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- 저자 : 김두현 ( Du Hyun Kim ) (검색결과 58 건)
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야생 흰 제비꽃(viola patrinii DC.)callus의 현탁배양 방법이 세포 활성에 미치는 영향
김두현,정용모,정정한,이인,권오창,Kim, Du-Hyun,Chung, Yong-Mo,Chung, Chung-Han,Yeeh, Yeehn,Kwon, Oh-Chang 한국생명과학회 1996 생명과학회지 Vol.6 No.2
To understand effect of inoculum size, cell density, sucrose concentration and concentrations of MS basal on suspension culture and protoplast isolation of wild viola(Viola patrinii DC.) callus from petiole segments this experiment was conducted. In the lot of 30 mesh inoculum size, two observations were; One was that a considerable increase in the fresh and dry weight of callus was determined. Another was that the callus mass was relatively compact compared with others. A recommendable cell density was 0.4g for 20ml culture medium and the higher sucrose concentration, the higher fresh and dry weight were obtained. The dilution of MS basal salt was differently affected on fresh and dry weight; the highest fresh weight was found in 1x MS salt, while the higest dry weight was in 1/3x dilution.The addition of casein hydrolysate(3g/L) was more effective to increase of both fresh and dry weight. THe contents of protein was great in the inoculum lots with larger inoculum sizeand higher concentration of MS basal salts contenting 3g/L of casein hydrolysate and higher sucrose compared with others. The greatest protoplasts were isolated from the lot of 10 mesh size treated with 1%pectinase SE-150 and 2% cellulase YC. In general, for optimal protoplast isolation the followingconditions were recommended; 1) Use of smaller cell size cultured for 2-5 weeks, and 2) more than 5 hours incubation using the combined mixture of the enzymes with proper concentrations.
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갈참나무 4가계에서 스트레스 평가용 생리 지표들의 오존 민감성
김두현 ( Du Hyun Kim ),한심희 ( Sim Hee Han ),이재천 ( Jae Cheon Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.6
Ozone sensitivity of physiological indicators and the difference of ozone tolerance on 4 families of Quercus aliena seedlings were investigated on the basis of the standardized physiological indicators. Photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigment and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidative enzyme activities were measured or analyzed from the leaves of Q. aliena seedlings at the end of ozone fumigation, and ozone tolerance indices among 4 families were calculated with the standardized physiological parameters. After ozone treatment, the reduction of carboxylation efficiency was observed in the leaves of four families, and their reduction were ranged from -24.1% to -56.9% of control seedlings. Photosynthetic pigment content differed significantly among 4 families and treatments. The reduction of total chlorophyll content showed the highest in family SU4 (-40.6%) and the lowest family US2 (-18.8%). Ascorbate-peroxidase (APX) activity showed significant difference among families and treatments, and increased as compared with control in three families, except for family US2. On the basis of the physiological indices, ozone tolerance of four families was ranked in the order of US1 > SU4 > US2 > SU1. In conclusion, photosynthetic parameters, pigment content and APX activity were recommended as appropriate indicators to assess the tolerance against ozone stress of Q. aliena.
