말초동맥 질환의 통계적 고찰

박대양(Dae Yang Park),곽진영(Jin Young Kwak) 대한외과학회 1985 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.29 No.5

반탄화 낙엽송 및 백합나무 칩으로 제조한 펠릿의 현미경 관찰과 펠릿의 내구성에 대한 바인더의 영향

박대학 ( Dae Hak Park ),안병준 ( Byung Jun Ahn ),김상태 ( Sang Tae Kim ),이재원 ( Jae Won Lee ),한규성 ( Gyu Seong Han ),양인 ( In Yang ) 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.53 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of several variables on the durability of wood pellets fabricated with torrefied larch (LAR) and tulip tree (TUT) chips. Microscopic observation by scanning electron microscope- energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer was also performed to identify the surface of the wood pellets visually. In addition, torrefied-LAR and TUT pellets were fabricated with the addition of moisture, lignin, starch and protein as binders, and durabilities of the pellets were analyzed statistically. Durabilities of torrefied-LAR and TUT pellets were lower than one of non-torrefied-LAR and TUT pellets. Durabilities of both pellets fabricated with the wood chips, whichwere torrefied with 230 oC and 30 min, were the highest among all torrefaction conditions used in this study. From the microscopic observations, lignin was distributed broadly on the surface of non-torrefied wood pellets, whereas congregated partially on the surface of torrefied wood pellets. Durability of LAR pellets increased with the addition of moisture, but that of TUT pellets was reduced. Addition of binders contributed to increase the durability of LAR and TUT pellets. As a binder, lignin and protein were more effective than starch for improving the durability. In conclusion, mild torrefaction treatment, such as 230 oC and 30 min, might be an optimal condition to minimize the durability reduction of the LAR and TUT pellets. In addition, when torrefied woody materials with high and low specific gravities are used as a raw material for the production of durable wood pellets, it might be required to adjust moisture content and torrefaction conditions of woody materials, respectively.

도계부산물인 닭털을 이용한 목재접착제의 내수성 평가

박대학 ( Dae-hak Park ),양인 ( In Yang ),최원실 ( Won-sil Choi ),오세창 ( Sei Chang Oh ),안동욱 ( Dong-uk Ahn ),한규성 ( Gyu-seong Han ) 한국목재공학회 2017 목재공학 Vol.45 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of chicken feather (CF), which is a by-product in poultry in-dustry, as a raw material of wood adhesives. For the purpose, adhesive resins were formulated with NaOH- and H₂SO₄-hydrolyzed CF as well as crosslinkers, and then the properties and water resistance of the adhesive resins against hot water were measured. CF was made of mainly keratin-type protein, and no or very low content of heavy metals was detected. Hydrolysis rate of CF increased as NaOH concentration in hydrolysis solutions increased. However, in order to minimize the loss of adhesive property of protein itself by the severe hydrolysis of CF and to seek its proper hydrolysis conditions, NaOH concentrations in hydrolysis solution determined to adjust to 5%, 7.5% and 10%. In the NaOH-hydrolyzed CF, H₂SO₄-hydrolyzed CF as a hardener and crosslinker were added to for-mulate CF-based adhesive resins. Solid content of the resins ranged from 28.3% to 44.8% depending on hydrolysis conditions and type of crosslinker. Viscosity of the resins at 25℃ was very high. However, when the temperature of the resins was increased to 50℃, the viscosity decreased greatly and thus the resins could be applied as a sprayable resin. Retention rate measured to evaluate the water resistance of adhesive resins was the highest in the cured resin formulated with 5% NaOH-hydrolyzed CF and 5% H₂SO₄-hydrolyzed CF of 10% based on the solid weight as a hardener. Retention rate depending on crosslinkers added into adhesive resins was the highest phenol-formaldehyde (PF) followed by melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) and formalin. The retention rate of CF-based adhesives formulated with 5% NaOH-hydrolyzed CF, PF and H₂SO₄-hydrolyzed CF of 10% and over did not differ statistically from that of commercial MUF resins. All of CF-based adhesives formulated with PF as a crosslinker and one with 5% NaOH-hydrolyzed CF of 55%, 5% H₂SO₄-hydrolyzed CF of 15%, and MUF of 30% on the basis of solid weight could be substituted for commercial urea-formaldehyde resins, From the results, CF can be used as a raw material of wood adhesives if hydrolyzed in proper conditions.

