사장교 시스템의 실용적인 초기형상 결정법

송요한,김문영,Song, Yo-Han,Kim, Moon-Young 한국전산구조공학회 2011 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.24 No.1

본 논문에서는 비선형해석이라는 복잡한 과정을 거치지 않고도 사장교 시스템의 초기형상을 효율적이고 합리적으로 결정하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 사장교 시스템의 초기형상해석이라 함은 주형의 수직 처짐과 휨모멘트, 주탑의 수평변위와 휨모멘트를 최소화하면서, 고정하중과 평형을 이룰 수 있는 케이블의 장력과 무응력길이를 결정하는 방법으로 이때, 케이블이 정착되는 주형의 수평위치, 주탑의 수직위치가 변하지 않아야 한다. 본 연구에서는 주형과 주탑의 케이블 정착부에서 힘의 평형조건을 이용하여 주형의 수직 처짐과 주탑의 수평변위를 효과적으로 제어할 수 있는 장력 산정법을 사장교의 형태별로 정리하여 제시하였으며, 2차원 사장교 예제들에 대하여 기존 연구의 방법들과 장력, 주형의 모멘트와 처짐 등을 비교하였다. 또한 3차원 실교량에 대해 Improved TCUD법으로 초기형상해석을 수행하여 그 결과와 비교함으로서 본 방법의 정확성을 입증하고자 하였다. A rational method for determination of initial cable forces in cable-stayed bridges without complicated nonlinear analysis is presented. Initial shape analysis for cable-stayed bridges should be able to find optimizated initial cable forces and unstrained length that minimize deflection and vending moments of the deck and pylon. A presented method utilizing the idea of force equilibrium organizes initial shape analysis for each types of cable-stayed bridges. The results of that analysis were compared to several existing methods for 2D numerical examples. And for 3D actual bridges, the improved TCUD method was performed to demonstrate the accuracy of this study.

Human Peripheral Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte에 대한 Proinflammatory Cytokinessl의 작용

송요한,외귀옥,이인규,소서영,문대희,이인우,김형섭,Song, Yo-Han,Oh, Kwi-Ok,Lee, In-Kyu,So, Seo-Young,Moon, Dae-Hee,Lee, In-Woo,Kim, Hyyng-Seop 대한치주과학회 1995 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.25 No.2

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMN) are the most numerous host cell in periodontal pockets and their presumed role is to form a protective barrier between the bacteria and periodontal tissues. Microbial component LPS activates macrophages to produce $IL-1{\beta}$, $MIP-1{\alpha}$, $-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6, etc. These cytokines have autocrine function to the macrophages, and paracrine function to other cell such as PMN and affect them to produce some biological functions. In the present study, human PMN were tested for the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA. Also we performed the receptor binding assay and in vitro assay for the antimicrobial action of HL-60 cell to determine whether HL-60 can replace the peripheral PMN in analyzing the biological functions. PMN were stimulated with $IL-1{\beta}$, TPA, $MIP-1{\alpha}$, LPS, IL-2 and total cytoplasmic RNA were extracted for the northern blot analysis. In order to determine the induction kinetics of $IL-1{\beta}$ or $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA expression, cells were stimulated for 0,1,2,3 hours. We found peak expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA after 1hr of induction with $IL-1{\beta}$, LPS and after 2hr of induction with TPA. $MIP-l{\alpha}$ also induced but a scarce $IL-l{\beta}$ message from PMN. In contrast to the $IL-l{\beta}$ mRNA expression, $MIP-1{\alpha}$ were not induced from PMN in any culture conditions. Receptors for $MIP-1{\alpha}$ were identified on dibutyryl cyclic AMP(dbcAMP)-treated HL-60 as well as peripheral PMN. dbcAMP treatment significantly enhanced antimicrobial action of undifferentiated HL-60 cell. MIP-1 further increased enhancing effect of dbcAMP. $IL-1{\beta}$, to a lesser extent, also increased dbcAMP-induced enhancing effect of antimicrobial action of HL-60 cell.