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청말(淸末) 안휘성(安徽省)의 재해구제(災害救濟)와 민간 의진(義賑)활동의 전개
김두현 ( Kim Du-hyun ) 한국중국학회 2017 중국학보 Vol.80 No.-
본고는 丁戊奇荒 이후 조직화된 상해 신상의 義賑활동을 안휘성 사례를 통해서 분석해보았는데, 근대적 민간구제 활동으로서 義賑의 특징은 ①`民捐民辦` ②`不分畛域` ③`救人救撤` ③`不??敍`, ④`隨査隨放이다. 의진활동이 조직화·상설화될 수 있었던 것은 정무기황 당시 서양인의 화북지역구제에 자극을 받은 중국측 신상의 저항의식, 민족의식의 각성, 그리고 서양인 구제방식의 수용이 주요 요인이었다. 그리고 근대 이전에는 존재하지 않았던 정보수단의 발달, 즉 『申報』와 電報라는 수단이 있었기 때문에 재해정보의 신속한 전달이 가능해지고, 더구나 ①`민연민판`의 원칙 하에서 『申報』를 통한 자발적 구제경비 모금과 그 결과를 공표함으로써 의진에 대한 사회적 관심과 신뢰성을 제고시킬 수 있었다. 물론 안휘성 지방관 및 신사들 또한 『申報』나 전보를 이용하여 상해 신상에게 지원을 요청하기도 했다. 이러한 의진의 자발적 구제활동은 앞서 언급한 `不分畛域`의 원칙에서 보자면, 자신과 전혀 지역적 연고가 없는 지역을 위해, 모금활동을 전개하고 또한 재해지역에 진무 경험이 풍부한 義紳들을 파견함으로써, 이전시기에 지역 신사층이 주로 자신의 연고지에서 구제활동을 전개하는 것과는 매우 대조적인 모습을 보여주고 있었다. `不??敍`라는 선언은 자신의 의진활동이 국가로부터 포상을 바라는 목적의식적 행위가 아님을 강조하고, 일종의 자발적 선의에 의한 것임을 강조하고 있다. 안휘성출신 京官ㆍ지방관의 고향구제활동에서도 ?敍를 바라지 않는다는 선언이 누차 발견되고 있다. 다음으로 안휘성 同鄕 紳商의 고향구제활동에 대해서 살펴보았는데, 실상 동향관의 고향 구제활동은 안휘성에서만 발견되는 현상은 아니었지만, 李鴻章을 중심으로 형성된 淮系集團의 적극적인 참여가 두드러지고, 안휘 同鄕官 스스로 고향구제 활동이 `義賑`의 일환으로서 `?敍`를 바라지 않는다는 점을 강조하고 있다. 이러한 배경에는 당시 義賑이란 구호가 사회 전반에 전파ㆍ인식되고 있었음을 확인할 수 있지만, 한편으로 同鄕官의 구제활동이 관료 신분이 아닌 동향 紳士라는 개인적 차원에서 이루어지고 있었다는 점에 주목할 필요가 있다. 또한 당시 官界의 분위기가 官賑 보다는 義賑에 더욱 많은 신뢰와 지지를 표명하고 있었다는 점에도 주목할 필요가 있다. 상해 등 외지에 기거하는 안휘 동향 紳ㆍ商의 고향구제를 위한 의진기구 결성과 조직화(駐?安徽義賑公所) 및 모금 활동을 살펴보았는데, 이러한 활동의 저변에는 `동향의식`과 고향에 대한 `정체성`이 있었지만, 초기 활동을 보면 주로 성 단위의 동향의식보다는 자신의 고향(州縣)단위로 하는 한계가 있었다. 이후에는 점차 州縣단위에서 省단위로 확대되는 경향(縣界→府界→省界)을 보이는데, 선통2년(1910)년 大水災가 정무기황에 필적할만한 규모였다는 점이 작용한 결과였지만, 한편으로는 상해 의진의 특징 중 `不分畛域`이라는 구호의 영향이 있었다. 동향 紳商에는 徽商도 포함되지만, 청말 전체 안휘 동향 신상에서 차지하는 비중은 그다지 크지 않았다. 또한 비록 안휘성 내의 신사층을 중심으로 籌賑公會가 결성되어 官賑과의 협력체계가 구축되었지만, 사실상 전체 구제에서 차지하는 비중은 省外에서 활동하는 동향 紳商에 비하면 높지 않았다. 한편 안휘성 재해구제에 참여한 동향 紳商이 모금활동을 전개한 지역이 대부분 안휘성 내가 아니라 성외 지역, 그중에서도 상해에 집중된 현상을 발견할 수 있다. 이것은 안휘성 내 신사의 역량의 한계를 보여주는 것이라 생각된다. 한편 안휘 동향 京官·紳商의 고향구제를 위한 모금활동은 상해지역 의진활동에 비하면 그 규모나 활동범위가 제한적인 것이 사실이지만, 한편으로 보면 상해 의진활동이 여타 지역에 끼친 영향력을 확인할 수 있었다는 점에 의미가 있다. This article, through the Anhui province relief case, discussed on the `chartable relief`(Yizhen) of shanghai gentry-merchants after `The Great Famine`(丁戊奇荒, 1877~1878). As The modern nongovernmental relief activities, If you recognize the Characteristics of the Charitable Relief, There are Principles of ①`minjuanminban(民捐民辦)`, ②`bufenzhenyu(不分畛域)`, ③`jiurenjiuche(救人救撤)`, ③ `bujiaojiangxu(不?奬敍)`, ④`suichasuifang(隨査隨放)`. The main reason why the charitable relief activities were organized and popularized was the resisting consciousness of the Chinese Gentry-merchants to Western missionaries`s relief activities, the awakening of national consciousness and the acceptance of the relief methods of the Western missionaries, Which were stimulated by the relief of the Westerners in the North China. In addition, it was possible to quickly use the modern information transmission means, namely Shanghai`s newspaper(shenbao(申報)??) and Telegram. In particular, under the doctrine of privatization(民捐 民辦), the Shanghai News Agency was able to raise social interest and the credibility of Charitble relief by using the reports to publicize voluntary relief funds and the results. Of course, in Anhui Province, local officials and gentry-merchants, also use the newspaper(??