목질 섬유판 제조에 있어 도계부산물인 닭털의 목섬유 부분적 대체화 탐색

양인,박대학,최원실,오세창,안동욱,한규성,오승원,Yang, In,Park, Dae-Hak,Choi, Won-Sil,Oh, Sei Chang,Ahn, Dong-uk,Han, Gyu-Seong,Oh, Seung Won 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.56 No.4

본 연구는 목질계 섬유판 제조에 있어 목섬유에 대한 도계부산물인 닭털의 부분적 대체화 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 수행하였다. 닭털은 주로 케라틴계 단백질로 구성되어 있으며, 외형적으로 목섬유와 큰 차이는 없었다. 닭털의 전처리 방법에 따른 포름알데히드 흡착능을 비교한 결과, 닭털을 고온/고압에서 처리하고 분쇄한 우모분에서 가장 높았다. 한편 일반 가위로 절단한 닭털과 이를 가정용 믹서로 고해시킨 닭털의 폼알데히드 흡착량을 dinitrophenylhydrazine법으로 측정한 결과 차이는 없었다. 닭털, 고해 닭털, 우모분을 각각 목섬유의 전건무게를 기준으로 5 wt%로 혼합하여 제조한 중밀도섬유판(MDF)의 물성과 폼알데히드방출량은 닭털의 전처리 조건에 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 이 측정치를 목섬유만으로 제조한 MDF와 비교하였을 때, 두께팽윤율과 폼알데히드방출량은 크게 개선되었다. 따라서 현재 생산 현장에서 적용되고 있는 요소수지를 이용한 MDF 제조에 있어 목섬유와 함께 일정한 양의 닭털, 고해 닭털 또는 우모분을 첨가할 경우 치수안전성과 폼알데히드방출량이 개선된 MDF의 제조가 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 MDF제조에 있어 닭털의 사용은 현재 상황에서 목섬유와 비교하여 원료 확보의 어려움과 높은 단가로 경제성이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 경제성 향상을 위하여 중소형 도계장에서 발생하는 닭털을 이용하거나, 동물성 사료의 금지에 대한 대비책 및 인플루엔자 감염 조류에 대한 환경적 처리 방안으로 닭털의 섬유판 원료에 대한 부분적 대체화 기술은 향후 사용 가능성이 충분할 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of chicken feather (CF), which is a by-product in poultry industry, as a partial substitute of wood fiber in the production of wood-based fiberboard. Keratin-type protein constituted the majority of CF, and its appearance did not differ from that of wood fiber. When the formaldehyde (HCHO) adsorptivities of CF compared by its pretreatment type, feather meal (FM), which was pretreated CF with high temperature and pressure and then grounded, showed the highest HCHO adsorptivity. In addition, there was no difference between the adsorbed HCHO amounts, which was measured by dinitrophenylhydrazine method, of scissors-chopped CF and CF beated with an electrical blender. Mechanical properties and HCHO emission of medium-density fiberboards (MDF), which were fabricated with wood fiber and 5 wt% CF, beated CF or FM based on the oven-dried weight of wood fiber, were not influenced by the pretreatment type of CF. However, when the values compared with those of MDF made with just wood fiber, thickness swelling and HCHO emission of the MDF were improved greatly with the addition of CF, beated CF or FM. Based on the results, it might be possible to produce MDF with improved dimensional stability and low HCHO emission if CF, beated CF or FM is added partially as a substitute of wood fiber in the manufacturing process of MDF produced with the conventional urea-formaldehyde resin of $E_1$ grade. However, the use of CF or FM in the production of MDF has a low economic feasibility at the current situation due to the securing difficulty and high cost of CF. In order to enhance the economic feasibility, it requires to use CF produced at small to medium-sized chicken meat plants. More importantly, it is considered that the technology developed from this research has a great potential to make provision for the prohibition of animal-based feed and to dispose environmentally avian influenza-infected poultry.

닭털로 제조한 접착제의 반응기작 및 경화 특성과 이를 이용하여 제조한 중밀도섬유판의 접착 특성

양인 ( In Yang ),박대학 ( Dae-hak Park ),최원실 ( Won-sil Choi ),오세창 ( Sei Chang Oh ),안동욱 ( Dong-uk Ahn ),한규성 ( Gyu-seong Han ) 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.55 No.3

