中華上邦[China as a higher country] and 天朝大國[China as a dynasty of heaven], however, it indicates the Ming dynasty when the book was written. In Journey to the West, Xuanzang is depicted as a true hero who travels the faraway lands and save the people from monsters and enlighten their barbaric ways with the Chinese civilization. The book is full of imagination and delightful humor and may be taken as a light and fun novel, but in fact, it is resplendent with multiple layers of criticism, satire and political ideology as well as the desire for Sinocentrism.

재주술화된 세계 - 영화 《捉妖記》의 신화적 특징에 대한 분석

宋貞和 한국중국소설학회 2016 中國小說論叢 Vol.49 No.-

The film Monster hunt (捉妖記) premiered in July 2015 achieved the 2nd box-office record ever in the Chinese film history and was ranked at the top among films premiered in 2015. With such success in mind, this study attempted to analyze success factors in terms of magical imagination in the first place and successful acceptance of the classic narrative into the contemporary popular culture in the second place. Most of all, this study tried to figure out the phenomenon that Monster hunt adopted ancient magical text like Shanhaijing (山海經) to the contemporary film from today's global philosophical trend. The contemporary society is the most developed digital media society in which the contemporary people use various kinds of new media living like a tribal members. Just as primitive people communicated with nature by magical participation, the contemporary people gather and scatter through media by their desires. What the contemporary people combine systematically is magical imagination. Monsters, mermaid and witches are frequently shown in the recent Chinese films, which demonstrate that magical imagination world is returned in China in line with the development of media. Monster hunt employed character images and stories from Chinese fantasies and mystic books such as Shanhaijing, Journey to the west (西游記) and Liaozhaizhiyi (聊齋志異) and has an overall heroic mythical structure.

고대 중국의 동물직공도의 상징 의미에 대한 탐구

송정화 한국중국학회 2020 중국학보 Vol.94 No.-

본 논문에서는 고대 중국의 동물 조공을 주제로 그린 동물직공도를 연구 대상으로 하여 직공도가 가진 상징의미를 분석하였다. 주요 분석대상으로 삼은 것은 송대 錢選의 「西旅貢獒圖」, 명대의 「瑞應麒麟圖」, 명대의 「撒馬兒罕貢獅圖」 등이다. 송대의 전선이 그린 「서려공오도」는 西域의 旅國이 큰 개인 獒를 조공으로 바치고, 召公이 周武王에게 외국의 기이한 짐승을 멀리할 것을 권계하는 내용인 『尙書⋅旅獒』편을 그림으로 재현하고 있었다. 「서려공오도」는 華夷觀의 시각에서 周나라와 旅國의 관계를 主從과 문명/비문명으로 규정하는 『상서⋅여오』의 화이관의 시각을 그림으로 재현해냈다. 송대 이후로 전선의 「서려공오도」의 메시지와 형식을 답습한 다수의 공오도가 그려졌고 중국을 종주국이자 문명의 공간으로, 외국을 조공국이자 비문명의 공간으로 이미지화하였다. 다음으로 본고에서는 명대의 「瑞應麒麟圖」를 분석하여 직공도가 神獸의 출현을 통해 태평성대를 기원했고 황제를 칭송하는 정치적인 역할을 수행했음을 밝혔다. 「서응기린도」는 명 永樂 12년에 榜葛剌國에서 기린을 조공했던 역사적인 사건을 그림으로 재현한 작품이다. 「서응기린도」 역시 명대 이후로 정형화된 패턴으로 반복해서 그려졌고 통치자의 권위를 찬양하고 강화하는 정치적인 기능을 수행했다. 마지막으로 명대의 「撒馬兒罕貢獅圖」를 분석하여 동물 직공도가 당시 집권계층에서 보고자 했던 이미지로 이역을 재현함으로써 실제 역사적 사실을 단순화하고 재구성하는 변형의 힘을 지녔음을 밝혔다. 이상으로 살펴본 동물 직공도는 한편으로는 고대 중국과 외국간의 실제 역사적 사실들을 기록한 紀實의 내용도 있었지만, 또 한편으로는 중국이 오랜 시간 동안 만들어온 상상의 이역 이미지를 벗어나지 못한 부분도 있었다. 궁극적으로 동물직공도는 이역에 대한 상상과 경험적 지식을 결합하면서 당시 집권계층이 가장 필요로 했던 이역 이미지를 재현해냈다.

[산해경] 신화의 여성 이미지 분석

송정화 韓國中語中文學會 2001 中語中文學 Vol.29 No.-

고품질 배 와인 제조를 위한 최적 발효 조건과 품질특성

송정화,천종필,나광출,문제학,김월수,이종수,Song, Jung-Hwa,Chun, Jong-Pil,Na, Kwang-Chul,Moon, Jae-Hak,Kim, Wal-Soo,Lee, Jong-Soo 한국미생물·생명공학회 2009 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

The goal of this study was to develop new functional pear wine using six Asian pears (Pyrus pyrifolia, Nakai), namely Wonhwang, Niitaka, Whangkeumbae, Whasan, Gamcheonbae and Chuwhangbae. To select optimal yeast and pear, we investigated the physicochemical properties of the pear wines from fermentation of musts of six pear cultivars at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days by several yeasts. $11.2%{\sim}12.4%$ of ethanol from musts of 'Wonhwang', 'Whangkeumbae' and 'Whasan' were produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae K-7 and 12.8% of ethanol was also produced from 'Niitaka' by commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-2. 9.9% and 11.4% of ethanol were produced from musts of 'Gamcheonbae' and 'Chuwhangbae' by Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7904, respectively. Among several pear wines, Niitaka pear wine showed the best acceptability in the sensory evaluation, and Niitaka pear wine and Whangkeumbae pear wine showed 31.1% and 27.8% of antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity, respectively. However, the other functionalities were not detected or very low. Furthermore, Niitaka-strawberry mixed fermentation wine was showed the excellent acceptability and high antihypertensive ACE inhibitory activity of 64.9%.

