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      • 학술논문 5 : 제4세대 전쟁 이론에 대한 검토

        김종형 ( Jong Hyung Kim ),박병수 ( Byeong Soo Park ) 한국군사학회 2016 군사논단 Vol.85 No.-

        Proponents of Fourth-Generation Warfare criticized military operations of U.S. in Iraq and Afghanistan, saying that the approach of U.S. was founded on the traditional third generation warfare focusing on massive and high-tech based intelligence. They argue that the evolution of warfare reflects technical, political, economic and social development, and that today`s war is evolving to a new generation in which state`s monopoly on war wanes and non-state entities rise. They insist that, such non-state warriors including insurgents and global terrorists will be main actors of war in the future, and that it will be critical to struggle for men`s minds in winning a war. As the Iraqi war demonstrated, their argument that future wars will be characterized by non-state actors, little distinction between war and peace, non-military values including culture and religion, and various communication methods, was highly persuasive. Fourth-Generation Warfare, defined by William S. Lind and Thomas X. Hammes, can be described as new kind of irregular asymmetric warfare in the 21st Century. Nowaday, there are so many criticisms and arguments about the new warfare. So this study concentrate on reviewing the origin and characteristic of Fourth-Generation Warfare theoretically. It can be helped to understand what it is.

      • 전자선 치료 시 Bolus를 적용한 경우 표면선량의 Treatment Planning System(TPS) 계산 값과 실제 측정값의 비교

        김병수,박주영,박병석,송용민,박병수,송기원,Kim, Byeong Soo,Park, Ju Young,Park, Byoung Suk,Song, Yong Min,Park, Byung Soo,Song, Ki Weon 대한방사선치료학회 2014 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

