CIPP 평가모형 적용을 통한 2009 개정 중학교 교육과정 평가지표 개발

김석우(Suk-Woo Kim),이대용(Daeyong Lee) 한국교육평가학회 2012 교육평가연구 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 2009개정 중학교 교육과정평가의 내용분석을 통하여 중학교 교육과정 평가준거를 CIPP 평가모형에 맞추어 개발한 후 이를 타당화하는 것이다. 이를 위해 문헌고찰과 전문가 협의를 통하여 2009개정 중학교 교육과정 평가지표를 개발하였다. 또 이를 타당화를 하기 위하여 통합창원시와 부산광역시에 근무하는 중학교 교사, 대학교수 등 교육과정 전문가 17명을 대상으로 델파이 조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 델파이 설문 자료의 전문가 합의 정도를 분석하기 위하여 평균, 표준편차, 내용타당도 지수, 의견합의도, 수렴도 등을 살펴보았다. CIPP 평가모형을 적용한 2009개정 중학교 교육과정 평가지표에 대한 전문가 패널들의 합의정도는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1차 델파이 연구결과, 개발된 32개의 평가지표 중 2개의 평가지표들은 평균과 내용타당도 지수 본 연구가 정한 수용 기준에 적절하지 않아 삭제를 하였다. 다시 30개의 평가지표들에 대하여 2차 델파이 연구를 수행한 결과 평균과 내용타당도 지수가 적절한 것으로 판명되었다. 둘째, 표준편차가 1차에서 2차 델파이 연구가 진행됨에 따라 줄어들었다. 마지막으로 1차와 2차 델파이 연구에서 삭제된 2개의 평가지표를 제외하고는 합의도는 유지되거나 향상되었고, 수렴도는 긍정적인 변화가 있었다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하면 개발된 CIPP 평가모형을 적용한 2009개정 중학교 교육과정 평가지표에 대한 전문가들의 의견은 긍정적으로 합의한다고 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to develop evaluation indicators for 2009 revised middle school curriculum applied by CIPP evaluation model. As for the research subjects, this study selected 17 experts who are middle school teachers or university professors from Pusan Metropolitan or Changwon City in Korea and carried out the Delphi method. The evaluation indicators draft was developed after literature review and expert deliberation. In this light, this study made the determination that it was needed to sufficiently examine the mean, standard deviation, content validity ratio, the degree of coincidence and convergence from investigated Delphi research. The research contents and results of the analysis in this study are as follows; first, 32 previous indicators were not chosen and new evaluation indicators were established based on the recommendations and opinions of the experts. second, 30 evaluation indicators were developed based on the results of the survey of the experts upon the application of statistical analysis. This study evaluated the importance rate of each factor in the second questionnaire based on the results of the first survey. Then, this study selected the factors that the expert group finally agreed upon and, with those factors, this study defined the roles. As a result, this study is significant in trying to find the evaluated indicators for the 2009 revised middle school curriculum applied by CIPP evaluation model.

