Diosgenin 유도체 합성과 진통 및 항고지혈 효과

김학순,마은숙,Kim, Hak-Soon,Ma, Eun-Sook 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Twelve epoxy and hydroxydiosgenin derivatives (DI-1${\sim}$DI-12) were synthesized from diosgenin (25(R)-5-spirosten-3${\beta}$-ol). Diosgenin was epoxidized with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) to oxidize 25(R)-4${\alpha}$,5${\alpha}$-epoxyspirostane (DI-1). Diosgenin was reacted with DDQ to form 25(R)-1,4,6-spirostatrien-3-one (DI-2), which was treated with 30% H$_2$O$_2$ to give 25(R)-1${\alpha}$,2${\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-spirostadien-3-one (DI-3) and treated with mCPBA to form 25(R)-6${\alpha}$,7${\alpha}$-epoxy-1,4-spirostadien-3-one (DI-7), respectively. DI-3 was reduced with NaBH$_4$ to afford 25(R) -1${\alpha}$,2 ${\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-spirostadien-3${\beta}$-ol(DI-4) and reacted with Li metal in absolute ethanol to form 25(R)-2-ethoxy-1,4,6-spirostatrien-3-one (DI-5). DI-7 was reduced with NaBH$_4$ to produce 25(R)-3${\beta}$,7${\alpha}$-dihydroxy-4-spirostene (DI-8) and treated with Li metal in liquid ammonia to produce 25(R)-7${\alpha}$-hydroxy-4-spirosten-3-one (DI-9). DI-2 was reduced with NaBH$_4$ to form 25(R) -4,6-spirestadien-3${\beta}$-ol(DI-10), which was stirred with 30% H$_2$O$_2$ to synthesize 25(R)-4,6-spirostadien-3-one (DI-11) and reacted with mCPBA to give 25(R)-4${\beta}$,5${\beta}$ -epoxy-6-spirosten-3${\beta}$-ol (DI-12), respectively. The antinociceptive effects of synthesiz ed compounds were measured by hot plate method and compound DI-7 signifcantly exhibited antinociceptive effect. DI-2 decreased the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in poloxamer P-407 injected rat.

과배란유도후 배란직전 난포의 초음파검사 소견과 성숙난자 획득간의 상관관계에 관한 연구

김학순,신창재,김정구,문신용,이진용,장윤석,Kim, Hak-Soon,Shin, Chang-Jae,Kim, Jung-Gu,Moon, Shin-Yong,Lee, Jin-Yong,Chang, Yoon-Seok 대한생식의학회 1988 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.15 No.1

The intrafo1licular echoes of cumulus oophoruses within ovarian follicles were assessed with the use of ultrasound in 86 women taking part in an in vitro fertilization(IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer(GIFT) program, stimulated with pure follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)/human menopausal gonadotropin(hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). When intrafo1licular echoes were clearly separated from the follicular wall or relatively dispersed within the follicle, they were considered to be a dissociated cumulus, and when they were only slightly prominent from the follicular wall, they were suspected to be a nondissociated cumulus. A cumulus was seen in 62.1% of the follicles larger than 10 mm diameter and 75.1% of them were dissociated. The larger the follicles in size, the more the cumuluses in number and dissociation. The number of follicles and intrafollicular echoes per woman was not different whether or not she would be pregnant, but the number of dissociated cumuluses was significantly more in pregnant women. The number of observed dissociated cumuluses correlated significantly with the number of recovered mature oocytes. When an intrafollicular echo is seen, it can be taken as evidence of a sign of maturity of that particular follicle and oocyte. Ultrasonographic monitoring of intrafollicular echoes and follicular size is very helpful to predict follicular maturation in ovulation stimulation cycles.

선천성 자궁기형 환자의 생식력에 관한 고찰

김학순,김정구,문신용,이진용,장윤석,Kim, Hak-Soon,Kim, Jung-Gu,Moon, Shin-Yong,Lee, Jin-Yong,Chang, Yoon-Seok 대한생식의학회 1986 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.13 No.2

