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소금과 아질산염 감소 수준이 돈육 패티의 품질특성 및 저장성에 미치는 영향
송동헌(Dong-Heon Song),황고은(Ko-Eun Hwang),최윤상(Yun-Sang Choi),김용재(Yong-Jae Kim),함윤경(Youn-Kyung Ham),정태준(Tae-Jun Jeong),이재훈(Jae Hoon Lee),김천제(Cheon-Jei Kim),백현동(Hyun-Dong Paik) 한국식품조리과학회 2017 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.33 No.5
Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the minimum addition requirements for NaCl and nitrites to guarantee the desirable quality attributes and shelf-life of ground patty. Methods: Five different groups of pork patties were prepared according to formula; HSHN treatment was prepared with 1.75% NaCl and 110 ppm nitrite, HS treatment was prepared with only 1.75% NaCl, NSLN treatment was prepared with 1.50% NaCl and 30 ppm nitrite, NSLN treatment was prepared with 0.75% NaCl and 30 ppm nitrite, and AKS treatment was prepared with 0.75% NaCl, 0.25 KCl and 0.40% celery powder. Experiments analyzed pork patties for pH, color, cooking loss, salt contents shear force, sensory characteristics, residual nitrite content, volatile basic nitrogen, 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and microbiological analysis. Results: The different levels of NaCl and nitrites did not affect the pH levels of pork patties (p>0.05). HSHN and HS treatments resulted in significantly higher salinities than the NSLN, LSLN, and AKC treatments (p<0.05). The residual nitrite content of pork patties was dependent upon the addition level of nitrite, and residual nitrite content decreased with longer storage duration (p<0.05). Addition of 30 ppm nitrite showed increasing redness indicating inhibition of lipid oxidation during storage. Total bacterial counts did not exceed 6 log CFU/g over 30 days in all treatments. Improvement of microbial inhibition was considered necessary, except for HSHN. In addition, LSLN and AKS treatments slightly reduced the quality properties (cooking loss and shear force) compared to other treatments, whereas the sensory of overall acceptance scores were over 6 points. Conclusion: Therefore, pork patties containing 0.75% salt and 30 ppm nitrite are industrially applicable.
HACCP 적용을 중심으로 본 해외 식품운반 관리체계의 특징과 우리나라 축산물 유통단계 안전관리 현황 조사 연구
김현욱,백현동,홍완수,이주연,Kim, Hyoun-Wook,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Hong, Whan-Soo,Lee, Joo-Yeon 한국축산식품학회 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.4
HACCP is a scientific and systematic program that identifies specific hazards and gives measures for their control to ensure the safety of foods. Based on the Livestock Products Processing Act, the HACCP system is now being applied to Korean livestock products since December 1997, and Korea is accelerating its application from farm to table, including in farms, slaughterhouses, livestock product industries, retail markets, and transportation. The transport of livestock and its products is one of the vulnerable sectors in terms of food safety in Korea. Meats are transported in trucks in the form of carcasses or packaged meats in boxes. Carcasses may be exposed to microbiological, physical, and chemical hazards from the environment or through cross-contamination from other meats. Poor cleaning or maintenance of vehicles and tools may also raise the exposure of carcasses to microbiological or chemical hazards. HACCP application and its acceleration in distribution, particularly in transport, is regarded as critical to the provision to consumers of ultimately safe livestock products. To achieve this goal, steady efforts to develop practical tools for HACCP application should be carried out.
