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한국형 소프트웨어를 이용한 유류.중금속 복합오염지역의 인체위해성평가 및 RBCA Tool Kit과의 비교분석
남택우,류혜림,김영진,고석오,백기태,남경필,Nam, Taek-Woo,Ryu, Hye-Rim,Kim, Young-Jin,Ko, Seok-Oh,Baek, Ki-Tae,Nam, Kyoung-Phile 한국지하수토양환경학회 2011 지하수토양환경 Vol.16 No.1
By using a newly developed Korean risk-based corrective action (K-RBCA) software (K-RBCA) and the RBCA Tool Kit, risk assessment was performed on a site that was contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Eight chemicals including benzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, naphthalene, benz(a) anthracene, benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(a) pyrene, and arsenic that exceeded the US EPA Soil Screening Level were chosen as the target pollutants. A conceptual site model was constructed based on the site-specific effective exposure pathways. According to the RBCA Tool Kit the carcinogenic risk of arsenic was larger than $10^{-6}$, which is the generally acceptable carcinogenic risk level. The K-RBCA estimated the same level of carcinogenic risk for arsenic. With the RBCA Tool Kit, the carcinogenic risk of benzo(a) pyrene was estimated to be about $1.3{\times}10^{-6}$. However, with the K-RBCA benzo(a) pyrene did not exhibit any risk. The inconsistency between the softwares was attributed to the different fundamental settings (i.e., medium division) between the two softwares. While the K-RBCA divides medium into surface soil, subsurface soil, and groundwater, the RBCA Tool Kit divides medium into only soil and groundwater. These differences lead to the different exposure pathways used by the two softwares. The K-RBCA considers the exposure pathways in surface soil and subsurface soil separately to estimate risk, however, the RBCA Tool Kit considers the surface soil and subsurface soil as one and uses the integrated exposure pathways to estimate risk. Thus the resulting risk is higher when the RBCA Tool Kit is used than when the K-RBCA is used. The results from this study show that there is no significant difference in the risks estimated by the two softwares, thus, it is reasonable to use the K-RBCA we developed in risk assessment of soil and groundwater. In addition, the present study demonstrates that the assessor should be familiar with the characteristics of a contaminated site and the assumptions used by a risk assessment software when carrying out risk assessment.
폭음에 대한 한 가지 질문을 통한 문제 음주자 선별의 유용성 검토
남택우,김종성,김성수,강동수,정진규,현영훈,조규철 대한가정의학회 2009 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.30 No.10
Background: This study was done to validate the three single questions about binge drinking for identifying problem drinkers. Methods: Two hundred sixty-one patients (133 men) were interviewed by family physicians for the presence of problem drinking which was defi ned as at-risk drinking or alcohol use disorders according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) guideline and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. The three single questions (the largest amount of drinking in a day; days of drinking 1.5 bottle [1 bottle in women] or more of Soju [Korean alcoholic beverage, 56 g of alcohol/bottle]; and days of getting drunk during the recent 3 months) were validated against the interview results. Results: Among 261 interviewees, 31.4% were at-risk drinkers, 30.2% had a current alcohol use disorder, and 36.8% had either or both conditions. The fi rst question, considering 4 drinks or more for men and 3 drinks or more for women as positive, showed a sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 75.0% in men, and 86.6% and 86.7% in women, respectively. The second question with cut-point of 1 in both gender showed 81.3% and 86.5% in men, respectively and 80.0% and 89.4%, respectively in women. The third question with cut-point of 3 in both gender showed 61.7% and 92.3% in men, respectively and 46.7% and 91.2%, respectively in women. