天津港과 天津및 周邊地域의 經濟開發

손명화 한국항만경제학회 1991 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.7 No.-

中國의 外資企業現況 및 展望

손명화 한국항만경제학회 1993 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.9 No.-

中國 黃ㆍ渤海 地域의 經濟開發問題

손명화 한국항만경제학회 1992 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.8 No.-

Rhodobacter sphaeroides의 nif 유전자의 발현에 대한 NifA와 PrrA의 작용

손명화 ( Myung Hwa Son ),김민주 ( Min Ju Kim ),이상준 ( Sang Joon Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.9

To find out the growth conditions for the maximum activity of nitrogenase which catalyzes nitrogen fixation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the promoter activities of nifA and nifH were analyzed and the results indicated that expression of both nifA and nifH was increased in response to deprivation of both O2 concentration and nitrogen source. The nifA mutant was constructed by deleting the gene to investigate the effect of NifA, the transcriptional regulator, on the nifH and nifA expression in R. sphaeroides. Analysis of expression of nif genes using the nifA::lacZ and nifH::lacZ fusions in the nifA mutant revealed that NifA acts as a positive activator for nifH and an autoregulator in its own expression. The promoter activities of nifA and nifH in the prrA mutant grown under anaerobic and NH4 +-free conditions were derepressed, comparing with those of the wild-type grown under the same conditions, indicating that the prrA product acts as a positive regulator in expression of nifA and nifH.

Analysis of the orf 282 Gene and Its Function in Rhodobacter sphaeroide 2.4.1

Myung-Hwa Son(손명화),Sang-Joon Lee(이상준) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.8

Rodobacter sphaeroides에서 orf282 유전자는 cbb3 terminal oxidase를 암호화하는 ccoNOQP 오페론과 혐기적 활성자인 FnrL을 암호화하는 fnrL 유전자 사이에 있으며, 아직은 기능이 잘 알려지지 않았다. orf282 유전자의 기능을 알기 위해 우리는 orf282의 일부를 삭제함으로써 유전자를 붕괴시켜 orf282-minus mutant를 제조하였다. 두개의 FnrL 결합 부위가 orf282의 upstream에 존재한다는 것이 밝혀져 있으며, orf282 유전자가 FnrL에 의해 양성적으로 조절된다는 것이 증명되었다. orf282 유전자는 B875와 B800-850 spectral complexes의 형성과 관련이 없다. orf282 mutant에서의 cbb3 oxidase 활성을 wild type와 비교해보면 orf282 유전자가 ccoNOQP 오페론의 조절과 cbb3 cytochrome c oxidase의 생합성과 무관하다는 것을 알 수 있다. orf282 mutant의 구조 유전자인 nifH와 조절 유전자인 nifA의 프로모터 활성이 증가한 것은 orf282 유전자 산물이 nifH와 nifA의 발현에서 음성적 effector로 작용한다는 것을 시사한다. The orf282 gene of Rhodobacter sphaeroides is located between the ccoNOQP operon encoding cbb3 terminal oxidase and the fnrL gene encoding an anaerobic activator, FnrL. Its function remains unknown. In an attempt to reveal the function of the orf282 gene, we disrupted the gene by deleting a portion of the orf282 gene and constructed an orf282-knockout mutant. Two FnrL binding sites were found to be located upstream of orf282, and it was demonstrated that orf282 is positively regulated by FnrL. The orf282 gene is not involved in the regulation of spectral complex formation. The cbb3 oxidase activity detected in the orf282 mutant was comparable to that in the wild-type sample, indicating that the orf282 gene is not involved in the regulation of the ccoNOQP operon and the biosynthesis of the cbb3 cytochrome c oxidase. The elevated promoter activity of the nifH and nifA genes, which are the structural genes of nitrogenase and its regulator, respectively, in the orf282 mutant, suggests that the orf282 gene product acts as a negative effector for nifH and nifA expression.

