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- 저자 : 김형(Hyoung Kim) (검색결과 1,216 건)
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김형의(Hyoung-Eui Kim),장무성(Mu-Seong Chang) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.11
In these days, most components are designed to operate without a failure for a long time. Accelerated testing can be used to assess or demonstrate reliability of components in a short time. In the case of one stress factor, Arrhenius model or Inverse Power Law (IPL) model is commonly selected for an accelerated model according to stress types. However, there are more than three stress factors in the industrial fields. In this study, we will explain the accelerated models that can apply to the case with three stress factors. The models are general log-linear model and IPL model using calibrated accelerated life testing. We shall compare the two models with a numerical example.
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김대형 ( Dae Hyoung Kim ),정수현 ( Su Hyeon Jeong ),김순중 ( Soon Joong Kim ),서일복 ( Il Bok Seo ) 한방재활의학과학회 2007 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.17 No.3
Objectives:This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Gamisoyeoum-tang(jiaweixiaoyan-tang) on the expression of NOS, c-fos, serotonin and substance P in central nerve system of monossodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoaritic pain model.Methods:Arthrirs was induced by injection of MIA(0.5 mg) into the knee joints of rats.Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group.For 20 days control group was taken normal saline and treated group was taken extracts of Gamisoyeoum-tang(Jiaweixiaoyan-tang).Histochemical study of NADPH-c, immunohistochemical study of c-fos, serotonin and substance P in brain and spinal cord were observed at 20 days after MIA injection.Results:1.The numbers of NADPH-d positive cell in superficial dorsal horn of spinal cord of treated group(23±5) was significantly(P<0.01) decreased compared with conteol(33±5), and dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter of treated group(120±13) was significantly(P<0.05) decreased compared with control(143±14).2.The numbers of c-fos positive cell in dorsal periaqueductal gray matter of treated group(64±14) was significantly(P<0.05) decreased compared with control(78±13) and paracentricular thalamic nucleus of treated group(61±16) was significantly(0.05) decreased compared with control(88±27).3.The numbers of serotonin positive cell in dorsal raphe nucleus of treated group(170±36) was sugbufucabtkt(P<0.05) decreased compared with control(217±48), and median raphe nucleus of treated group(105±25) was significantly(P<0.05) decreased compared with control(139±34).4.Positivereaction (%) of substance P in Lissaur`s tract and superficial Dorsal horn of spinal cord of treated group(96±6) was significantly(P<0.001) decreased compared with control(119±11).Conclusions:On the basis of these results, we concluded that Gamisonyeoum-tang(Jiaweixiaoyan-tang) has inhibiting effects on the pain transmission in MIA-Induced osteoarthritic pain model in rat.
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김형의(Hyoung-Eui KIM) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5
It has been passed eight years since Reliability Assessment Centers of 18 fields including machinery and electronic field were established in 2000 to enhance the reliability of components and materials which are foundation of domestic industry. When Reliability Assessment Centers were established in 2000, many questions and issues have been headed. Those questions and issues were how reliability and quality are different, how the reliability measurement can be expressed, how the reliability requirements can be made, how the reliability of components can be tested and evaluated and etc. Currently it is the state that the controversy and improvement methods about reliability qualification, no failure test and one failure acceptance test were issued. This paper investigates the problems toward test and evaluation methods to certificate R-Mark and presents the direction of Korean Reliability Certification System.