고등학교 교사들의 인식 분석을 통한 대학입학사정관제의 학교생활기록부 평가방법 고찰

김석우(Kim, Suk-Woo),황해익(Hwang, Hae-Ik),김아영(Kim, A Young),김수연(Kim, Su-Yeon),김성숙(Kim, Sungsook) 한국교육평가학회 2009 교육평가연구 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 고등학교 교사들의 인식을 통해 대학입학사정관제의 학교생활기록부 내 교과영역 및 비교과영역의 평가방안을 모색하기 위한 것이다. 연구방법으로는 조사연구, 심층 집단면담을 사용하였다. P시의 4개 지역교육청의 266명의 고등학교 3학년 담당교사들이 조사연구에 참여하였으며, 부장교사 6명으로 심층집단면담을 하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면, 첫째, 교사들은 학생의 잠재력 판단에서 학교생활기록부의 비교과 영역보다 교과영역을 신뢰하였다. 둘째, 대학입학사정관제에서 학교생활기록부의 교과영역 반영에 대해서는 학과를 계열로 나누고, 각각 사회와 과학 교과를 반영하는 방안을 선호하였다. 셋째, 학교생활기록부의 비교과 영역에서 학생의 잠재력을 판단하는데 교사들이 신뢰롭게 생각하는 부분은 수상, 자격증, 독서활동의 영역으로 나타났다. 넷째, 교사들은 비교과영역의 보조적 제출방안으로 에세이, 포트폴리오, 활동결과물이 적합하다고 인식하는 것으로 드러났다. 심층집단면담의 결과는 조사연구의 결과와 일관성을 보였으며, 첫째, 부장교사들은 학교생활기록부의 교과영역 반영에 있어 진입장벽을 낮추어야 한다고 판단하였다. 둘째, 부장교사들은 학교생활기록부의 비교과 영역의 반영에 대해서는 기록 내용의 진정성을 측정할 수 있도록 면접을 강화하는 방법, 신입생 후보자를 대상으로 하는 숙박 프로그램 형태와 짧은 면접 모듈의 개발과 실행, 관찰을 통한 판단이 필요하다고 제안하였다. The purpose of the study is to explore alternatives for evaluating subject and non-subject areas in a transcript by highschool teachers' perception for the college admission. The research questions as follow: Firs to fall, what do teachers perceive the reasonable way to evaluate students’potentials in subject areas? Additionally, what do teachers perceive the reasonable way to evaluate students’potentials in non-subject areas? Survey and focus group interview were employed for the study methods. 266 teachers from sixteen high schools part took in the survey. Sixteen schools are sampled from each four different districts. 6 senior teachers participated in the focus group interview. In the survey results, weighting on electives which are related in departmental major was proposed as a supplementary method. Awards, certification or license, and reading lists are high ranked as scales to discriminate students’ potential in non-subject areas. 59% of the teachers responded that a volunteer activity is the most important factor to evaluate non-subject areas. About 58% of the teachers prefer to choose an essay as supplementary data to assess students’ potentials. In the results of the focus group interviews, senior teachers suggested observation and group interview method to select students in the form of camp for the freshman candidates. It is necessary to develope scales to evaluate additional data such as a portfolio and essay in non-subject area. The study results provided significant and useful data for college admission counseling in highschool teachers, too.

보건교사들의 교수효능감 실태 분석

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ) 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 교사교육연구 Vol.50 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 보건교육과 학생지도 둥의 교육자로서의 그 역할을 충실히 수행하고 있는 부산광역시에 근무하는 보건교사 251명을 대상으로 보건교사들이 현재 가지고 있는 교수효능감에 대한 실태를 파악하고 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 기술통계, ANOVA. 사후검정으로 Scheffe를 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과, 첫째 전반적으로 보건교사의 교수효능감 수준의 평균은 ``보통이상`` 이었다. 둘째, 보건교사의 개인배경 변인별 교수 효능감의 차이는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 학력과 경력에 따라서는 보건교사들의 교수효능감에는 유의미한 차이 가 있었다. 둘째, 학교 급별에 따른 보건교사들의 교수효능감에는 초등과 중등학교 보다 고둥학교에 근무하는 보건교사들의 교수효능감이 높았다. 마지막으로 학급 수에 따라서는 보건교사들의 교수효능감에는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze actual conditions for health care teachers` teaching efficacy. The subjects of this study were sampled from 251 health care teachers through out Pusan Metropolitan City. The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: First, The average of the level of health care teachers in teaching efficacy was over normal. Second. it was found that there were significant differences in the individual background variables, Teaching efficacy of health care teachers were high when they had higher level of education and more careers. Health care teachers worked at high school level were more efficacy than elementary and middle school level health care teachers. But the efficacy of health care teachers made no significant differences in terms of the number of class.

사학부(史學部) : 서진(西晉)시기 두예(杜預)의 춘추학(春秋學)과 사서(史書)에 기초한 경전(經典) 해석의 실례(實例)

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ) 한국중국학회 2015 중국학보 Vol.74 No.-