특수교육기관별 특수교사 전문성과 교직헌신 분석: 배경변인을 중심으로

송요한(Song Yohan) 단국대학교 특수교육연구소 2024 특수교육논총 Vol.40 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the professionalism and teaching commitment of special education teachers in special education institutions, focusing on their background variables. Method: In the first semester of 2020, 100 special teachers working at special schools, special classes, and special education support centers were sampled, and 300 individuals participated in an online survey, from which 233 effective responses were used for analysis. Result: First, the background variable that showed a difference in the professionalism of special school teachers was the level of final education; no background variable showed a difference in teaching commitment. Second, the background variables that showed differences in the professionalism of special class teachers were teaching career, level of final education, and level of teaching certificate, while the background variables that showed differences in teaching commitment was the level of teaching certificate. Third, the background variables that showed differences in the professionalism of teachers at the special education support center were teaching career, level of final education, and level of teaching certificate, while the background variables that showed a difference in teaching commitment was the level of teaching certificate. Conclusion: Consequently, teaching career and level of final education may be considered important background variables for the professionalism and teaching commitment of special education teachers regardless of special education institutions. Therefore, administrative and emotional support are needed for special education teachers to have accumulative teaching careers by engaging in teaching for long periods and high levels of final education. As a suggestion for follow-up research, first, additional research on the professionalism and teaching commitment of special school teachers are needed by focusing on the type of establishment. Second, a detailed analysis of the teaching career of special education teachers is needed. Third, a study is needed to closely examine the level of final education background of special education teachers. Fourth, research on the background variables of special education teachers should be conducted in a balanced way for each special education institution.

감염시에 발현되는 porphyromonas gingivalis 유전자의 클로닝

송요한 ( Yo Han Song ),정승룡 ( Seung Ryong Jung ),서영석 ( Young Seok Seo ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2001 全北醫大論文集 Vol.25 No.2

Porphyromonas gingvalis는 치주질환의 주요 원인균으로 알려져 있으며, 여러 가지 독력인자들이 규명되어져 왔다. 그러나 이 세균이 실제 감염시에 어떠한 독력인자들을 발현하는지는 거의 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 최근에 개발된 in vivo induced antigen technology(IVIAT)방법을 이용하여 감염시에만 발현되는 P. gingivalis 독력인자들을 규명하고자 하였다. 제한효소가 처리된 P. gingivalis의 유전자와 pET30 vector를 이용하여 genomic library를 제작한 다음, P. gingivalis로 흡착시켜서, 실험실에서 배양된 P. gingivalis에 대한 항체가 완전히 제거된 치주질환 환자의 혈청을 이용하여 감염시에만 발현되는 P. gingivalis의 유전자들을 분리하였다. 총 270,000여 클론들을 스크리닝하여 최종적으로 9개 클론을 얻었으며. DNA 염기서열을 분석과 Blast search를 시행하여 이들 유전자들을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 9개의 클론에서 각각2개의 ORFs이 존재하였고, 총 11개의 유전자중 6개의 유전자는 이미 알려져 있는 유전자와 homology를 보였으며, 각각 phosphotransacetylase, acetate kinase, transcription repair coupling factor helicase, pyruvate phosphate dikinase. S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, 그리고 zinc proteinase이었다. 나머지 5개의 유전자는 알려져 있지 않은 유전자들이었다. 결론적으로 감염시에 발현되는 이들 유전자들은 P. gingivalis를 규명하고, 나아가 백신등을 개발하는데 있어서 후보 유전자로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

케이블교량의 비선형해석을 위한 탄성현수선 및 탄성포물선 케이블요소의 비교연구

송요한(Song,Yo Han ),김문영(Kim,Moon Young) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 A Vol.31 No.5A

