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온택트 시대 온라인 수업과 상호작용 전략 연구 ―교수자의 디지털 리터러시 역량 개발을 중심으로―
박현이 배재대학교 주시경교양교육연구소 2024 대학교양교육연구 Vol.9 No.2
디지털 테크놀로지의 발전이 우리 사회 전반에 걸쳐 큰 영향을 미치면서 우리의 교육현실에도 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 가속화되고 있는 기술의 발전은 직간접적으로 강의실 수업의 혁신과 교수자의 새로운 역량 개발을 요구한다. 온라인 교육은 현시대가 요구하는 디지털 리터러시 역량과도 긴밀하게 연계된다. 이에 논문의 Ⅱ장에서는 코로나19를 전후로 한 선행연구를 바탕으로 온라인 교육의 변화 양상과 교수자의 디지털 교육 역량에 대한 요구를 살펴보았다. 학습자의 요구는 디지털기기나 환경의 요소보다 교수자의 역할을 중요하게 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서교수자의 역량 개발이 시급하며, 교수자와 학습자 간의 상호작용과 의사소통에 주안점을두어야 한다고 보았다. Ⅲ장에서는 의사소통 전략의 한 방안으로 교수자의 상호작용 전략을 탐색하여 설계하였다. 온라인 수업에서 중요하게 고려할 요인으로 실재감과 의사소통의목적에 주목하였으며, 교수자의 디지털 리터러시 역량과 연계하여 두 가지 상호작용 전략을 개발하였다. Ⅳ장에서는 ‘교수자의 캐릭터화’, ‘디지털 의사소통 도구의 전략적 활용’의실제 적용과 실천 과정을 살펴본 후, 교육적 효과와 보완점을 메타 분석하여 성찰하였다. 그 결과 교수자를 스토리텔러로 캐릭터화함으로써 교수 실재감을 높여 학습자의 정서적, 사회적 실재감을 키울 수 있었다. 또한, 온라인 화상강의에서 실시간 채널에 해당하는채팅창을 교수학습 전략의 하나로 활용함으로써 비대면 상황에서도 교수자와 학습자 간 상호작용을 활성화할 수 있었다. 디지털 리터러시 역량은 교수자의 교육 정체성과 긴밀하게연결되며, 환경과 테크놀로지를 자신의 교육 설계 방향과 교수학습법에 맞게 ‘변형하고 재구성할 수 있는 능력’이다. 온택트 시대의 교수자는 온라인 수업에 맞는 교수법과 학습도구의 개발을 통해 디지털 리터러시 역량을 꾸준히 개발해야 하며, 이를 온라인 교육 현장에서적극적으로 실천해야 할 것이다. As the development of digital technology has a great impact on our society as a whole, change and transformation are also having a great impact on our educational reality. The acceleration of technological development directly or indirectly requires the innovation of classroom instruction and the development of new capabilities for instructors. Online education is also closely linked to the digital literacy competencies required by the times. In Chapter Ⅱ of this paper, based on previous studies before and after COVID-19, the changes in online education and the demands of instructors for digital education capabilities were examined. As a result, it was found that the role of the instructor is more important than the elements of digital devices or environments in the learner’s needs. In Chapter III, the instructor’s interaction strategy was designed as a method of communication strategy. As an important factor to consider in online classes, this paper focused on presence and the purpose of communication. And this paper developed two interaction strategies. In Chapter Ⅳ, the actual application and practice process of ‘characterization of instructors’ and ‘strategic use of digital communication tools’ were examined, and then the educational effects and limitations were meta-analyzed and reflected. As a result, by characterizing the instructor as a storyteller, it was possible to increase the sense of teaching presence and develop the learner’s emotional and social presence. Additionally, it was discovered that by using a chat window corresponding to a real-time channel as one of the teaching and learning strategies in online video lectures, interaction between instructors and learners can be activated even in non-face-to-face situations. Digital literacy competency is closely linked to the instructor’s educational identity, and it is the ability to ‘transform and reconstruct’ the environment and technology according to one’s educational design direction and teaching and learning methods. Ontact era should steadily develop digital literacy competencies by developing teaching methods and learning tools suitable for online classes, and should actively practice them in the field of online education.
박현도,이제성,임종훈,조형태,김정환 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.110 No.-
Ash deposits generated during the combustion process on the outer tube surface of a boiler reduces theboiler’s efficiency. In most boilers, ash deposits are physically removed with high-pressure steam usingan ash deposit removal system, sootblower. However, most sootblowers spray steam with excessive pressure,without considering the characteristics of the ash deposit, resulting in problems such as waste ofsteam energy and damage to equipment. In addition, an optimal operation strategy based on the positionof the sootblower and the injection angle of the steam nozzle are not considered, leading to a loweredefficiency of ash deposit removal and steam waste. Hence, this study proposes a novel method to determinethe optimal operating conditions of a sootblower using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and athermal transfer efficiency model considering the properties of the ash deposits. This method was developedbased on a commercial recovery boiler, and consists of (i) a sootblowing steam velocity model thatconsiders the ash deposit characteristics, (ii) a three-dimensional CFD model considering the interiordesign of the boiler, and (iii) a thermal transfer efficiency model that calculates the thermal resistancedepending on the amount of ash deposit removed. Case studies were performed to calculate the amount of ash deposit removed for various ash depositthicknesses, and sootblower positions and angles using this methodology. The boiler heat transfer efficiencywas calculated using the calculated ash deposit removal amount and thermal transfer efficiencymodel, and the optimum operating conditions for the sootblower with the optimum heat transfer efficiencywere derived. This study presents a guideline for efficiently operating sootblowers according tothe ash deposit characteristics, and can be applied not only to recovery boilers but also to other boilersin which ash deposits are generated.