From the Tang dynasty, Du Yu’s footnote was estimated as an official interpretation of Spring and Autumn. And it was regarded as an important step to independent of historiography from the Scripture study. Du Yu thought that he first discovered the ‘examples of meaning’ (義例) from the Zuo-Zhun (左傳), and believed that such examples were made by Zhou-gong (周公) and Confucius. And many Spring and Autumn scholars regarded those ‘examples’ as core part of Du Yu’s study, they thought that it could expressed Du Yu’s main viewpoint of Spring and Autumn. However, Han scholars also stressed on the ‘examples of meaning’, based on the Gong-Yang-Zhuan (公羊傳), it was a important way of scripture study. And we may say that understanding Spring and Autumn in accordance with such ‘examples’ is not a way of historiography. In his famous ‘preface of Spring and Autumn’ (春秋左氏傳序), Du Yu stressed understanding the relations of historical facts, which was critical to comprehend the sage’s scripture. In this point, he highlighted the ‘historical understanding’ of Spring and Autumn. He annotated by three writing patterns, one of them was 224 cases for description of historical relations. <(A) 爲 B 傳> type have 141 cases, and <(A) 爲 B 張本 / 起本> have 83 cases. These footnotes clearly shows that the feature of Du Yu’s historical approach. Moreover such explanation of historical relations expose the commentator’s ideal of Spring and Autumn. If the emperor was a tyrant, he could be assassinated or expelled from power. When he misused his power, Du Yu’s footnotes tried to show that misfortune should happen without exception. And also showed that the infringements of li, literally ‘ritual’, caused lots of troubles. Such description of cause-and-effect relations of historical facts is likely correspond to the method of historiography. So the types of <(A) 爲 B 傳> and <(A) 爲 B 張本 / 起本> footnotes is the concrete examples of scripture study based on the history. In these explanations, Du Yu indirectly displayed his political idea which fostered from his days.

재중 탈북자문제와 중국의 책임

김석우(金錫友)(KIM Suk-woo) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2012 신아세아 Vol.19 No.1

중국 동북부에는 5만 내지 10만 명의 탈북자가 숨어 지내고 있고, 탈북여성이 출산한 무국적고아 약 5만 명이 인권의 사각지대에서 아동으로서 보호받지 못하고 있다. 중국정부는 탈북자를 국제법, 국내법과 인도주의 원칙에 따라서 처리한다고 해명하지만, 실제로는 탈북자의 난민지위를 인정하지 않고 북 ․중 국경협정 위반을 근거로 체포하여 강제 송환하고 있다. 연간 약 5천명이 강제 송환되어 고문, 강제수용소 감금, 처형과 같은 가혹한 인권침해를 당하고 있다. 이러한 중국의 행태는 중국이 가입한 난민협약 제33조 제1항이나 고문방지협약 제3조의 강제송환금지원칙에 명백하게 위반하는 것이다. 중국은 그 이외에도 유엔 사회권규약, 인종 차별철폐협약, 여성차별철폐조약, 아동권리협약 등 주요 인권조약에도 가입하였다. 이러한 주요 조약의 이행위원회에서는 모두 중국의 탈북자 강제송환의 문제점을 지적하고 있다. 중국이 탈북자를 난민으로 인정하는 것은 은혜를 베푸는 것이 아니라 국제법상의 의무를 이행하는 것이다. 중국이 조약상 의무, 특히 탈북자강제송환 금지의무를 이행하게 하기 위해, 국제사회는 유엔헌장체제상의 인권보호 메커니즘을 계속 활용해야 한다. 또한 20여국 정부의 중국과의 인권대화를 통해서도 재중탈북자문제를 제기해야 한다. 국제사회는 중국이 체면손상(naming and shaming)을 느끼고 부담을 느껴서 해결책을 찾도록 노력해야 한다. 이 문제 해결의 전략적 의미는 매우 크다. 이것은 북한인권문제를 해결하는 지름길이고, 통일에 대한 준비이며, 한국이 아시아인권보호의 센터로 자리매김하고, 또한 한국의 중국에 대한“핀란드화”를 방지하는 시금석이 될 것이다. Hundreds of thousand North Korean refugees are desperate in seeking safe shelters in the Northeastern parts of China. A more terrible tragedy is that scores of thousand orphans born between North Korean escapee mother and Chinese father roam the streets without proper care or basic education. Chinese authorities tell us that they treat those North Koreans in accordance with the international law, domestic law and humanitarian principles. However, they don’t allow refugee status to those North Koreans and arrest them as illegal border crossers and forcibly send back to North Korea. Around five thousands North Korean refugees are forcibly repatriated annually and suffer inhumane treatment such as torture, imprisonment in a Gulag and open execution to death. These Chinese measures constitute an obvious violation of the‘Non-Refoulement Principle’ stipulated in Article 33, Para 1 of the Refugees Convention and Article 3 of the Convention against Torture (CAT). China is a State Party to those treaties. China ratified other major human rights treaties such as International Covenant on the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESR), International Convention on Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Every monitoring committee of those treaties has urged China to protect those North Korean refugees. International community should urge China not to repatriate North Koreans through the UN mechanisms for human rights protection and through bilateral human rights dialogues with China. By naming, China will feel shaming and cannot but find solutions. International community is not begging China for a mercy to those North Koreans, but asking her to duly abide by international law and obligations as a responsible big power. Solution of this tragic case of North Korean refugees in China has strategic importance. It’s a short cut for improving North Korean human rights situation, a preparation for a peaceful unification of the Korean peninsula, a positioning Korea as a center for human rights in the region and a test case to prevent so-called Finlandization of Korean peninsula to mainland China.