케이블구조의 기하학적 비선형해석을 위한 탄성포물선 케이블요소를 제시한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 탄성현수선 케이블요소에 대한 적합조건과 접선강도행렬 유도과정을 간략히 요약한다. 이를 토대로 장력이 충분히 도입되어 자중에 의한 처짐 형상이 포물선에 가깝다는 가정 하에서 무응력길이를 포함하는 탄성포물선 케이블요소의 비선형 힘-변형관계식과 접선강도행렬을 유도한다. 또한 현(chord) 방향으로 두 케이블요소의 등가 공칭장력식을 정의한다. 탄성포물선 케이블요소의 수치적인 정확성을 확인하기 위하여, 경사진 케이블을 한 개의 탄성현수선과 탄성포물선 케이블요소로 각각 모델링하여 매개변수 해석을 수행하고 비교, 분석한 결과를 제시한다. 제시된 탄성포물선요소는 충분한 정확도를 가지고 케이블지지 구조물의 초기치해석 및 기하비선형해석에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study introduces an elastic parabolic cable element for initial shaping analysis of cable-supported structures. First, an elastic catenary cable theory is shortly summarized by deriving the compatibility condition and the tangent stiffness matrices of the elastic catenary cable element. Next, the force-deformation relations and the tangent stiffness matrices of the elastic parabolic cable elements are derived and discussed under the assumption that sag configuration under self-weights is small. In addition the equivalent cable tension is defined in the chord-wise direction. Finally, to demonstrate the accuracy of the elastic parabolic cable element, nonlinear relationships of nominal cable tension-chord length and nominal cable tension-tangential stiffness for a single element are presented and compared with results using an elastic catenary cable theory as the slope is varied.

칸트에 대한 모종삼의 비판 검토 : “현상”과 “물자체”의 구분을 중심으로

송요한 ( Song¸ Yo Han ) 서양근대철학회 2017 근대철학 Vol.10 No.-

모종삼은 『현상여물자신』(現象與物自身)에서 칸트의 ‘사물 그 자체(Ding an sich)’와 ‘현상(Erscheinung)’ 사이의 구분을 문제 삼는다. 모종삼에 따르면, 칸트는 ‘사물 그 자체’와 ‘현상’ 간의 구분을 확정적으로 설명하지도 않았고, 충분한 정당화를 완성시키지도 않았다. 모종삼은 이 구분을 확고하고 완전하게 하기 위해, ‘사물 그 자체’를 사실 개념이 아닌 가치 개념으로 봐야 한다고 주장한다. 모종삼은 우리 인간에게 사물 그 자체에 대한 도덕적 지적 직관이 가능하다는 것을 ‘한 마음에서 열린 두 세계’(一心開二門) 마음 이론에 의해서 정당화 한다. 이 논문에서는 모종삼의 이 주장을 검토할 것이다. 우리는 먼저, 칸트 본인의 ‘초월적 관념론’과 ‘사물 그 자체’와 ‘현상’ 간의 관계를 구명해볼 것이다. 다음으로, 모종삼의 사물 그 자체, 현상 구분에 대한 비판을 검토 한 후 어디서 모종삼의 오해가 비롯되었는지 제시할 것이다. 모종삼은 칸트의 ‘사물 그 자체’ 개념의 의미 자체를 오해했다. 마지막으로 칸트에 대한 비판을 통해, 모종삼이 도달하고자 하는 이론적 귀결들도 간략하게 검토할 것이다. In Xianxiang yu wu zishen(現象與物自身, 1975), Mou Zongsan criticizes Kant’s distinction on ‘things in themselves’(Ding an sich) and ‘appearance’(Erscheinung) According to Mou, Kant neither explained this distinction definitely, nor justified it fully. To accomplish sufficient justification on this distinction, Mou argues that we should regard ‘things in themselves’ as a concept concerning values, not facts. Now Mou argues this is possible only if we admit the possibility of intellectual intuitions, which he justifies by his peculiar theory of mind, i.e. ‘two worlds opened in one mind’ (一心開二門) theory. In this article, we will examine Mou’s argument. First, we will present Kant’s distinction on ‘things in themselves’ and ‘appearance’ in terms of transcendental idealism. Then, we will closely examine Mou’s criticism on Kant, which, in turn, will show that Mou misunderstood Kant’s conception of ‘things in themselves’. At last, we will evaluate Mou’s conclusions given after his criticism on Kant.