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of the fi rst question was 0.937 in men and 0.970 in women, for the second question, 0.906 and 0.915, and for the third question, 0.768 and 0.764, respectively. Conclusions: The first question (the largest amount of drinking in a day during the recent 3 months) and the second question (days of drinking 1.5 bottle [1 bottle in women] or more of Soju during the recent 3 months) were considered useful in detecting problem drinkers. 연구배경: 본 연구는 폭음관련 한 가지 질문을 통해서 문제 음주자 선별에의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 261명의 남녀를 대상으로 하여 가정의가 면담을 통하 여 문제음주 여부를 확인하였다. 문제음주는 위험음주 또는 알코올 사용장애로 정의하였고 National Alcohol Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse 가이드라인과 DSM-IV TR을 기 준으로 하였다. 폭음관련 질문에 대한 3가지 예로 “지난 3개월 이내에 가장 많이 술을 마신 양은 얼마입니까?”, “지난 3개월 동안 하루에 1.5병(여자-1병) 이상 마신 적이 몇 번이나 있습 니까?”, “보통 1주일에 몇 번이나 술에 취하세요?”라는 질문을 하였다. 문제음주여부에 대한 면담 결과를 기준으로 폭음관 련 질문들의 문제 음주자 선별에의 유용성을 평가하였다. 결과: 261명의 대상자 중에 31.4%가 위험 음주자, 30.2%는 알 코올사용장애, 36.8%는 문제 음주자였다. 첫 번째 질문의 기준 점을 4잔(여자-3잔)으로 하였을 때 남자에 있어서 민감도가 93.8%, 특이도가 75.0%였고 여자는 각각 86.6%, 86.7%였다. 두 번째 질문의 기준점을 남녀 모두 1회로 하였을 때 남자는 민 감도와 특이도가 각각 81.3%, 86.5%였고 여자는 80.0%, 89.4% 였다. 세 번째 질문의 기준점을 0.25회로 하였을 때 남자는 민 감도와 특이도가 61.7%, 92.3%였고, 여자는 46.7%, 91.2%였다. Receiver Operating Characteristic 곡선 아래 면적은 첫 번째 질문 이 남녀 각각 0.937, 0.970였고, 두 번째 질문이 각각 0.906, 0.915 였으며, 세 번째 질문은 각각 0.768, 0.764였다. 결론: 폭음에 대한 3가지 질문 중 첫 번째 질문(3개월 내 최대 음주량) 또는 두 번째 질문(3개월 내 폭음 횟수)이 문제 음주 자 선별에 유용할 것으로 생각한다.
남택우,박석철,한봉호 한국환경복원기술학회 2020 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.23 No.5
This study was conducted to comprehend the spatial distribution characteristics, habitats and appear- ances of Hydropotes inermis by using the biotope mapping in Daebudo Island, Ansan-si. The result is base data to understand status and manage potential inhabitation of Hydropotes inermis in Daebudo Island through the Maximum Entropy model. The study used 105 traces from the primary investigation and 452 traces in the secondary investigation. The biotope types were distinquished Hydropotes inermis habitats largest from the order of natural forest (15.1%), natural coast (13.7%), marshy cultivated land (12.6%), and dry cultivated land (11.7%), and from the inhabitation trace results. Hydropotes inermis appearanced biotope types were the greatest in the order of cultivated land (49.73%) > forest (18.85%) > coast (7.00%) > grassland (6.28%). Since forests in Daebudo Island have low slope and altitude, it was concluded that Hydropotes inermis would live in most of the forests. A high number of Hydropotes inermis was found to appear in areas where the grassland is formed including cultivated lands (include unused paddies and fields) and marshy grasslands, which would result in direct damage of crops. According to the Maxent modeling analysis that used location information of Hydropotes inermis , the AUC value was 0.635 based on the ROC curve. In Daebudo Island, areas with over 0.635 potential inhabitation value are distributed all over the place, and it was concluded that each population would have a different scope of influence and home range. Hydropotes inermis living in Daebudo Island have high habitat suitability mainly around the cultivated lands near the roads, but due to the bare lands and roads, it is expected that their habitats would be fragmented and damaged, which would have a direct and indirect effect in maintaining the Hydropotes inermis population. Also, considering habitat disturbance, diverse methods for reducing damage including capturing some individuals within the limit that does not disperse Hydropotes inermis population in Daebudo Island must be carried out.