공원범죄의 피해방지를 위한 합리적인 방안

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한국피해자학회 2012 被害者學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

Before constructing parks, it's necessary to formulate plans in the direction of preventing crimes in advance, and follow-up management must be done after constructing the parks completely. If citizens are reluctant to use the parks because public safety is not guaranteed, the reason for being disappears. If the parks do not protect citizens from crimes, it would rather not exist than do harm to them. Rather, it is good policy. In this respect, the current system must be improved, which has no manual for crime prevention being confined to policy of increasing the number of parks. Through the government's expressing its firm will to secure public safety of parks by enacting clear provisions so that the original good will is not distorted to make resting places for citizens, a recognition that illegal acts which make others anxious are punished necessarily must be instilled into park users while taking a sound rest is protected thoroughly. In addition, the police should do the patrols actively in order to prevent crimes in the parks and try to increase street lamps and security CCTV installation in collaboration with the agencies concerned including gu offices. However, it can be said the most important thing to prevent damage of the crimes in the parks is the very civic consciousness. We should keep it in mind that along with continuous efforts by the police and public organizations, a sense of ownership that 'I am the owner of the park' and mature civic consciousness to ‘care for the park like my house’ will make the parks safe without crimes.

북한 형법의 변천과정 및 특징

박찬걸 ( Park Chan-keol ) 대구가톨릭대학교 사회과학연구소 2016 사회과학논총 Vol.15 No.-

Criminal law in North Korea is based on the nature of social strata and it has a nature of political law by prioritizing its function to the protection of political system rather than the benefit and protection of the law. Also, the criminal law in North Korea can be regarded that it reflects the ideologic characteristics by means of strong measure to protect the system of North Korea as it reveals the policy of the Labor Party which is the realization of Kim, Ilsung`s teach and Juche ideology only. Therefore, the criminal law in South Korea can be evaluated to focus on the protection of individual right rather than public order if we compare with the criminal law in North Korea as theirs are focusing on the value of the group and maintenance of order. Partial amendment of legislative bill of criminal law submitted to the 19th National Assembly of South Korea can be compared to the recent tendency of criminal law in North Korea. Though we may applause the effort of National Assembly of South Korea, acceptance of opinions from various fields will be required to establish better criminal law system. In the meantime, excessive criminalization and punishment that is conducted as the countermeasures of crimes should be refrained. It is required to promote the policy while considering the propositions that certainty and fast action of punishment is much effective than the forceful punishment or forceful criminal policy to prevent the crimes. The reason for this is because it is the self-evident historic truth that the effectiveness will be reduced and the value as the norm will be dimmed if the criminal law is degenerated to the symbolic method.

불량식품범죄에 대한 효과적인 대응방안

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2013 형사정책연구 Vol.94 No.-

교원에 의한 체벌행위의 정당성과 그 허용범위

박찬걸(Park Chan-Keol) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2011 형사정책연구 Vol.85 No.-

존속대상범죄의 가중처벌규정 폐지에 관한 연구

박찬걸(Park Chan-Keol) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2010 형사정책연구 Vol.82 No.-

군형법상 가혹행위죄 적용의 합리화 방안

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한국형사정책학회 2016 刑事政策 Vol.28 No.2

Severity-act crime on the Military Criminal Act needs to be discussed in depth from perspectives of the principle of legality, the legality of criminal procedure and restorative justice state. First, severity-act crime is discussed whether or not it corresponds to the principle of legality in terms of elements of a crime and punishment, and the relation to the other similar elements of a crime and clear distinction of the foregoing is discussed in terms of elements of a crime. Especially, legislations that are actually applicable to the cases related to severity-act are scattered in different places, so a discriminative approach in interpreting elements of a crime is considered required due to the issue about what regulation needs to be applied to a concrete matter, difference from similar crime group on the criminal law and distinctiveness of the Military Criminal Act. For the aforementioned, this study aims to understand characteristics and reality of severity-act in the military and examine a standard for judgment on the requisite for establishment of a severity-act crime appeared in the precedents by comparing and reviewing similar crimes and relevant regulations, and will handle compatibility of abuse of authority and severity-act, distinction between abuse of authority and use of power, distinction between severity-act and act of violence, distinction between severity-act and cruel treatment and distinction between severity-act and act of making soldiers painful in priority based on the foregoing. Next there is a necessity to distinct a severity-act subject to criminal sanctions from a severity-act subject to administrative sanctions, and to discuss about appropriate sanctions in the handling process after establishment of a severity-act. As an improvement plan for the above, this study will finish discussion by reviewing recommendation of disciplinary action in principle, the measure to materialize regulations on the act of making soldiers painful through introduction of the principle of the right to prior consideration of army prosecution, systematic distinction between reason for criminal punishment and ground for disciplinary punishment etc.