노인 대상 맞춤형 운동서비스 프로그램 개발 및 사용성 평가

송요한 ( Yo-Han Song ),박일현 ( Il-Hyun Bak ),곽선영 ( Seon-Yeong Kwak ),이현민 ( Hyun-Min Lee ) 대한물리의학회 2022 대한물리의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usability of a kiosk-based healthcare service that provides a fitness evaluation and customized exercise program for elderly or chronic musculoskeletal system patients. METHODS: To evaluate the usability of the customized exercise service program, healthy adults (n=20) from Welfare B, located in Gwangju, were selected and studied. Subjective safety, operability, and satisfaction of individual users were obtained as data by distributing questionnaires to subjects who experienced this program and having them fill out the questionnaire. For descriptive statistics related to the survey, frequency analysis was used to determine the frequency and ratio of the variable values of the measurement items. RESULTS: As a result of the usability evaluation, the average score was 4.166, and the average score of each item was 4.025 for safety, 4.272 for operability, and 4.143 for satisfaction. Most users obtained high satisfaction and positive impressions. CONCLUSION: The HARUFIT service, a user-customized exercise program used in this study, can be developed into a device that can improve self-management ability and increase understanding of health care by providing customized exercise based on the results of physical fitness evaluation. It is possible to diversify health management methods and maximize the effect of exercise by making exercise a habit of chronic musculoskeletal disease patients or the elderly using these smart devices.

뇌졸중 환자 및 보호자를 위한 일상생활 가이드라인 어플리케이션 개발

송요한(Yo-Han Song),정채원(Chae-Won Jung),이현민(Hyun-Min Lee) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2017 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.11 No.5

헬스케어에 IT 기술이 접목되면서 의료서비스 패러다임의 변화가 일어나고 있다. 현재 헬스케어관련 어플리케이션은 운동, 식이조절, 만성질환 정보 및 관리 등 다양한 어플리케이션이 제공되고 있다. 지금까지 뇌졸중 관련 어플리케이션은 국내외 130여 종이 출시되고 있으나, 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활동작에 관한 정보를 제공하는 어플리케이션은 제한적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자 및 보호자를 대상으로 상지기능, 하지기능, 보행 및 일상생활동작에 관련된 동작관찰훈련기반 동영상콘텐츠와 운동프로그램정보를 제공하는 어플리케이션을 제작하여 뇌졸중 환자의 기능증진에 도움이 되고자 함이다. 일상생활동작 목록 및 가이드라인은 세계보건기구(WHO)에 근거하여 재활치료 전문가(신경과전문의, 물리치료사, 작업치료사) 회의를 통하여 선정하였고 각 과제에 대한 가이드라인을 작성하였다. 환자 및 보호자가 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 선정된 일상생활동작 과제를 남성과 여성, 왼쪽마비와 오른쪽마비 버전으로 동영상을 촬영하였다. 선정된 일상생활동작 과제는 6개 항목 39개 과제-이동(10개 과제), 몸단장(10개 과제), 대소변처리(4개 과제), 신체일부관리(4개 과제), 보행(9개 과제), 먹기와 마시기(2개 과제)를 촬영 및 동영상 제작을 하였다. 사진 및 동영상을 android 기반 어플리케이션(HTML5 이용 어플리케이션 설계)으로 제작하였다. 지금까지 뇌졸중 환자 및 보호자를 위한 교육자료는 의료진이 제공하는 소책자의 형태 또는 병원에서 운영하는 인터넷 사이트를 통하여 정보를 제공하고 있어 자료의 형태나 방식에 있어 제한이 있다. 반면에, stroke care 어플리케이션은 스마트폰을 이용하여 뇌졸중 환자에게 필요한 일상생활동작 과제에 관한 정보를 제공하고 환자 자신 및 보호자가 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 효율적인 교육용 어플리케이션이다. The graft of IT technology onto health care has caused a paradigm change in medical services. Currently, various health care applications are being provided including exercise, diet, chronic disease information and management. To date, about 133 kinds of stroke-related applications have been released, but there are only limited number of applications that provide information about activities of daily living (ADL) for stroke patients. The purpose of this study is to make an application providing activity observation training based video contents and exercise program information related to upper extremity functions, lower extremity functions, gait and ADL for stroke patients and caregivers and to help the enhancement of the stroke patients’ functions. The ADL lists and guidelines were selected through the rehabilitation treatment expert group meeting (neurologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, etc.) based on WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health guidelines, and guidelines for each assignment were prepared. To help easy understanding of patients and caregivers, for the selected ADL assignments, videos were shot in male and female and left side and right side paralysis versions. Video were shot for 39 selected ADL assignments in 6 items: mobility (10), dressing (10), toileting (4), caring for body parts (4), walking (9), and eating (2). With the videos that were shot, an android-based application was made. The ADL education materials for stroke patients have been provided in the form of a booklet offered by medical staff or through an internet website operated by a hospital, thus there is a limit in the form of materials or the manner of providing them. However, ADL application is an efficient application for education using a smartphone to provide information about ADL assignments necessary for stroke patients and is easy for patients themselves and caregivers to understand.