다양한 꿀에 함유된 무기물 조성, Hydroxy Methyl Furfural 함량 및 꿀 단백질의 전기영동 패턴 비교
정미애,김천제,백현동,오재욱,이시경,Jung, Mi-Ea,Kim, Cheon-Jei,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Oh, Jae-Wook,Lee, Si-Kyung 한국축산식품학회 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.2
밀원을 달리한 다양한 꿀의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 아카시아꿀 7개, 잡화꿀 9개, 밤꿀 5개, 토종꿀 5개의 시료를 이용하여, 회분 함량, 무기물 조성과 HMF(hydroxy methyl furfural)함량 및 꿀 단백질의 SDS-PAGE에 의한 단백질 분자량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 회분 함량은 아카시아꿀이 0.046-0.119%이었으며, 밤꿀은 0.565-1.318%, 잡화꿀 0.06-0.582%, 토종꿀 0.237-0.893% 이었다. 무기물 분석에서 K함량은 밤꿀>토종꿀>잡화꿀>아카시아꿀 순으로 높았으며, Ca함량은 아카시아꿀과 잡화꿀에서 가장 높았다. 아카시아꿀의 Na/K ratio는 0.92-1.97, 밤꿀은 0.02-1.59, 잡화꿀은 0.02-5.30, 토종꿀은 0.22-0.51이었다. 또한 HMF 함량은 밀원의 종류에 관계없이 다양하게 나타나, 아카시아꿀이 9.60-12.85 mg/kg, 밤꿀은 10.15-25.75 mg/kg, 토종꿀은 9.7-33.5 mg/kg, 잡화꿀은 6.25-21.5 mg/kg 이었으며, 토종꿀에서 가장 높았다. SDS-PAGE에 의한 단백질 band의 분자량 분석에서 양봉꿀의 특이적인 59 kDa 단백질이 모든 시료에서 나타났다. 밤꿀과 토종꿀에서 양봉꿀의 특이성을 나타내는 59.0 kDa의 단백질 band 이외에 31.9-33.5 kDa 단백질의 존재가 확인되었다. 72 kDa의 단백질 band도 몇 종의 밤꿀(71.8, 71.9 kDa)에서 확인되었다. This study was conducted to analyze ash content, mineral composition, hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) content, stable carbon isotope ratio, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns to investigate the quality characteristics of various honeys harvested from different sources and to identify differences useful for distinguishing honey sources. Ash content was 0.046-0.012% in acacia honey, 0.565-1.318% in chestnut honey, 0.06-0.582% in polyfloral honey, and 0.237-0.893% in native bee honey. Potassium content was high in order of chestnut honey>native bee honey>polyfloral honey>acacia honey. The Na/K ratio was 0.92-1.97 in acacia honey, 0.02-1.59 in chestnut honey, 0.02-5.30 in polyfloral honey, and 0.22-0.51 in native bee honey. The HMF content was 9.60-12.85, 10.15-25.75, 9.7-33.5, and 6.25-21.5 mg/kg in acacia, chestnut, native bee, and polyfloral honeys, respectively. HMF content was the highest in native bee honey. A 59 kDa protein band was revealed in all samples by SDS-PAGE analysis. Protein bands of 32.1, 31.9, and 33.5 kDa were revealed in some chestnut honeys, and protein bands of 32.3 and 32.5 kDa were shown in native bee honeys. A protein band of 72 kDa was also confirmed in some chestnut honeys.
허찬,김현욱,최윤상,김천제,백현동,Heo, Chan,Kim, Hyoun-Wook,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Cheon-Jei,Paik, Hyun-Dong Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.1
Predictive modeling was applied to study the growth of microorganisms related to spoilage in frankfurter sausage containing various levels of dietary fiber (0, 1, 2, and 3%) from rice bran and to estimate its shelf-life. Using the Baranyi model, total viable cells, anaerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria were measured during 35 days of cold storage ($<4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). The lag times (LT) demonstrated by control and treatment groups were 6.28, 623, 6.24, and 6.25 days, respectively. The growth rate of total viable cells in each group were 0.95, 0.91, 0.92, and 0.91 (Log CFU/g/day), respectively. The anaerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria had lower initial ($y_0$) and maximal bacterial counts ($y_{max}$) than total viable cells. Also, the anaerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria possessed lower growth rate and longer lag time than total viable cells. The estimated shelf-life of frankfurter containing rice bran fiber by the growth rate of total viable cells was 7.8, 7.9, 7.9, and 7.7 days, respectively. There were no significant differences in shelf-life as a function of fiber content. In other words, the addition of dietary fiber in sausage did not show the critically hazardous results in growth of microorganism. The 12 predictive models were then characterized by high $R^2$, and small RMSE. Furthermore, $B_f$ and $A_f$ values showed a very close relationship between the predictive and observed data.