군 영창제도의 문제점과 개선방안

박찬걸 ( Park Chan-keol ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2017 홍익법학 Vol.18 No.1

1962. 1. 20. 「군인사법」(법률 제1006호) 제정 당시부터 규정되고 있었던 영창처분에 대하여 군대 내 인권개선이라는 측면에서 여러 가지의 문제점이 지적되어 왔고, 이에 대한 보완작업이 이루어지고 있다. 우선 2006. 4. 28. 「군인사법」개정을 통하여 포괄적으로 정하고 있는 군인의 징계사유의 구체화, 영창처분의 남용 방지를 위하여 영창처분의 보충성 강화, 영창처분의 적법성을 심사하기 위한 인권담당 군법무관 제도 도입, 징계입창자의 친족 등에 대한 영창처분 고지제도 도입, 영창처분에 대한 항고시 집행정지의 효력 부여 등의 보완을 하였다. 그리고 「군인사법」제56조부터 제61조까지의 규정에 따라 군인의 징계에 필요한 사항을 규정하는 것을 목적으로 2007. 8. 22. 「군인징계령」을 제정하여 시행하고 있으며, 2007. 11. 22. 제정된 「군인징계령 시행규칙」제2조 제1호 나목에서는 병사에 대한 징계 양정의 세부기준을 별표에서 구체적으로 규정하고 있다. 또한 징계입창자에 대한 처우 기준 및 절차를 규정함으로써 영창집행 과정에서의 적법성을 보장하고, 징계입창자의 인권을 보장하기 위하여 「징계입창자 영창집행 및 처우 기준에 관한 훈령」을 2011. 2. 14. 제정하여 시행하고 있다. 하지만 이와 같은 개선과 노력에도 불구하고 영창처분의 문제점에 대한 지적은 지속적으로 제기되고 있으며, 근본적인 쟁점에 대한 변화는 별 차이가 없는 것으로 파악된다. 예를 들면, 법관의 영장 없이 실질적인 구금처우를 한다는 점에서 헌법상 보장된 영장주의의 위배, 영창기간이 군 복무기간에 산입되지 않는다는 점에서 이중처벌금지 원칙의 위배, 영창의 설치가 법률에 근거를 두고 있지 않다는 점에서 법률유보 원칙의 위배, 징계입창자를 미결수용자뿐만 아니라 기결수와 동일한 공간에 구금하면서 상대적으로 열악한 처우를 한다는 점에서 비례의 원칙의 위배, 영창처분의 부과 주체를 일선 중대장까지로 폭넓게 규정하고 있다는 점에서 과잉금지의 원칙의 위배 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 논의상황을 배경으로 이하의 본고에서는, 군 영창처분의 현황 및 절차를 중심으로 현 실태를 분석해 보고, 이를 바탕으로 영장주의의 위배, 적법절차의 원칙의 위배, 과잉금지의 원칙의 위배 등을 중심으로 한 문제점을 분석한 후, 영창처분의 전격적인 폐지 및 징계처분의 다양화 방안을 제시하며, 논의를 마무리하기로 한다. With respect to the guardhouse disposition which has been regulated from the time of enactment of the 「Military Personnel Management Act」(No. 1006 of the Law) on January 20, 1962, many problems have been pointed out in terms of improvement of human rights in the armed forces and supplementation work for the aforementioned is being made. First of all, through the revision of the 「Military Personnel Management Act」on April 28, 2006, specification of causes for disciplinary action on servicepersons that were comprehensively regulated, enhancement of guardhouse disposition for prevention of abuse of guardhouse disposition, introduction of military judicial officer system in charge of human rights for examining legality of guardhouse disposition의 legality, introduction of notice system for guardhouse disposition for relatives of prisoners and granting force for suspension of execution at the time of appealing against guardhouse disposition have been supplemented. And for the purpose of regulating matters necessary for disciplinary action on servicepersons in accordance with regulations from Article 56 through 61 of the「Military Personnel Management Act」, the 「Ordinance on the Disciplinary Action against Servicepersons」has been enacted and enforced from August 22, 2007, and Namok of Item 1 of Article 2 of the 「Enforcement Regulations of the Ordinance on the Disciplinary Action against Servicepersons」which was enacted on November 22, 2007 is concretely regulating detailed standards for weighing of disciplinary action against soldiers in its annex. And the 「Instructions on the Standards for Guardhouse Execution and Treatment of Prisoners in Guardhouse」has also been enacted and executed from February 14, 2011 to guarantee legality of guardhouse disposition and human rights of prisoners in the execution process of guardhouse by regulating standards and procedure of treatment for prisoners. Notwithstanding such improvement and efforts, however, problems of guardhouse disposition have continued to be raised and examples include violation of warrant requirement which is guaranteed in the Constitution in the terms of detaining without a warrant from a judge, violation of the principle of prohibition on cumulative penalties in the way that the period of detention in a guardhouse is not included in the term of military service, violation of the principle of statutory reservation in the way that installation of guardhouse is not based on the law and violation of the principle of proportionality in terms of detaining prisoners in a same place with convicts as well as pretrial detainees providing inferior treatment. Based on such a discussible situation, this manuscript analyzes the reality focusing on the present conditions and procedures of military guardhouse disposition, and aims to analyze problems focusing on the violation of warrant requirement, violation of due process and violation of equality based on the foregoing, and will finish discussion proposing lightning abolition of guardhouse disposition and suggesting a plan for diversification of disciplinary actions.