인어(人魚)의 상징의미와 문학적 수용 - 《산해경(山海經)》에서 《경화연(鏡花緣)》까지

송정화 중국어문학회 2016 中國語文學誌 Vol.0 No.57

The aim of this study is to examine the symbolic meaning of mermaid and its literary adaptation in the Chinese literature from the New Stone Age to the Han Dynasty. According to ancient relics of Yangshao culture and Daxi culture in the New Stone Age, and Shanhaijing and Huainanzi, mythical text, mermaid symbolized life, fertility and resurrection. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, mermaid became humanized one from sacred being. Mermaid shed marble tears, wove silk and was subject to intercourse. Since the Song Dynasty, mermaid was transformed from human to a beautiful woman. The woman was expressed as marginal, exotic and barbaric images. The record of Cuyiji shows such change well. Such representation method of mermaid is highly related to `China` awareness generated at the Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, mermaid was recorded as the subject of observation and collection in line with the increase of encyclopedia, travel book and map. The records on mermaid in Yiyutuzan and Xianbinlu demonstrate it. In the Qing Dynasty, mermaid was fixed as an imaginary being from actual knowledge. During the Qing Dynasty, mermaid is mainly recorded in a novel, a fictitious narrative. For example, records on mermaid are shown in novels such as Jinghwayuan and Xieduo.

《聊齋誌異》에 나타난 의학적 환상

송정화 한국중국소설학회 2023 中國小說論叢 Vol.70 No.-

This paper explored the medical fantasies that appeared in Liaozhaizhiyi. While inheriting the genealogy of fantasy literature that leads to Chinese Zhiguai, Chuanqi and Shenmo novels, I have always thought that Liaozhaizhiyi has a unique sensibility that is different from previous fantasy narratives. Therefore, I analyzed what the special fantastic sensibility of Liaozhaizhiyi is and how it is created. And as a result, I learned the following facts. First, the medical fantasy of Liaozhaizhiyi was closely related to the medical interest of the author, Pusongling. Pusongling was weak from an early age and could not escape the pain of the disease throughout his life, and naturally became interested in medicine. He also published his medical knowledge as an enlightenment book. The medical fantasy of Liaozhaizhiyi was the literary expression of his actual interest in medicine. Second, in Liaozhaizhiyi medical fantasies combined daily life in which people were sick and healed with surreal fantasies by the author's imagination, so it was expressed as a world where reality and fantasy were mixed. Pusongling, who had seen people suffering from diseases in the outskirts of the country, featured characters such as dwarfs to organize the medical process into an interesting story. In addition, in Liaozhaizhiyi, the author interpreted mysterious diseases of unknown cause as inhuman beings or supernatural forces such as God's curse, sleeping with ghosts, and longing for lovers. And he recalled in his work the old magical imagination that it could be controlled by the power of medicine or medicine. Liaozhaizhiyi shows that in ancient societies where scientific thinking was not yet absolute, it was natural for sorcery to perform the function of judging and interpreting social phenomena and causes of diseases. Finally, Liaozhaizhiyi showed how the literary device called "medical illusion" serves various functions to satisfy physical deficiencies and comfort psychological frustration, with intellectual brains, beautiful appearance, and strong physical function being the object of desire. 본 고에서는 ‘《요재지이》에 나타난 의학적인 환상’을 주제로 하여 ‘포송령의 의학적 관심’, ‘병과 치료 과정의 서사화’, ‘주술적 리얼리즘의 세계’, ‘욕망하는 신체’의 다양한 각도에서 작품을 분석했다. 우선 《요재지이》의 의학적인 환상의 경지는 그의 실제적인 의약학에 대한 관심이 문학적으로 발현된 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 《요재지이》에서 의학적인 환상은 사람들이 병에 걸리고 치유되는 일상의 과정이 작가의 상상력에 의해 초현실적인 환상과 결합함으로써 실재와 환상이 혼재하는 세계로 표현되었다. 지방에서 막객과 서당 훈장 노릇을 하면서 질병으로 고통받는 백성들을 보아왔던 포송령은 난쟁이 등의 캐릭터를 등장시켜 병과 치료과정을 쉽고 재미있는 이야기로 구성해냈다. 또한 《요재지이》에서 작자는 원인을 알 수 없는 불가사의한 병들을 신의 저주, 귀신과의 동침, 연인에 대한 그리움 등의 비인격적인 존재나 초자연적인 힘에 의한 것으로 해석했고, 그것을 巫醫나 의약의 힘으로 통어할 수 있다는 오래된 주술적인 상상력을 재소환하고 있었다. 마지막으로 《요재지이》는 지적인 두뇌, 아름다운 외모, 강한 신체적 기능이 그 당시 사람들에게도 욕망의 대상이었고, ‘의학적 환상’이라는 문학적 장치가 어떻게 신체적인 결핍을 충족시키고, 심리적인 좌절을 위로하는 기능을 하는지를 보여 주었다.