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정당은 유권자에게 얼마나 유의미한가?: 한국의 무당파층과 국회의원 총선거
박원호 ( Won Ho Park ),송정민 ( Jung Min Song ) 서울대학교 한국정치연구소 2012 韓國 政治 硏究 Vol.21 No.2
본 논문은 정당과의 일체감을 잃은 무당파층(independents)에 대한 고찰을 통하여 정당정치의 ``위기``라는 한국정치의 정치상황을 이해하려는 시도이다. 유권자내 정당(party-in-the-electorate)이라는 관점에서 한국의 정당을 바라보았을 때, 한국의 무당파층은 다음과 같은 특징을 지닌다. 첫째, 한국정치에서 무당파층이 양적으로 증가했다는 것은 경험적 근거가 취약하다. 둘째, 한국의 무당파층은 하나의 일괴암적 특성을 지니는 그룹이 아니라 정치적으로 소외된 비정치층(apolitical)에서부터 정치에는 여전히 관심을 가지고 있으면서도 정당에 대한 비판적 지지와 선택을 하는 의식적인 비당파(apartisan)층까지 분화되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 무당파층은 당파층에 비해 낮은 연령과 높은 학력, 이념적으로 진보이나 약한 이념강도, 낮은 선거관심도와 매우 낮은 선거참여 등으로 특징지어질 수 있다. 특히, 편향적인 무당파(leaning independents)층은 소득, 학력, 내적 효능감 등을 보았을 때 정치적인 자원은 가장 많이 보유하고 있으면서 정치적으로는 동원되지 않은 독특한 그룹이다. 넷째, 한국선거에서의 정당정치의 위기라는 것은 양적으로 무당파층이 증가하고 있다는 데 있는 것이 아니라, 이상과 같은 정치적 중간층이 선거로부터 이탈하고 있다는 점이다. 지난 19대 총선에서는 이러한 현상이 이전의 국회의원 총선거들에 비해 매우 심각하였으며, 특히 야권연대의 패배의 이면에는 이러한 무당파층의 이탈이 존재하고 있는 것으로 드러났다. This paper investigates the voting behavior of the independent voters in recent Korean general elections with an eye towards understanding the ongoing debate on the "crisis" of party politics in Korea. If parties exist in the mind of the voters, which exactly corresponds to V.O. Key`s idea of the party-in-the-electorate, and if parties are dying, we will first see it in the independents who have lost or are losing emotional attachment to the parties. We find the following: First, contrary to the popular belief, there is no evidence that indicates the increase in the total volume of the independent voters in the past decade. Second, it would be wrong to characterize the Korean independent voters as a monolithic group: the group consists of those with different shades of partisanship, from the "apolitical" to the "apartisan," from those entirely disengaged in politics to those who are just neutral and critical to parties. Third, the Korean independent voters can be characterized as: younger, educated, ideologically progressive but without strong commitment, little interest in elections, and most importantly, low turnout. Among them, the "leaners," i.e., independents with some partisan attachment, consist a unique group with the most political resources who are yet to be mobilized: they are at the highest end of income, education, and internal efficacy, yet with the lowest level of political participation and civic engagement. Fourth, the "crisis" of partisan politics in Korea is not about the increase in the total number of independent voters but about the detachment and "exit" of leaning independents from elections and politics: the recent 19th Korean National Assembly Election was a strong case in point, and it was one of the main reasons of the defeat of the "Opposite Alliance (Ya-kwon-Yundae)."
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박원호,김명진,최용준,김성주,Won-Ho Park,Myung-Jin Kim,Yong-Jun Choi,Sung-Joo Kim 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.7
Purpose: To investigate the incidence and importance of diagnosis of lacrimal sump syndrome after endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 837 eyes in 732 patients, (male 196, female 536) who had undergone endonasal DCR between January 2001 and June 2004. Dacryocystography (DCG) was performed in those patients who had recurrent epiphora or symptoms of dacryocystitis without saline regurgitation on syringing. Results: Among the 90 eyes (10.8%) who had recurrent epiphora after endonasal DCR, 8 eyes were diagnosed with lacrimal sump syndrome and this comprised 8.9% of the causes of DCR failure. Conclusions: Lacrimal sump syndrome should be considered in the case of patients with recurrent epiphora. However, normal syringing finding after endonasal DCR, and revision may relieve the patients’s symptom.
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박원호(Park Won-ho) 고려사학회 2009 한국사학보 Vol.- No.34
Korean history has come a long way by overcoming the colonial history through "intrinsic development theory" since 1960's. It is now high time that the objective Korean history should be outlined that is compatible with those of surrounding far eastern countries, a framework that is not uni-nation but globally oriented. Korean history is not very suitable for direct linkage to the world history, so the need for the "East Asian History" is shared among schools of researchers. The geographical boundaries may vary, with the minimum including entities sharing literary Chinese. The East Asian History has long been centered on Chinese history to an extreme extent. To achieve the new framework, one would need fresh approach to "China" from the historical point of view, and long-neglected description on Northern tribes should be included with due weight. By placing Korean history, free from one-nation oriented perspectives, one should rewrite "Korean history as a part of East Asian History." Drawing Korean history as a part of East Asian one is not the process of dissolving Korean into East Asian, but of emphasizing the uniqueness of it. Recently one observes the emergence, among western researchers, of global or transnational history, which is outside the scope of foundation of modern history, namely the national history. With the scope for the transnational history that recognizes "national" while emphasizing the "trans-national" perspective, we should upgrade our history from "national" to large framework. East Asian as a part of the global and korean as the part of East Asian history.
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포스너-슐로스만 증후군 환자에서 녹내장 발생의 임상 요인
박원호,정윤석,한계숙,손용호.Won-Ho Park. M.D.. Yoon-Suk Jung. M.D.. Kye-Sook Han. M.D.. Yong-Ho Sohn. M.D. 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.4
Purpose: To determine the factors that affect glaucomatous change and the clinical course of patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 52 eyes of 51 patients who had been diagnosed with Posner-Schossman syndrome between January 1995 and June 2003 was performed. We analysed the factors by the age of onset, the duration of disease, the number of attacks, the highest intraocular pressure, the cup/disc ratio of affected eye and unaffected fellow eye during attacks, and visual field change. Results: Twelve (23.1%) of 52 eyes revealed significant glaucomatous change. The number of attacks showed statistically significant difference between the two groups who had developed glaucoma and who had not (P=0.021). But the age of onset, the duration of disease, and the highest intraocular pressure during attack did not show statistically significant difference (P>0.1). Conclusions: From this study, we observed that the only factor influencing glaucomatous change in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome was the number of attacks. So in case of recurrent attacks, close observation and aggressive treatment is mandatory.
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