2011년 집중호우로 인한 산사태 발생특성 분석

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),김진학 ( Jin Hak Kim ),김민식 ( Min Sik Kim ),김민석 ( Min Seok Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

Rainfall is widely recognized as a major landslide-triggering factor. Most of the latest landslides that occurred in South Korea were caused by short-duration heavy rainfall. However, the relationship between rainfall characteristics and landslide occurrence is poorly understood. To examine the effect of rainfall on landslide occurrence, cumulative rainfall (mm) and rainfall intensity (mm/hr) of serial rain and antecedent rainfall (mm) were analyzed for 18 landslide events that occurred in the southern and central regions of South Korea in June and July 2011. It was found that all of these landslides occurred by heavy rainfall for one or three days, with the rainfall intensity exceeding 30 mm/hr or with a cumulative rainfall of 200 mm. These plotted data are beyond the landslide warning criteria of Korea Forest Service and the critical line of landslide occurrence for Gyeongnam Province. It was also found that the time to landslide occurrence after rainfall start(T) was shortened with the increasing average rainfall intensity(ARI), showing an exponential-decay curve, and this relation can be expressed as「T = 94.569·exp (-0.068·ARI)(R2= 0.64, p<0.001)」. The findings in this study may provide important evidences for the landslide forecasting guidance service of Korea Forest Service as well as essential data for the establishment of non-structural measures such as a warning and evacuation system in the face of sediment disasters.

魏晉時期 水軍 활동과 자연재해 : 造船과 環境의 관계를 중심으로

金錫佑(Kim Suk-woo) 중국고중세사학회 2010 중국고중세사연구 Vol.24 No.-

계단상 하상구조를 이용한 계류복원 방안

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),김경남 ( Kyoung Nam Kim ),박종민 ( Chong Min Park ),마루타니토모미 ( Marutani Tomomi ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Mountain streams, which are major components of an entire river network, play an important role as the source of water, sediment, coarse and fine organic matter, and nutrients for lowland rivers. Therefore, dynamics and downstream linkages of each compartment of the mountain stream can be essential for watershed management in catchment scale. The dynamics and downstream linkages are understood as a development of step-pool sequences along a river course. Recently, stream restoration after flooding event often employ the development of step-pool sequences in the world. In this paper, we 1) examined the geomorphic characteristics and the role of step-pool sequences in steep mountain streams by reviewing the results of past studies, and 2) introduced the case studies of stream restoration using step-pool sequences, and finally 3) addressed design methods considering geometry and stability of artificial step-pool sequences for stream restoration. Step-pool sequences play an important role not only as roughness with energy dissipation but also as heterogeneity of stream feature for aquatic habitat. Step-pool sequences, even if they are constructed artificially along a stream, may be effective for small stream restoration considering eco-friendly torrent controls. So far the artificial step-pool sequences were employed for mountainous streams, but those would be applied to urban stream.

[중국중세] 2018~2019년 魏晉隋唐史 연구의 동향

김석우(Kim, Suk-woo) 역사학회 2020 역사학보 Vol.0 No.247

During the 2018-2019 period, Korean researchers of Wei-Jin-Sui-Tang history produced approximately 110 papers and several books. Interest in newly unearthed materials, such as the epitaph and carved stones, is a catalyst for the study of medieval china in recent times. Using the written records and such new sources, important research papers are being produced in various fields, including document administration and urban history, daily life history, gender issues, and religious history. This shows that Korean chinese history academia is keeping pace with the world’s academic trends and standards. This trend is likely to continue in the future. On the other hand, the history of international relations and the study of Sino-Korean relations are still the most frequent. The history of international relations has studied micro-problems such as the movement of envoys and entry procedures, and using cemetery data, the paper on how the Goguryeo people lived in the Tang Dynasty deepened the understanding of medieval Sino-Korean relations. One thing to remember in particular is that Professor Park Han-je published four books on the theory of the ‘Sino-Barbarian Synthesis’, which he has long studied. This is an important achievement in this period.

西晉 시기 杜預 『左傳』주석의 몇 가지 형식과 그의 정치적 이상

김석우(Kim Suk Woo) 동양사학회 2015 東洋史學硏究 Vol.130 No.-