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김무형 ( Kim Moo-hyoung ) 중앙대학교 문화미디어엔터테인먼트법연구소 2018 문화.미디어.엔터테인먼트 법 Vol.12 No.1
독일의 경우에도 모든 인간사회에 그러하듯 사적 영역에서의 복수 행위를 금지하고 대신 국가형벌권을 확립한 결과 규문주의 형사소송절차가 정착되었다. 규문주의 소송절차 내에서의 법관은 방대한 수사조직을 가지고 있지 않았기 때문에 중대한 범죄에 대해서만 직접 수사를 진행하게 되었다. 이에 따라 중대범죄를 제외한 나머지 일상적인 범죄는 경찰이 수사와 소송을 맡을 수밖에 없었다. 이렇게 규문법관을 대신하여 범죄 수사 임무를 수행하게 된 독일의 경찰은 1811년에 이르러 독자적인 수사권을 가진 국가기관이 되었다. 그러나 수사경찰이 수사권을 독립적·독점적으로 행사한 결과 인권침해와 권력남용의 문제가 가시화 되었다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서 독일은 프랑스가 고안한 검찰제도를 도입하였다. 검찰제도는 19세기 말에 독일 전체의 보편적인 제도로 자리를 잡았고, 수사경찰을 지휘·감독하는 역할을 수행하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 나치스 정권 및 동독정권 시절에는 독일 수사기관의 심각한 인권침해가 통제되지 못하였다. 제2차 세계대전이 끝난 후 독일의 경찰조직은 분권화와 민주화의 과정을 겪었다. 국가경찰 제도는 폐지되어 모두 지방경찰로 분리되었으며, 수사경찰도 전체 경찰조직에서 상당한 수준의 독립성을 가지게 되었다. 연방수사경찰은 중요한 사건에 대해서만 제한적으로 관할권을 가지는 선에서 활동할 수 있게 되었다. 독일 수사경찰의 수사권한은 일단 초동수사에 한하여 독립적이다. 그러나 초동수사의 결과는 곧바로 검찰에 통지되어야 하며 이에 따라 검찰이 수사를 지휘할 수 있게 된다. 독일의 경우 우리나라와 마찬가지로 사실상 대부분의 수사는 경찰이 독자적으로 수행한다. 그럼에도 검찰은 여전히 수사지휘권을 가지고 있다. 독일의 검찰은 정치적 독립성을 유지하고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 검찰의 주된 관심이 엄정한 법집행에 있기 때문에 경찰과의 상호관계에서 별다른 문제가 야기되지 않는 상황이다. 반면 우리나라의 검찰은 아직도 정치적 종속성이 문제되고 있다. 경찰이든 검찰이든 정치적 독립성이 확보되지 않은 상황에서 수사권을 독점하게 되면 권력남용이라는 문제에서 자유롭지 못하게 된다. 그러한 측면에서 생각해 볼 때 경찰의 수사권 독립은 다음 세 가지 전제조건을 충족시킬 때 가능할 것이다. 첫째, 정치적 독립성을 위해 수사경찰을 행정경찰과 분리하고, 수사경찰의 책임자는 민주적 방식에 의해서 선임되어야 하며 임기가 보장되어야 한다. 둘째, 수사경찰은 별도의 선발절차에 의해서 법집행을 엄정하게 할 수 있는 능력이 검증된 경찰관으로 구성되어야 한다 셋째, 법원이나 검찰에 의해서 수사과정에 대한 사후적법성 심사가 이루어져야 한다. 피의자가 원하는 경우에는 수사과정에서 법원이나 검찰에서 운영하는 국선변호인의 도움을 받을 수 있어야 한다. Gleich wie alle andere zivilisierte Landern wurde in Deutschland das Inquisitionsprozeß begrundet, als die Gewaltmonopol des Staates endlich eingerichtet wurde. Das Inquisitionsgericht besitzte aber nur einwenige Untersuchungsbeamten. Deshalb untersuchte Inquisitionsgericht sehr wichtige Falle selber, wahrend es die unwichtige viele Falle durch die Kriminalpolizei untersuchen ließ. Die Kriminalpolizei, die so zuerst das Untersuchungsbefugnis ergriffen hatte, konnte im Jahr 1811 ein unabhangiges Untersuchungsbefugnis bekommen. Das unabhangige Untersuchungsbefugnis der Kriminalpolizei resultierte vielfaltigen Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Um diese Probleme zu losen rezipierte Deutschland das Institution der Staatsanwaltschaft, welche das Nachbar Frankreich erfunden hatte. Am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde das Institution der Staatsanwaltschaft ein allgemeines und staatliches System. Die Staatsanwaltschaft funktionierte als ein Kotrollagent der Kriminalpolizei. Trotzdem gab es systematische Menschenrechtsverletzungen in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und des DDR. Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg nahm die deutschen Polizei den Weg zur Dezentralisierung und Demokratisierung. Die Staatspolizei wurde aufgelost. Die Kriminalpolizei bekam eine eigene Stelle im ganzen Polizeisystem. Die Bundeskriminalpolizei hat nur ein begrenztes Befugnis der Untersuchung. Die deutsche Staatsanwaltschaft das gesetzliches Befugnis, die Untersuchung der Kriminalpolizei zu kontrollieren. In der Tat werden nur ca. 10% der Falle werden durch die Staatsanwaltschaft kontrolliert. Es ist eine allgemeine Meinung, dass die deutschen Staatsanwaltschaft politisch unabhangig sei. Aber die Situation in Sudkorea ist gerade das Gegenteil. Die koreanische Staatsanwaltschaft sei politisch abhangig. Ob es Kriminalpolizei oder Staatsanwaltschaft ware, die Untersuchungsbehorde sollen politisch unabhangig. Sie sollen nur dem Gesetz und der Gerechtigkeit unterordnen. Wenn die koreanische Polizei ein unabhangiges Befugnis der Kriminaluntersuchugn haben will, sollte sie zuerst politisch unabhangig sein. Sonst wurde es kein Vertrauen fur die Polizei geben.