In this study, reaction mechanism and curing characteristics of adhesives formulated with NaOH- and H₂SO₄-hydrolyzed chicken feather (CF) and formaldehyde-based crosslinkers were investigated by FT-IR and DSC. In addition, adhesive properties and formaldehyde emission of medium-density fiberboards (MDF) applied with the adhesives were measured. CF-based adhesives having a solid content of 40% and over were very viscous at 25 °C, but the viscosity reduced to 300~660 m·Pa·s at 50 °C. Consequently, the adhesives could be used as a sprayable resin. Through the FT-IR spectra of liquid and cured CF-based adhesives, addition reaction of methylol group and condensation reaction between the functional groups with the use of formaldehyde-based crosslinkers were identified. From the analysis of DSC, it was elucidated for CF-based adhesives to require a higher pressing temperature or longer pressing time comparing to commercial urea-formaldehyde (C-UF) resin. MDF bonded with CF-based adhesives, which was formulated with 5% NaOH-hydrolyzed CF (CF-AK-5%) and PF of formaldehyde to phenol mole ratio of 2.5 (PF-2.5), and pressed for 8 min had higher MOR and IB than those with other CF-based adhesives. MOR and IB of MDF bonded with the CFbased adhesives regardless of formulation type and pressing time were higher than those with C-UF resin. When the values compared with the minimum requirements of KS standard, IB exceeded the KS standard in all formulations and pressing time, but MOR of only MDF bonded with CF-AK-5% and PF-2.5 and pressed for 8 min satisfied the KS standard. What was worse, 24-TS of MDF bonded with all CF-based adhesives did not satisfied the KS standard. However, MOR and 24-TS can be improved by increasing the target density of MDF or the amount of wax emulsion, which is added to improve the water resistance of MDF. Importantly, the use of CF-based adhesives decreased greatly the formaldehyde emission. Based on the results, we reached the conclusion that CF-based adhesives formulated under proper conditions had a potential as a sprayable resin for the production of wood panels.

자료(資料) : 1984년도(年度) 추잠기(秋蠶期) 잠병발생(蠶病發生) 실태조사(實態調査)

채수군 ( Soo Kun Chae ),박대양 ( Dae Yang Park ),조세연 ( Sea Yun Cho ),이길재 ( Kil Jae Lee ) 한국잠사학회 1984 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.26 No.2

전국 621개 양잠시범부락의 84가을 누에병 발생율과 그 원인을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 누에 사육 기간 중 누에병 발생율은 약 17%이었다. 2. 누에병 종류별 발생율은 농병(38.5%), 경화병(20.3%), 연화병(17.9%) 및 쉬파리병(9.4%)의 순이었다. 3. 누에병은 종잠기보다 장잠기 이후에 주로 발생하였다. 4. 누에병 발생의 주원인은 기상환경불량, 농약피해 및 소독불량이었고, 엽질불량, 사육기술부족 및 공해는 큰 문제가 되지 않았다. The survey of silkworm disease occurrence in autumn rearing season, 1984, was carried out and the results are as follows. 1. The percentage of diseased larvae in the current season was about 17%. 2. Among silkworm diseases, grassarie was predominant, as it took 38.5% of total diseased larvae, followed by muscardine which took 20.3% and flacherie was taken by 11.9% 3. The infection of silkworm larvae with pathogens occurred more at grown larva stages than at young larva stages. 4. The loss of cocoon yield was mainly caused by unsuitable climate conditions and agricultural insecticides applied in the rice paddy fields and fruit gardens near mulberry fields. The cocoon production also was reduced by the failure of silkworm disease control due to the incomplete disinfection of rearing rooms and tools.

서울특별시 노인전문병원 - 우일종합건축사사무소 + (주)에이텍종합건축사사무소 + 한양대학교

이규창(Lee, Kyu-chang),박대식(Park, Dae-seek),김철수(Kim, Chul-soo),김상길(Kim, Sang-gil),양내원(Yang, Nae-won) 현대건축사 2007 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.100

낙엽송재의 화학적 조성 및 연료적 특성에 대한 반탄화 조건의 영향

김상태 ( Sang Tae Kim ),이재정 ( Jae Jung Lee ),박대학 ( Dae Hak Park ),양인 ( In Yang ),한규성 ( Gyu Seong Han ),안병준 ( Byoung Jun Ahn ) 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of torrefied larch wood as a raw material of pellets. First of all, larch chip was torrefied at the temperatures of 230, 250 and 270℃ for 30, 50 and 70 min. Secondly, moisture content, moisture absorption, higher heating value and ash content of the torrefied chip were measured to examine the effects of torrefaction conditions on the fuel characteristics of larch. Thirdly, surfaces of the torrefied chip were observed by light microscope (LM), field emission scanning microscope (FE-SEM) and SEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDXS). With the increases of torrefied temperature and time, contents of lignin increased and those of hemicellulose reduced. Moisture content of torrefied larch chip was greatly lower than that of non-torrefied chip. Moisture absorption of the torrefied chip decreased as torrefaction temperature increased. As torrefaction temperature increased, higher heating value and ash content of larch chip increased. However, durability of torrefied-larch pellets was remarkably lower comparing to non-torrefied-larch pellets. When surface of larch chip was observed by LM and FE-SEM, surface color and cell wall of the chip was getting darker and more collapsed with the increases of torrefaction conditions. Through the analysis of SEM-EDXS, distribution and quantity of lignin existing on the surface of larch chip increased with the increases of torrefied conditions. In conclusion, 270℃/50 min might be an optimal condition for the torrefaction of larch with the aspect of fuel characteristics, but torrefaction condition of 230℃/30 min should be considered according to the durability of torrefied-larch pellets.