        목 적 : 표재성 종양 치료를 위하여 선택한 전자선은 bolus와 동시에 사용할 경우 표면선량에 급격한 변화를 보이게 되며 이는 치료결과의 중요한 변수로 작용할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 전자선 치료에서 bolus가 적용될 경우 표면선량을 좌우할 수 있는 4 가지 변수에 따른 치료계획시스템(Treatment Planning System, TPS)의 표면선량 계산 값과 실제 측정값을 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 치료계획시스템(Pinnacle 9.2, philips, USA)과 실제 측정값을 비교하기 위하여 실제 치료 시 주로 발생되는 4가지 변수(A: bolus 두께 - 3, 5, 10 mm, B: 조사야 크기 - $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$, C: 에너지 - 6, 9, 12 MeV, D: 겐트리 각도 - 0, $15^{\circ}$)를 설정하였다. 16 cm 두께의 solid water phantom을 이용하여 bolus(Action Products, USA) 없이 전산화단층촬영(lightspeed ultra 16, General Electric, USA)을 시행하였고 치료 계획은 TPS 상에서 각각 3, 5, 10 mm bolus를 생성하여 A, B, C, D를 조합한 총 54개의 beam으로 계획하였다. 이때 SSD 100 cm, 300 MU를 조사하였고 TPS와 실제 측정값을 비교 분석하기 위해 EBT3 film(International Specialty Products, NJ, USA)을 이용해 iso-center에 위치시켜 2회 반복 측정하였다. 측정된 film은 디지털 평판 스캐너(Expression 10000XL, EPSON, USA)와 선량 농도 분석시스템(Complete Version 6.1, RIT, USA)을 사용하여 각각의 평균값과 표준편차 값으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : bolus 두께에 따른 값은 3, 5, 10 mm에서 실제 측정된 값이 TPS의 계산 값보다 각각 101.41%, 99.58%, 101.28%, 표준편차는 각각 0.0219, 0.0115, 0.0190 으로 나타났다. 조사야 크기에 따른 실제 측정값은 $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$ 각각 계산 값에 비해 99.63%, 101.40%, 101.24%, 표준편차는 0.0138, 0.0176, 0.0220 으로 나타났다. 에너지에 따른 값은 상대적으로 6, 9, 12 MeV 각각 99.72%, 100.60%, 101.96%, 표준편차는 0.0200, 0.0160, 0.0164로 나타났다. 빔 각도에 따른 실제 측정값은 계산된 값에 비하여 0, $15^{\circ}$에서 각각 100.45%, 101.07%, 표준편차는 0.0199, 0.0190 으로써 $15^{\circ}$에서 $0^{\circ}$보다 0.62% 높게 측정되었다. 결 론 : 본 논문에서 사용한 변수에 따른 계산 값과 측정값을 분석한 결과 5 mm bolus, $6{\time}6cm2$ 조사야, 저 에너지 전자선, $0^{\circ}$ 겐트리 각도에서 TPS로 계산한 값이 측정값에 더 가까웠지만 다른 변수를 적용한 비교에서도 최대 2% 오차범위 내에 포함되는 결과를 보였다. 전자선과 bolus를 동시에 사용하는 경우 본 논문에서 선택된 변수의 범위를 벗어난다면 각각의 변수에 따라 실제 측정값이 TPS와 달라질 수 있기 때문에 정확한 표면선량에 대한 QA를 반드시 실시해야 한다. Purpose : If electron, chosen for superficial oncotherapy, was applied with bolus, it could work as an important factor to a therapy result by showing a drastic change in surface dose. Hence the calculation value and the actual measurement value of surface dose of Treatment Planning System (TPS) according to four variables influencing surface dose when using bolus on an electron therapy were compared and analyzed in this paper. Materials and Methods : Four variables which frequently occur during the actual therapies (A: bolus thickness - 3, 5, 10 mm, B: field size - $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$, C: energy - 6, 9, 12 MeV, D: gantry angle - $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$) were set to compare the actual measurement value with TPS(Pinnacle 9.2, philips, USA). A computed tomography (lightspeed ultra 16, General Electric, USA) was performed using 16 cm-thick solid water phantom without bolus and total 54 beams where A, B, C, and D were combined after creating 3, 5 and 10 mm bolus on TPS were planned for a therapy. At this moment SSD 100 cm, 300 MU was investigated and measured twice repeatedly by placing it on iso-center by using EBT3 film(International Specialty Products, NJ, USA) to compare and analyze the actual measurement value and TPS. Measured film was analyzed with each average value and standard deviation value using digital flat bed scanner (Expression 10000XL, EPSON, USA) and dose density analyzing system (Complete Version 6.1, RIT, USA). Results : For the values according to the thickness of bolus, the actual measured values for 3, 5 and 10 mm were 101.41%, 99.58% and 101.28% higher respectively than the calculation values of TPS and the standard deviations were 0.0219, 0.0115 and 0.0190 respectively. The actual values according to the field size were $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$ and $15{\time}15cm2$ which were 99.63%, 101.40% and 101.24% higher respectively than the calculation values and the standard deviations were 0.0138, 0.0176 and 0.0220. The values according to energy were 6, 9, and 12 MeV which were 99.72%, 100.60% and 101.96% higher respectively and the standard deviations were 0.0200, 0.0160 and 0.0164. The actual measurement value according to beam angle were measured 100.45% and 101.07% higher at $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ respectively and standard deviations were 0.0199 and 0.0190 so they were measured 0.62% higher at $15^{\circ}$ than $0^{\circ}$. Conclusion : As a result of analyzing the calculation value of TPS and measurement value according to the used variables in this paper, the values calculated with TPS on 5 mm bolus, $6{\time}6cm2$ field size and low-energy electron at $0^{\circ}$ gantry angle were closer to the measured values, however, it showed a modest difference within the error bound of maximum 2%. If it was beyond the bounds of variables selected in this paper using electron and bolus simultaneously, the actual measurement value could differ from TPS according to each variable, therefore QA for the accurate surface dose would have to be performed.

      • 야지특수차량용 인터액슬 드라이브 유닛 개발

        이성근(Sung-Geun Lee),박정현(Jeong-Hyeon Park),편영식(Young-Sik Pyoun),박병수(Byeong-Soo Park),조길수(Gil-Su Cho) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11

        Inter-axle drive for off-road heavy duty special vehicles are usually produced by only a few specialized companies. The special techniques, such as designing, producing, testing techniques has been unveiled. The test of durability with the vehicle in which is installed a prototype taking several years is required for setting the designing parameters. In the research, the designing specification and the testing methods are found out from the bench marking of the inter-axle drive unit for independent suspension type off-road heavy duty special vehicles. Also the prototype is developed from designing and testing the design with the CAD and CAE tools. As a result, the process and testing methods studied in this research are useful in the development of power train.

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