A reveiw of 85 patients with uterine anomalies was made in respect to the incidence, chief complaints, the reason of infertility, fetal wastage rate, pregnancy complications, fetal presentations and obstetric outcome after metroplasty from 1980 to 1985. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Incidence of uterine anomaly was 0.18% among all outpatients (85/48,240). 2. Of the 85 patients, there were 36 with bicornuate deformities (42.3%), 21 septate (24.7%), 18 uterus didelphys (21.2%), 8 arcuate (9.4%) and 2 patients with unicornuate anomalies (2.4%). 3. Uterine anomalies were diagnosed by hysterosalpingogram (54.1%), pelvic examination (14.2%) and other operative procedures. 4. Chief complaints were primary infertility (41.2%), secondary infertility (15.3%), repeated pregnancy loss (12.9%), antenatal care (11.8%) and menstural disturbance (10.6%), etc. 5. Twenty-nine patients with uterine anomalies had primary infertility. The cause of infertility was proved nonuterine in 26 cases and remained unknown in 3 cases. 6. The obstetric outcome of 104 pregnancies was spontaneous abortion in 51.0%, premature delivery in 11.50/0 and fetal loss in 57.7%. 7. Complications of 41 present pregnancies were threatened abortion (22%), premature rupture of membrane (12%) and premature labor (10%), etc. The frequency of abnormal presentation was 35.3% and 64.7% of deliveries was made by Cesarian section. 8. Metroplasty was performed in 13 patients who didn't have a baby because of repeated miscarriage and unknown cause of infertility. Subsequently 8 patients had 9 successful pregnancies: 6 patients had 7 healthy babies and 2 patients are now in pregnancy without any complications.

Androstane과 Cholestane 유도체의 진통, 소염 및 항고지혈 효과

김학순,마은숙,Kim, Hak-Soon,Ma, Eun-Sook 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.6

Seven epoxy- and hydroxyandrostane derivatives ($DH-1{\sim}DH-7$) and nine epoxy- and hydroxycholestane derivatives ($CH-1{\sim}CH-9$) with unsaturation in ring A and ring B were synthesized from DHEA and cholesterol, respectively. The antinociceptive effects of all synthesized compounds were measured by hot plate method. Most of androstane derivatives except $1{\alpha},2{\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-androstadiene-3,17-dione (DH-3), and CH-6, CH-7 and CH-9 exhibited antinociceptive effect. 1,4-Androstadiene-$3{\beta},17{\beta}$-diol (DH-5, 100 mg/kg, $35.8{\pm}7.39$), $6{\alpha},7{\alpha}$-epoxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (DH-4, 100 mg/kg, $32.6{\pm}5.50$) and $5{\alpha},6{\alpha}$-epoxy-17-oxo-androstan-$3{\beta}$-ol (DH-1, 100 mg/kg, $32.5{\pm}2.98$) were more effective than morphine (10 mg/kg, $30.6{\pm}0.5$). The analgesic effects of androstane derivatives on acetic acid writhing in mice were lower than aspirin. The androstane derivatives were less effective than ibuprofen at inhibiting effects on the carrageenin induced paw oedema. 4,6-Cholestadien-$3{\beta}$-ol (CH-5), $1{\alpha},2{\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-cholestadien-$3{\beta}$-ol (CH-7) and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy4-cholesten-3-one (CH-9) showed the decrease of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in poloxamer P-407 injected rat.

체외수정 후 태반단백들을 이용한 초기임신의 예후 추정

김학순,문신용,장윤석,Kim, Hak-Soon,Moon, Shin-Yong,Chang, Yoon-Seok 대한생식의학회 1990 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.17 No.1

Maternal serum ${\beta}$-specific human chorionic gonadotropin(${\beta}$-hCG) and pregnancy-specific ${\beta}_1$-glycoprotein($SP_1$) levels were determined more than one per week during 11-41 days post embryo transfer(ET) in 21 consecutive pregnancies after in vitro fertilization(IVF), which included 8 normal singleton pregnancies, 3 twin pregnancies, 4 clinical abortions, 1 ectopic pregnancy, and 5 preclinical abortions. The sensitivity of serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ radioimmunoassays was 3mIU/ml and 0.7ng/ml relatively. At the 7th to 8th week of gestation, ultrasonographic confirmation of fetal pole and fetal heartbeat was performed. Both serm ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels showed logarithmic increase, but log[$SP_1$] had more steep rising curve and had wider variation than log[${\beta}$-hCG] in normal singleton pregnancies. In 3 twin pregnancies and one ectopic pregnancy, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels located within the 95% confidence interval of the mean levels of 8 normal singleton pregnancies(normal range). In 2 clinical abortions which had a fetal pole without heartbeat, serum ${\beta}$-hCG level showed lower limit of the normal range or just below, but all $SP_1$ levels showed within the normal range. In other 2 clinical abortions which were diagnosed as blighted ovum, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels from 11 days post-ET and serum $SP_1$ levels from later days compared with ${\beta}$-hCG were below the normal range. In 5 preclinical abortions, serum $SP_1$ levels were within the normal range but serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels were far below the normal range. In conclusion, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels increased exponentially with similar pattern in normally conceived pregancy after IVF-ET. Both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels could predict outcome of early pregnancy to a certain degree, but log[${\beta}$-hCG] levels had more significant correlation with outcome of pregnancy compared with log[$SP_1$] levels. In addition, ultrasonographic examination of fetal poles and fetal heartbeats gives very important clinical information and prognosis.