野外昆蟲에 寄生하는 微胞子蟲類에 대하여

蔡洙根,朴大陽,趙世衍,長大洙 한국잠사학회 1986 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Silkworms have been found cross infected with other microsporidia of insects in mulberry trees, forest and fruit gardens. Even the unidentified microsporidian species were not seriously pathogenic to silkworms, the silkworm egg producers lose their profit because of the elimination of eggs laid from moths which are infected with any kind of microsporidian species. Recently, the microsporidian cross infection to silkworm is in tendency of increase and the authors have investigated the field insects to examine the microsporidia. The number of species of insects infected with microsporidia was 10 and they were Boellcherisca peregrina (Rebineau-Desvoidy), Apis melifera Linnacus, Artogenia rapae Linnacus, Tipula aino Alexander, Altica caeruleseens (Baly), Anomela daimiana Harold, Eilema griseola (Hubner), Rbalbistylun speciosum Uller, Anisodactylus signatus Illiger, Oulema oryzae (Kuwayama). From the Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy), three different species of microsporidia were isolated and the microsporidia isolated from Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Apis melifera Linnacus, Artogenia rapae Linnacus donot have infectivity to inflectivity to silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori L.

말초동맥 질환의 통계적 고찰

곽진영,박대양 대한혈관외과학회 1987 Vascular Specialist International Vol.3 No.1

This report is a statistical review of 116 cases of peripheral arterial disease, who were admitted and treated at Han- Yang University Hospital between May 1972 and Dec. 1983. We obtained following results: 1) The incidence of peripheral arterial disease were as follows that: Buergers disease was in 52 cases (44.8%), Chronic arterial occlusion was in 26 cases (22.4%), Acute arterial occlusion was in 20 cases (17.2%) and Aneurysm was in 18 cases (15.5%), each. 2) Among 52 cases of Buergers disease, male and female ratio was 25 to 1 and peak incidence of age was between 30-40 year of age. 3) The farmer was the first ranked occupation of these patients of Buergers disease, Which was composed of 24 cases (46.2%). It was less than one year that more than half of these cases had duration of disease. 4) 14 cases of patients of Buergers disease had experienced operative treatment previously and 48 cases of patients of Buergers disease were habitual smoker. 5) The most common symptom of Buergers disease was pain in extermity and gangrene, coldness, claudication were in order of frequency. 6) In all cases of Buergers disease, it was involved in the lower extremities and it was shown that anterior and posterior tibial arteries were the common sites of occlusion on angiography. 7) Lumbar sympathetomy was performed in 24 cases of Buergers disease and amputation was performed in 12 cases. 8) The average age of chronic arterial occlusion was 52.4 year of age and it was less than one year that half of this cases has the duration of disease. The common symptom of chronic arterial occlusion was claudication in 19 cases (73.1%), rest pain in 6 cases (23.1%), etc. 9) In patients of chronic arterial occlusion, they had hypertension in 13 cases (50%), diabetes mellitus in 7 cases (26.9%), cerebrovascular accident in 6 cases (23.1%) in their past history. And on angiography, the common sites of occlusion were femoral artery in 9 cases and multiple arterial stenosis in 10 cases, etc. 10) Thrombo-endarterectomy with lumbar sympathectomy and bypass graft with prosthesis were performed in two cases and nine cases, each, in chronic arterial occlusion that showed good results. 11) The age of peak incidence of acute arterial occlusion was 40 year of age (40%) and most common symptom were pain in extremity (85%) coldness, skin discoloration, edema, abdominal pain in order of frequency. 12) The etiologic factors of acute arterial occlusion was mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation in 8 cases (40%), myocarial ischemia in 7 cases (35%), and only mitral stenosis in 4 cases (25%). 13) The embolectomy was performed in 13 cases (65%) in acute arterial occlusion. 14) The average age of aneurysm was 53 year of age and male and female sex ratio was 2:1 and etiologic factor of aneurysm was atherosclerosis in 11 cases (61.1%). 15) The most common symptom and sign of abdominal aneurysm was abdominal tenderness and palpable of pulsating abodominal mass in 6 cases (44.5%). 16) End to end anastomosis with Teflon Y-graft and Dacron graft was performed in 9 cases in aneurysm.