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마우스 귀부종 시험법과 국소임파절시험법을 병합한 피부감작시험법 개발에 대한 연구
김형아 ( Hyoung Ah Kim ),권정택 ( Jung Taek Kwon ),허용 ( Yong Heo ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2007 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.1 No.2
In the present both mouse ear swelling test and mouse local lymph node assay are considered reliable method for determination of chemicals` type IV contact hypersensitivity capability. We developed a skin sensitization method through consolidation of mouse ear swelling test and mouse local lymph node assay. Sensitization of BALB / c mice with potassium dichromate, a well known skin sensitizer, was established through intra-dermal injection of emulsion containing 50 ㎕ of 20 mM potassium dichromate and 50 ㎕ complete Fleund`s adjuvant (CFA) into both flanks. Control mice were treated with CFA only. Thereafter, 10 days later, mice were challenged by injecting 20 ㎕of 3.5 mM potassium dichromate into pinnae of one ear and saline vehicle into that of another ear. Increment of ear thickness was determined using ear thickness guage 48 hour later of the challenge. In vitro BrdU proliferation assay was undertaken using auricular lymph node cells in the presence (1, 10 nM) or absence of potassium dichromate. Number of lymph node cells was significantly elevated in the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice than the other control mice. Ear swelling index, obtained through subtracting ear thickness before challenge from that after the challenge, was also significantly higher in the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice. Furthermore, in vitro auricular lymph node cell proliferation index was nearly two-fold higher at the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice than the other control mice. In order to be evaluated as an alternative skin sensitization test, our method deserves more repetition using various chemical sensitizers and irritants
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김도식(Do-Sik KIM),이승훈(Seung-Hun Lee),유영철(Yung-chul Yoo),김형의(Hyoung-Eui Kim) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.11
In this study, we are to analyze the life and the main failure mode of ball screw that are usually applied to the Machine tools. Ball screw have complicated failure cause since they are organized as a complex of various elements. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the main failure mode of ball screw, and then performed life test and performance test according to the international standards. On the basis of these processes, we estimated a shape parameter that is the main factor for the calculation of test time for the reliability of ball screw by analyzing life distribution data.
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면역독성학적 분석에 의한 축산업 종사자들의 건강 유해성 평가
김형아(Hyoung Ah Kim),이경숙(Kyung Sook Lee),김경란(Kyung Ran Kim),김광호(Kwang Ho Kim),허용(Yong Heo) 한국독성학회 2005 Toxicological Research Vol.21 No.2
Economic animal husbandry workers exposed to organic dust can be suffered from immunologic disorders. Our study was to determine immunological parameters related with occurrence of respiratory allergic diseases to animal husbandry workers in Korea for the first time. Peripheral blood were obtained from twenty-five pig barn workers, forty-nine chicken farming workers and fifty-one non-agricultural control workers. Significantly upregulated plasma IgE level was observed with pig-barn workers than that of chicken farming workers or healthy community control subjects. Furthermore, level of histamine, a hallmark of allergy induction, was upregulated in the pig and chicken farming workers in comparison with that of the control subjects. Downregulation of IFNγ and TNFα production from T cells was apparent in the animal husbandry workers compared with the control subjects. Meanwhile, T cells collected from the pig barn workers demonstrated significantly higher production of IL-4 and IL-10 than the other groups. There were also alterations in IgG subclass distribution. In conclusion, immunological modulation probably leading to occupational allergic diseases can be occurred in the economic animal husbandry workers and the pig barn workers could be the most risky group to the work-related allergic disease.
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