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Post-fire Effects on Soil Properties in Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) Stands
김춘식,구교상,변재경,정진현 한국산림과학회 2005 Forest Science And Technology Vol.1 No.1
This study aimed to investigate change on soil properties due to the fire for one week and one year in Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc, one of the most important timber species in Korea. After one year, bulk density of the high intensity fire area increased in surface soil (0~5 cm) compared with the unburned area. Bulk density to 25 cm was greater in the high than in the low intensity fire areas. Soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium increased immediately after fire in surface soil of the burned area compared with the unburned area, but there was no marked change in subsurface soil (5~25 cm). Organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations in the surface soil were generally less in the high than in the low intensity fire areas, suggesting oxidation and volatilization loss. Soil pH and nutrients in surface soil of the burned area decreased rapidly after one year from forest fire. The results suggest that the decrease of nutrients after one year from forest fire may be associated with uptake by vegetation, and accelerated erosion and leaching losses by the exposure of mineral soils.
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Carbon and nitrogen inputs by litter fall in fertilized and unfertilized larch plantations
김춘식,정재엽,김진성 한국산림과학회 2011 Forest Science And Technology Vol.7 No.1
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of fertilization on carbon and nitrogen dynamics by litter fall of a 36-year-old larch (Larix leptolepis) plantation in the Sambong Exhibition Forests, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Litter was collected monthly between April 2003 and May 2006. Seasonal inputs of litter fall components such as needle, broad leaf, branch, bark and total litter inputs followed a similar pattern between fertilized and unfertilized plots. The annual amounts of the litter components were not significantly different (P 4 0.05) between fertilized and unfertilized plots. Mean needle litter fall was similar between the fertilized (2564 kg ha71 yr71) and unfertilized plots (2501 kg ha71 yr71) and total annual litter fall averaged 3552 kg ha71 yr71 in the fertilized and 3541 kg ha71 yr71 in the unfertilized plots during the sampling period. Proportion of needle litter fall was slightly higher in the fertilized (72.2%) than in the unfertilized (70.8%) plots. Carbon concentrations of needle litter were not significantly affected by fertilization (P 4 0.05), while there was a significant fertilization effect on nitrogen concentrations with high nitrogen concentrations of needle litter in the fertilized (7.7 g kg71) compared with the unfertilized (6.8 g kg71) plots. There was no significant difference (P 4 0.05) in the organic carbon inputs by needle litter between the fertilized and unfertilized plots, whereas annual nitrogen inputs were significantly higher in the fertilized (17.7 kg N ha71 yr71) than in the unfertilized (15.6 kg N ha71 yr71) plots. The results indicated that nitrogen dynamics by litter fall could be affected by fertilization, but a minimal impact to carbon dynamics by litter fall in the larch plantation.
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‘세월호 참사’ 보도 내용분석을 통해 본 신문의 재난보도 현황과 문제점
김춘식 한국외국어대학교 국제커뮤니케이션연구소 2015 東西言路 Vol.38 No.-
사고 발생일 다음 날인 2014년 4월 16일부터 6⋅4지방선거 하루 전인 6 월 3일까지의 전국종합일간지(경향신문⋅동아일보⋅조선일보⋅중앙일보⋅ 한겨레)의 ‘세월호 참사’ 관련 뉴스 내용을 분석했다. 주요 분석결과는 다 음과 같다. 첫째, 원인 진단 관련 내용의 경우 사고 초기에는 사고 과정 및 피해 구조 수색 현황에 관한 기사가 많았고, 시간이 흐름에 따라 사고 후 결과 및 조치에 관한 기사의 보도량이 증가했는데 사고 발생 직후 1주 일 동안에는 세월호 사고의 원인이 청해진해운이라고 진단한 기사들이 많 았다. 4월 25일부터 4월말까지는 해난 구조 체계를 원인으로 분석한 기사 들이 상대적으로 많았고 5월 이후에는 사회구조적 문제를 사고의 원인으 로 지적한 기사들이 증가했다. 둘째, 사고과정 및 피해 구조 수색 현황 관 련 내용의 경우 사고 발생 초기에는 사고 과정 및 사건 개요 전달에 대한 내용이 많았지만 시간이 지남에 따라 정치적 프레임 보도가 증가하는 추 세를 보였다. 셋째, 사고 후 결과 혹은 조치 관련 내용의 경우 사고 발생 초기에는 치료 및 보상이나 사회⋅경제적 영향에 관한 내용이, 그리고 후 기에는 정치⋅여론에 관한 내용이 상대적으로 더 많았다. 마지막으로, 기 자협회가 발표한 보도 가이드라인은 엄격하게 지켜지지 않았다. 정보의 출처가 불명확한 정보를 이용한 기사들은 물론 사회적 합의나 결속을 유 도하기보다는 사회적 갈등을 부추기는 기사들이 적지 않았다. This study reports the findings of a content analysis of 4,168 ‘Sewol’ ferry disaster-related news articles appearing in daily newspapers, The Chosun Ilbo, The Donga Ilbo, The Hankyoreh, The Joongang Ilbo, and The Kyunghyang Shinmun. In the beginning of the ‘Sewol’ ferry disaster, the press focused on the process of ferry sinking, however, it is hard to find the difference among the papers in terms of amount and tone of news stories. Secondly, the papers produced articles on the causes of the ‘Sewol’ ferry sinking more frequently from April 25 to the end of the month. Thirdly, the stories that were politically biased based on the quotations from political interest groups and extreme right or left politicians were increased gradually over time. Finally, it is confirmed that the newspapers reporters, in particular, did not comply with the code of conduct for ‘Sewol’ ferry sinking as a social disaster.
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김춘식,손요환,이우균,정재엽,노남진,김소라,양아람,주남규 한국산림과학회 2012 Forest Science And Technology Vol.8 No.2
This study was conducted to examine litterfall and nutrient inputs following forest tending works (FTW) which are one of the most important forest management activities in Korea. We measured litterfall and nutrient (C, N, P, K,Ca, Mg) inputs from needle litter in FTW and non-FTW (control) stands of approximately 40-year-old red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) forests in the Hwangmaesan Soopkakkugi model forest in Sancheonggun Gyeongsangnamdo,Korea. Seasonal inputs of litterfall components such as needle, broadleaf, branch, bark and total litter inputs followed a similar pattern between the FTW and control stands. Annual average needle and total litterfall were significantly lower in the FTW (2483 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; 4038 kg ha^-1 yr^-1) than in the control stands (3377 kg ha^-1yr^-1; 5589 kg ha^-1 yr^-1) during the study period. Nitrogen concentration of needle litter was significantly affected by FTW (P < 0.05), while other nutrient (C, P, K, Ca, Mg) concentrations were not significantly different between the FTW and control stands. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the organic C, N, P and Ca inputs by needle litter following FTW, whereas K and Mg inputs were not significantly different between the FTW and control stands. The results indicate that the reduction of litterfall and nutrient inputs following FTW can be attributed to reduced needle litterfall and vary considerably nutrient cycle in FTW stands.
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