강간죄의 객체로서 "아내"의 인정 여부에 관한 소고

박찬걸 ( Chan Keol Park ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2009 법학논총 Vol.26 No.2

Korean has not admitted marital rape punishable conduct since 1970`s judgement of Supreme Court. In other words, The Korean jurisprudence has maintained the marital rape exemption even if Korean Penal Code itself does not provide any basis for the exemption. According to existing laws, rape by her husband is also punished at least 3 years imprisonment. And established theories also have denied coerced intercourse between husband and wife as crime. These case admitted only intimidation, coercion and violence. But coerced intercourse with serious violence by husband must be punished. After due consideration this point, recently judgement of Supreme Court and judgement of Bu-san district Court admitted martial rape. If nation does not intervene these serious criminal conducts, husbands rape his wife easy. Indeed marital rape by husband is occurred mostly under the same house. There is no rational basis for distinguishing between marital rape and non-marital rape. Marriage has never been viewed as giving a husband the right to coerced intercourse on demand. Certainly a marriage license should not be viewed as a license for a husband to forcibly rape his wife with impunity. A wife has the same right to control her own body as does an unmarried women. We need not established new act or provision marital rape, because present criminal act contains marital rape as crime. So through explanation of present criminal act`s `Bu-nyeo`, the rape by husband could be punished.