BIO-COSMOS in silico- 중학 과학교재 생물편의 overhead project용 film의 제작 및 응용-

송방호,손명화,최미숙,박창보,이원주,권한별,권덕기,손종경,정화숙,양홍준,박성호 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

BIO-COSMOS in Silico: 중학 과학교재 생물편의 Overhead Project 용 Film 의 제작 및 응용

송방호,손명화,최미숙,박창보,이원주,권한별,권덕기,손종경,정화숙,양홍준,박성호 韓國生物敎育學會 1997 생물교육 Vol.25 No.1

Audio-visual aided instruction in middle school science is growing rapidly. Among several multimedia such as video tapes, slides, software, and overhead project. films, the development of overhead project film is supposed to be the most and immediately required item as means of improving the teaching capacity for lecture and experiment under the current situations of facilities. About 200 films covering biology content from the new science textbooks which were published by 8 different companies in 1996, were designed, manufactured and classified with serial numbers according to their grades and characteristics. The films were classified with four different categories; 1) summarized diagram for improving lecture capacity and easier understanding of the contents, 2) schematic figures and pictures including legends, 3) method illustrations for observation, experiment, inquiry, and investigation, and 4) tables for arrangement of the content. The overhead project films were drawn 208 sheets totally which were consisted of 63, 90(animal 50, plant 40), and 55 sheets for ist, 2nd, and 3rd grades, respectively. The emphasized point for designing the films was given to the superiority as means of distinctiveness, gracefulness, purity, color, brightness and shadow, and cognition, The used figures, pictures, legends and tables in this work are applicable to manufacture of various other media like slide films, video, and compact disk titles. Individuals and teachers can receive the films through Internet system freely by searching $quot;Bio-cosmos$quot; in the homepage of Kyungpook University. $quot;1'he uniform resource locator(URL) for $quot;Bio-cosmos$quot; is addressed as http://gic.kyungpook.ac.kr/biocosmos/index.html.

학술 논문 발표회 : 제 3분과 ; BIO - COSMOS in silico - 중학 과학교재 생물편의 overhead project용 film의 제작 및 응용

송방호,손명화,최미숙,박창보,이원주,권한별,권덕기,손종경,정화숙,양홍준,박성호 한국과학교육학회 1997 한국과학교육학회 학술발표 및 세미나집 Vol.- No.-

독립영양 방식으로 퍼클로레이트를 분해하는 농화배양 내 고세균 군집 분석

김영화(Young-Hwa Kim),도상현(Sanghyun Do),소현승(Hyunseung So),빈준원(Junwon Been),성해찬(Haechan Sung),지성찬(Sungchan Ji),손명화(Myunghwa Son),안영희(Yeonghee Ahn) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

퍼클로레이트(ClO₄-)는 토양, 지하수, 그리고 지표수의 신규 오염물질이다. 원소 황을 전자공여체로 이용하여 퍼클로레이트를 분해하는 농화배양에 존재하는 세균 군집에 대한 정보는 이전 연구를 통해 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 정량 및 정성적인 분자기법으로 이 농화배양 내 고세균 군집을 조사하였다. 농화배양 내의 16S rRNA 유전자 copy수를 실시간 정량 PCR로 조사한 결과 고세균의 이 유전자 copy수는 세균의 1.5%를 나타냈다. 그래서 이 농화배양 환경에서 적응하는 고세균의 수가 적어 세균이 우점하는 것으로 나타났다. DGGE 밴드패턴을 통해 농화배양과 식종균으로 이용한 활성슬러지의 고세균 군집조성이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 농화배양의 가장 우세한 DGGE 밴드는 Methanococci와 연관되는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 이 우점 고세균 개체군의 대사적 역할이 규명되면 퍼클로레이트를 제거하는 농화배양 내 존재하는 미생물 군집을 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다. Perchlorate (ClO₄-) is an emerging contaminant detected in soil, groundwater, and surface water. Previous study revealed bacterial community in the enrichment culture tdegraded perchlorate using elemental sulfur as an electron donor. Quantitative and qualitative molecular methods were employed in this study to investigate archaeal community in the enrichment culture. Real-time qPCR showed that archaeal 16S rRNA gene copy number in the culture was about 1.5% of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy number. This suggested that less archaea were adapted to the environment of the enrichment culture and bacteria were dominant. DGGE banding pattern revealed that archaeal community profile of the enrichment culture was different from that of the activated sludge used as an inoculum for the enrichment culture. The most dominant DGGE band of the enrichment culture was affiliated with Methanococci. Further research is necessary to investigate metabolic role of the dominant archaeal population to better understand microbial community in the perchlorate-reducing enrichment culture.

