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신주연,임종한,박신구,이지나,장미,허청송,강대희,홍윤철,Shin, Joo-Youn,Lim, Jong-Han,Park, Sin-Goo,Lee, Jee-Na,Jang, Mi,Huh, Chung-Song,Kang, Dae-Hee,Hong, Yun-Chul 대한예방의학회 2004 예방의학회지 Vol.37 No.3
Objectives : This study was performed to examine the influence of smoking on the blood cadmium concentration in university students. Methods : The study included 300 university students. A questionnaire interview was used to collect data. The urine cotinine and blood cadmium levels were measured as biological exposure indices. The data were analyzed using t-tests ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results : The median value of blood cadmium concentration was equal in both males and females ($0.8{\mu}g/l$). This level was relatively low in comparison with the reference value suggested by WHO (2001). ANCOVA showed that smoking related variables, urine cotinine and smoking amount, were significantly associated with the blood cadmium level (P=0.004, 0.015). However, the values with regard to traffic related air pollution were not significantly associated with the blood cadmium level. Conclusions : Smoking is an important source of nonoccupational cadmium exposure in young people. The Blood cadmium level is at least 10% higher in active smokers than in passive or nonsmokers. The level of urine cotinine can be used as an indicator of non-occupational exposure of respirable cadmium due to smoking, as there is a good correlation bestween smoking amount and the urine cotinine level.
김덕인 ( Deok In Kim ),김형렬 ( Hyoung Ryoul Kim ),박해심 ( Hae Sim Park ),박신구 ( Sin Gu Park ),임종한 ( Jong Han Leem ),노재훈 ( Jae Hoon Roh ),김정구 ( Jeong Goo Kim ),윤병갑 ( Byeong Kab Yoon ),김철우 ( Cheol Woo Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2005 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.25 No.4
Background: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is known to be the most common cause of occupational asthma (OA) in Korea. Although TDI can elicit humoral immune responses including specific-IgE (sIgE) and specific-IgG (sIgG) responses, the exact role of these immune responses has not been clearly clarified yet. Objective: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of TDI-induced OA, and to evaluate the clinical significance of TDI-related humoral immune responses in currently TDI-exposed workers. Method: Questionnaire interview for respiratory symptoms was conducted to 170 workers with direct exposure to TDI (exposed group). After screening survey, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for methacholine and TDI bronchial provocation tests (BPTs). Serum sIgG and sIgE antibodies to TDI-HSA conjugate, and sIgG to cytokeratin (CK) 8, 18, and 19 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 170 exposed workers, and compared with 61 unexposed workers in the same workplace (unexposed group) and 75 unexposed healthy controls(healthy control group). Result: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained symptoms of OA, and 7 of 11 symptomatic workers showed positive airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (4.1%). One worker with spray-painting job was confirmed as having TDI-induced asthma by showing positive responses to both methacholine and TDI BPTs. The prevalence of sIgG to TDI-HSA conjugate was significantly higher in TDI-exposed workers (10.1%) than in unexposed workers (0%) and healthy control (2.7%). However, no significant difference was noted between symptomatic (18.2%) and asymptomatic workers (9.5%) among the exposed group. The prevalences of sIgE to TDI-HSA conjugate and sIgG to CK 8, 18, 19 were not significantly different between the three groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of TDI-induced OA was noted to 0.58% in the current working environments. The clinical significance of TDI-induced humoral immune responses may be clarified by further prospective studies. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;25:276-283)