申報??) or telegram, also require to Shanghai gentry-merchants`s charitable support. The principle of `minjuanminban` of Yizhen gentry-merchants does not mean that it was in opposition to the governmental relief, was rather cooperative. These voluntary relief activities are based on the principle of `bufenzhenyu(不分畛域)` mentioned above, in contrast with the fact that local gentry are mainly engaged in relief activities in their own communities, by donations to the area where they have no connection with themselves and by sending Charitable Gentry-merchans(義紳) who have experienced abundance in the disaster area. The declaration of `不?奬 敍` emphasizes that his persuasive activity is not a purposeful activity that desires reward from the state, and emphasizes that it is a kind of voluntary goodness. However, in reality, the human network with Li Hong-zhang(李?章) was formed through the persuasive activities, and there were many people who acted as the managers of the Westernization enterprise led by Li Hong-zhang. Nonetheless, the principle of `不? 奬敍` has been emphasized, and the Beijing official(京官) and Local Officials from Anhui province also declared that it does not want the rewards in the rescue activities. Then, this chapter also investigates disaster relief activities of Anhui Province`s Gentry-merchants in outside the Province and Beijing Officials from Anhui province to the hometown relief. During Thirty-four years Guangxu(1908), Disaster relief in Huizhou Prefecture, the southern Huizhou relief office(?南徽州勸 ?公所; 駐?徽州水災勸?公所; 安徽義?公所) organized by Huizhou`s merchants in Shanghai, and Can be linked to the Charitable networks of donation. During 1910, throughout Anhui outbreak of floods, Anhui Province authorities opened on Relief Administration to the disaster relief, Huizhou`s merchants also opened raised relief association in Shanghai, the Qing government opened Jiang-Wan raised relief hall(江? 籌?公所) by Sheng Xuan-huai(盛宣懷), in order to maximize the mobilization of the gentry power relief. Meanwhile, Officials From Anhui Province for the relief of hometown, launched a petition to Sheng Xuan-huai. At the same time, the relief fund has been launched. In fact, The same native place Official`s relief activities are not found in Anhui province, but There are characteristics of huaixi(淮系) group formed around Li Hong-zhang. Interestingly, Officials from Anhui province emphasized that their activities are personal charitable relief as a gentry from Anhui, although they are incumbent officials. Among them, Li Jing-yi(李經義) most has significant as the representative of the group of the most prominent members of the Li Hong-zhang. This confirms the supports and recongnitions of each class of society to the Charitable relief, at the time. It also needs to be noted that the mood of Officialdom has expressed more trust and support than official relief(官?). These activities had a consciousness of the same hometown and identity for their hometown anyway, but the initial activity was the limit of their own in the country, rather than consciousness of the same province. Since then, their activities gradually tend to expand from Prefecture to provincial boundary. In 1908, Huizhou relief was a very strong regional limits(prefecture boundary). on the other hand, 1910`s great disaster relief was expanded to provincial boundary. Checking the participants, not only is the territory of Huizhou, All over Anhui are involved. This relief hall(公所) was created by Officials, gentry-merchants from Anhui Province in other province. It is meaningful that we can confirm the influence of Shanghai intentional activities on other regions. Not only that, but it can be judged that it is a modern relief system that is different from traditional national relief(official relief).
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