황 산화를 통해 퍼클로레이트를 분해하는 미생물 군집 분석

김영화(Young-Hwa Kim),한경림(Kyoung-Rim Han),황희재(Heejae Hwang),권혁준(Hyukjun Kwon),김예림(Yerim Kim),김건우(Kwonwoo Kim),김희주(Heejoo Kim),손명화(Myunghwa Son),최영익(Young-Ik Choi ),성낙창(Nak-Chang Sung),안영희(Yeonghee Ahn) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

퍼클로레이트(ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP>)는 지표수 및 토양/지하수에서 검출되는 신규 오염물이다. 이전 연구에서 저렴한 원소 황(elemental sulfur, S<SUP>0</SUP>) 입자와 쉽게 구할 수 있는 활성슬러지를 이용하여 독립영양방식으로 ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP>를 제거할 수 있다는 실험적 증거가 제시되었다. 또한 식종균으로서 농화배양 미생물을 사용했을 때 활성슬러지보다 제거효율과 시간면에서 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 황을 산화하여 독립영양방식으로 ClO4-를 분해하는 농화배양 미생물 군집을 PCR-DGGE로 분석하였다. 이 농화배양 미생물은 초기농도가 약 120 mg ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP>/l 일 때 7일 후 99.71% 이상의 ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP> 제거 효율을 나타내었다. 농화배양 미생물과 그것의 식종균으로 부터 genomic DNA를 추출하여 16S rRNA 유전자의 PCR-DGGE 분석에 사용하였다. PCR-DGGE 분석결과 농화배양 미생물과 식종균 시료들이 다른 밴드패턴을 나타냄에 따라 이 두 시료의 군집조성이 다름을 확인하였다. 이는 농화배양되는 동안 식종된 미생물이 그 환경에 잘 생장하는 미생물로 군집조성이 변화한 것으로 여겨진다. 농화배양 미생물군집에는 β-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, 그리고 Spirochaetes 강에 속하는 개체군들이 우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 이 우점 개체군들의 순수분리와 더불어 황 산화를 통한 ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP> 분해 환경에서 이들의 대사적 역할을 규명할 필요가 있다. Perchlorate (ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP>) is an emerging pollutant detected in surface water, soil, and groundwater. Previous studies provided experimental evidence of autotrophic ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP> removal with elemental sulfur (S<SUP>0</SUP>) particles and activated sludge, which are inexpensive and easily available, respectively. In addition, ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP> removal efficiency was shown to increase when an enrichment culture was used as an inoculum instead of activated sludge. PCR-DGGE was employed in the present study to investigate the microbial community in the enrichment culture that removed ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP> autotrophically. Microorganisms in the enrichment culture showed 99.71% or more ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP> removal efficiency after a 7-day incubation when the initial concentration was approximately 120 mg ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP>/l. Genomic DNA was isolated from the enriched culture and its inoculum (activated sludge), and used for PCR-DGGE analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Microbial compositions of the enrichment culture and the activated sludge were different, as determined by their different DGGE profiles. The difference in DGGE banding patterns suggests that environmental conditions of the enrichment culture caused a change in the microbial community composition of the inoculated activated sludge. Dominant DGGE bands in the enrichment culture sample were affiliated with the classes β-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes. Further investigation is warranted to reveal the metabolic roles of the dominant populations in the ClO₄<SUP>-</SUP> degradation process, along with their isolation.