완만냉각동결이 체외수정된 생쥐배자의 생존율에 미치는 영향

김학순(HS Kim),문신용(SY Moon),장윤석(YS Chang) 대한산부인과학회 1992 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.35 No.6

Nowadays cryopreservation of human embryos is indispensable and increasingly applid in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. But the pregnancy rate is still low and methods of freezing are not sufficiently effective to human evbryos. In the present experiments, early 2-cell stage mouse embryos, which were fertilized and cleaved in vito, were frozen under several kinds of methods in attempt to optimize their survival and viability in vitro, and to compare to those of in vivo fertilized embryos. The basic freezing protocol used is described in the following : basic solution was dulbecco`s phosphated bufered saline with 0.4% bovine serum albumin. Freezing solution contained. 1.5M 1,2-propanediol and 0.1M sucrose in basic solution. About each 10 embryos were loaded in a 0.25 l plastic straw with 120μl of freezing solution. Strawas were cooled from room temperature (20℃) to -6℃ at the rate of -2℃/min, followed by manual seeding, and held for 5 min. Cooling continued to -30℃ at -0.3℃/min, held for 10 min, and immediately introduced into liquid nitrogen. Thawing was done by removing straws from liquid nitrogen and placing them in 35℃ water bath. After searching intact or partially damaged embryos, they were cultured for 3 days in vitro till blastocysts. Under the existing freezing method of 4-step dehydration and 3-step rehydration, 88.3% recovery rate, 81.7% survival rate, and 71.7% developmental rate were obtained, and these results were lower than in vivo fertilized ones. When embryos were loaded in a straw with 60μl of freezing solution, survival rate was increased significantly (p<0.01). When dehydration procedure was performed by single step, 5 min exposure to the freezing solution with 0.1M sucrose showed best results, and the survival rate was significantly (p<0.01) better than 4-step dehydration method. When rehydration was also changed to single step, 5 min exposure to the basic solutin with 0.25M sucrose revealed relatively good results.

자간전증 환자에서 혈청요산치의 임상적 의의

김학순(HS Kim),정은화(EH Jeong),안치석(CS Ahn) 대한산부인과학회 1995 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.38 No.5

Maternal serum uric acid levels were studied in 35 normal pregnancies and 48 cases of preeclampsia. Serum uric acid levels were markedly elevated in preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy. BUN and serum creatinine were positively correlated with serum uric acid in preeclaptic patients . Birthweight and gestational age were significantly correlated with serum uric acid. These observarions suggest that serum uric acid levels reliably predict perinatal outcomes in preeclamptic pregnancies.

자궁선근증에 대한 임상 몇 병리학적 고찰

김학순(HS Kim),김종화(JH Kim),강순범(SB Kang) 대한산부인과학회 1986 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.29 No.1

자궁선근증 , 임상 몇 병리학적 고찰 The clinical study was performed to 311 patients with adenomyosis among 1324 patients who were undertaken total hysterectomy in the department of Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, during July 1983 and February 1985. For comparison 1013 patients without adenomyosis were selected for control group among the same 1324 patients. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The incidence of adenomyosis was 23.5%(311/1324). 2. The patients with adenomyosis in the fifties were 179(57.6%), peak in incidence and statistically significant compared to control group (P*<0.01). 3. Parity was 3.05 in average and 295 patients(94.9%) were parous(p*>0.10). 4. Frequency of artificial abortion was 3.32 in average ande 267 patients(85.9%) experienced more than one (p*<0.01). 5. Frequency of spontaneous abortion was 0.43 in average and 92 patients(26.4%) experienced more than one (p*=0.03). 6. There was no significant relationship between the incidence of adenomyosis and previous laparotomy including cesarean section. 7. Menstrual disturbances were present in 243 patients(78.8%) and the duration of symptoms was below 6 months in about half. 8. Preoperatively adenomyosis was suspected in 25 patients(8.0%), especially up to 15.0% in uncomplicated adenomyosis. 9. The associated pathology was leiomyoma(34.1%), pelvic endometriosis(6.8%, p*<0.01) and endometrial adenocarcinoma(1.0%, p*>0.10). etc. 10. Uterus was enlarged significantly in patients with "adenomyosis without myomas" and mean uterine weight is 159gm (p*<0.01). 11. Endometrial findings were proliferative phase 41.1%, secretory phase 32.5%, and hyperplasia 3.2%, etc. 12. There was no statiscally significant difference between uncomplicated and complicated adenomyosis.

IPMSM의 집중권 분포권에 따른 열 특성 비교

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