공소시효의 정지 ․ 연장 ․ 배제에 관한 최근의 논의

박찬걸(Park, Chan Keol) 대검찰청 2012 형사법의 신동향 Vol.0 No.34

공소시효제도가 본래 범인필벌의 요청과 법적 안정성의 요청 사이에 상반되는 이익에 대한 조정의 문제라고 하는 점에 비추어 볼 때, 소추기관이 실효적인 공소권을 행사할 수 없는 상황하에서는 특정 범죄에 대한 공소시효도 정지ㆍ연장ㆍ배제되는 것이라고 해석하는 것이 당위성에 합치되고 정의의 관념과 형평의 원칙에도 부합된다. 그리고, 공소시효를 정지ㆍ연장ㆍ배제하고자 하는 특례규정을 신설한 경우에도 반드시 지켜야 할 점은 당해 신설조항에 대한 소급효를 절대적으로 인정해서는 안 된다는 것이다. 즉 허용되지 않는 소급효의 범위에 대해서는 진정소급효 뿐만 아니라 부진정소급효도 포함되어야 한다. 공소시효제도는 비록 절차법인 형사소송법에 규정되어 있으나 그 실질은 국가형벌권의 소멸이라는 점에서 형의 시효와 마찬가지로 실체법적 성격을 갖고 있는 것이기 때문이다. 끝으로, 형사소송법상의 공소시효제도에 대한 예외적 규정을 특별법에 규정하는 방식은 문제가 있다고 보여진다. 우리나라의 경우 성폭력특례법과 청소년성보호법 등에서 공소시효제도에 대한 예외적 규정을 입법한 전례에서도 드러난 것처럼, 이러한 방식은 특정 사건이 발생했을 때 국민감정을 고려한 즉흥적인 강성형사정책의 일환으로 작용한 점을 부인할 수 없다. 그러므로 공소시효제도에 관한 일반법이라고 할 수 있는 형사소송법에 예외적인 규정을 두는 것이 보다 바람직하다. 만약 13세 미만의 여자 또는 장애인을 대상으로 하는 성범죄에 대한 공소시효 배제규정을 형사소송법에 입법화하고자 하려는 시도가 있었다면, 살인죄의 공소시효 배제가 이루어지지 않은 당시의 상황에서 아마도 법 개정작업이 순탄치 않았을 것이다. 이는 형사법의 전체법질서와 조화되기 어렵기 때문이다. 결론적으로 공소시효를 정지ㆍ연장ㆍ배제하는 예외적인 규정들은 피의자에게 불리한 조치이므로 보다 신중한 판단을 필요로하기 때문에 기본법의 개정 또는 신설을 통하는 방식이 가장 적합하다고 하겠다. Considering that the statute of limitations system is the issue of adjustment of conflicting interests between the requirement of judicial stability and the requirement of punishing criminals, interpreting that the statute of limitations on specific crime would be suspended, extended and excluded, when the prosecuting agency cannot exercise valid prosecuting right, agrees with the appropriateness and accords with the concept of justice and the principle of equity. In addition, if special law clauses had been added to suspend, extend and exclude the statute of limitations, it should be essentially kept that the retroactive effect on the relevant new articles should not be acknowledged without exception. In other words, both of true retroactive effect and non-true retroactive effect should be included in the scope of disallowed scope retroactive effect. The reason is that, though the statute of limitations system is defined in the Criminal Procedure Code, which is a procedural law, the substance of it has the nature of substantial law like the expiry of punitive action since it is the expiry of state’s right on punishing crime. As last, it is believed that adding exceptional clauses on the statute of limitations system from the Criminal Procedure to a special law is not desirable. In Korea, there were legislation precedents of exceptional clauses on the statute of limitations system in the Special Law on Sexual Violence and Law on Protecting Juveniles on Sexual Matters. As seen in such precedents, it cannot be denied that such legislations had been done as a part of impromptu rigid criminal policy in view of people’s feeling when certain event had occurred. Therefore, it is more desirable to have exceptional clauses in the Criminal Procedure Code, since it is the general law on the statute of limitations system. If there had been an attempt to legislate retroactive effect exclusion clause in the Criminal Procedure Code for the sex crime on disabled or 13 years old girl or younger, it is believed that the legislation work must have not been easy since the exclusion of retroactive effect on homicide had not been done. The reason is that it is difficult to be in harmony with overall judicial order in the Criminal Code. In conclusion, the exceptional clauses that suspend, extend and exclude the retroactive effect are disadvantageous to the suspects and they need more prudent judgment. Therefore, it is believed that revision of fundamental law or making new law would be more appropriate.

자유형에 대한 형집행정지제도의 문제점 및 개선방안

박찬걸(Park Chan-keol) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2016 형사정책연구 Vol.106 No.-