리듬청각자극을 동반한 동작관찰 신체훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 하지 근활성도와 보행능력에 미치는 영향

송수영 ( Su-young Song ),송요한 ( Yo-han Song ),이현민 ( Hyun-min Lee ) 대한물리의학회 2018 대한물리의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of action observational physical training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on muscle activity and gait ability in patients with stroke. METHODS: Twenty-six chronic stroke patients participated in this study were assigned into three groups, experimental group 1 (10% faster tempo rhythmic auditory stimulation with action observation training) n=8, experimental group 2 (average tempo rhythmic auditory stimulation with action observation training) n=9, and control group (action observation training) n=9. In this experiment, the corresponding exercise were applied into the subjects of three group for 30 minute a day, 3 time a week during 4 weeks. All participants were measured to muscle activity of lower limb, 10 meter walking test, Figure of 8 walk test, Dynamic gait Index. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 18.0 for window) and verified that each data was a normal distribution based on Shapiro-Wilk test. Between-group and within-group comparison was analyzed by using One-way ANOVA test, Paired t-test respectively. In all statistical analyses, significance level, α was set by .05. RESULTS: The above results revealed that the all experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 and control group were all effective to improve the lower limb muscle activities, gait ability. However more positive effects shown action observational physical training with rhythmic auditory stimulation experimental group. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that action observation physical training with rhythmic auditory stimulation is effective intervention for improvement of muscle activity and walking ability in chronic stroke patients.

Fusobacterium nucleatum 추출물이 사람 치은 섬유아세포와 HOS 941세포의 성장과 마우스 비장세포의 TNF-α 생성에 미치는 효과

오희명,송요한,신금백,Oh, Hee-Myung,Song, Yo-Han,Shin, Keum-Back 대한안면통증구강내과학회 1999 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.24 No.4

F. nucleatum is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe which is the principal and most frequent cause of gingival inflammation and is the predominant pathogen isolated in subsequent periodontal breakdown. It is also one of the most numerous bacteria found in subgingival plaque samples from healthy sites; its numbers are about 10-fold greater in plaque from periodontally diseased sites. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of outer membrane(OM), outer membrane vesicle(OMV), and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) from F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 strain on the growth of human gingival fibroblasts and HOS 941 cells, and on the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production / $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression of mouse splenocytes. For the examination of cytotoxic effects, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression, the MTT assay, the ELISA and the RT-PCR were performed, respectively. All extracts of F. nucleatum tested were cytotoxic to both of human gingival fibroblasts and HOS 941 cells, and the significant difference of cytotoxic activity among the extracts was not observed. In the effects of these extracts on the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production / $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression of mouse splenocytes, all extracts of F. nucleatum tested also stimulated the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production / $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression, but the effects of the OM extracts on the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production / $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression were higher than those of the OMV and the LPS extracts. The pattern of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression was similar to that of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production. These results indicate that F. nucleatum seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases at least by its cytotoxicity, directly and its $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, indirectly.