고교학점제 도입을 위한 가정과교육과정의 개정 방향 및 선택과목 체제 탐색

김남은(Kim, Nam eun),허영선(Heo, Young Sun) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.7

This study attempted to explore the direction and the selection system to be considered in the next high school home economics curriculum through a critical review of the changes in home economics subject according to the introduction of the high school credit system. For this, the study examined the systematic literature survey on the high school credit system and examined the direction of the revision of the next high school home economics curriculum and the selection curriculum system through the exploration of the implementation direction. Through critical consideration of high school credit system, it is necessary to establish the completion time, the method of completion, the method of completion and the standards, and to establish the objective and reliable evaluation criteria and the implementation direction of the evaluation method. The character and goal should be newly established in the direction of the revision of the home economics curriculum. In home economics, the scope and depth of the subject should be expanded to the area selection type and the steps election type based on the demand for the establishment of various subjects, and it should be developed as a subject with high relevance to career, but the attractiveness and necessity of the subject should be considered through the linkage with the university. In addition, it is necessary to select how to organize the subject among the methods of separating and coordinating existing subjects and developing new subjects or improving the linkage with universities. This study has a limitation in that it has not been able to present a specific plan as a result of the study. However, it is expected that the search for directions suggested by this study will be used as a part of a huge discourse for the next revision of home and curriculum. 이 연구는 고교학점제 도입에 따른 가정교과의 변화에 대한 비판적 검토를 통해 차기 고등학교 가정과교육과정에서 고려해야 할 방향 및 선택과목 체제에 대해 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 고교학점제에 대해 체계적 문헌 조사하여 시행 방향의 탐색을 통해 차기 고등학교 가정과교육과정 개정 방향 및 선택과목 체제를 검토하였다. 고교학점제의 비판적 고찰을 통해 방향으로는 이수시간, 이수방법, 이수단위 및 기준을 정립하고 객관적이고 신뢰할만한 평가기준의 확보와 평가방법에 대한 시행 방향을 살펴 전문성 향상을 위해 교사연수, 임용과정에서의 평가과목 개설이 필요하다. 가정과교육과정의 개정 방향으로 성격과 목표를 새롭게 정립해야 한다. 가정과교육과정에서는 다양한 과목의 개설 요구를 바탕으로 영역 선택형과 단계 선택형으로 과목의 넓이와 깊이를 확장하고 진로와 관련성이 높은 과목으로 개발하되 대학과의 연계를 통해 과목의 매력도와 필요도를 고려할 필요가 있다. 가정교과의 선택과목 체제에 대해 기존 과목을 분리 통합, 조정하는 방법과 새로운 과목을 개발하거나 대학과의 연계성을 높이는 방법 중 어떻게 과목을 구성해야 할지 선택을 해야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 연구의 결과로 구체적인 방안을 제시하지 못했다는 한계점을 가진다. 그러나 본 연구가 제시한 방향 탐색이 차기 가정과교육과정 개정을 위한 거대한 담론의 일부로 활용되길 기대한다.

차기 가정과 교육과정 개발을 위한 내용 체계의 방향 탐색 : 미국 국가기준 가정과 교육과정(NSFCS) 3.0의 특징과 시사점 분석을 중심으로

김남은(Kim, Nam eun) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.21

이 연구는 차기 가정과 교육과정 개발의 방향을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하여 미래 가정교과에 요구하는 핵심 역량을 정리하고 미국 국가기준 가정과 교육과정 3.0(NSFCS 3.0)의 내용체계를 분석하였다. NSFCS 3.0은 교육내용의 범주체계가 일관적으로 제시되고 있고 교육내용의 제시에 있어 영역을 분절하지 않고 주제별로 나열하고 있다. 그리고, 역량 중심으로 교육내용을 제시하면서 활동 동사로 나타내고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 차기 가정과 교육과정 개정을 위한 내용 체계 방향의 예시를 제시해보면 첫째, 실천, 지식, 기능, 맥락, 가치, 태도의 범주를 영역의 상위에 두었다. 둘째, ‘나와 가족’과 ‘가정생활과 일’로 영역을 제시하였다. 셋째, 핵심개념을 발달, 가족, 관계, 자립, 다양성, 관리, 의식주, 지속가능, 진로, 생애설계, 사회적 변화로 제안하였다. 넷째, ‘안전’ 핵심개념은 내용요소로 위계를 낮추어 제시하고 ‘생활문화’ 핵심개념은 그 의미를 구체화하여 ‘의식주’로 변경하였다. 다섯째, 가정교과의 핵심역량을 기초학습능력, 자기관리능력, 진로개발능력, 세계시민성, 의사소통능력, 대인관계능력, 맥락이해능력, 협업능력, 비판적 사고능력, 실천적 문제해결능력, 디지털 리터러시, 창의력으로 제시하였다. 여섯째, 학습자 성취를 제시하여 구체적 방법을 안내하고 평가의 수월성을 높였다. The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of the development of the next home economics curriculum. This study summarizes the core competencies required for future home economics courses and analyzes the content system of the National Standard Family and Consumer Science 3.0 (NSFCS 3.0). In NSFCS 3.0, the categorization system of educational content is consistently presented, and in the presentation of educational content, the fields are not segmented and listed by subject. And, it is expressed as an active verb, presenting the content of education based on competency. Based on this, an example of the direction of the content system for the next home economics curriculum revision is presented. First, the categories of practice, knowledge, function, context, value, and attitude are placed above the domain. Second, the domain was presented as ‘I and my family’ and ‘family life and work’. Third, the core concepts were proposed as development, family, relationship, independence, diversity, management, food, clothing, housing, sustainability, career, life design, and social change. Fourth, the core concept of ‘safety’ was presented by lowering the hierarchy as a content element, and the core concept of ‘life culture’ was changed to ‘Food, clothing, housing’ by specifying its meaning. Fifth, the core competencies of home economics are presented basic learning ability, self-management ability, career development ability, global citizenship, communication ability, interpersonal relationship ability, context understanding ability, collaboration ability, critical thinking ability, practical problem solving ability, digital literacy and creativity. Sixth, by presenting learner achievements, specific methods were guided and excellence in evaluation was improved.

신규임용교사의 H-PCK 형성과정 탐색: 2017 부산지역 가정과 신규임용 교사를 대상으로

김남은 ( Kim Nam Eun ) 대한가정학회 2018 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.56 No.3

This study investigates the process of PCK formation for 2017 novice teachers in Busan. This study was conducted parallel to quantitative research using the H-PCK measurement tool as well as qualitative research methods through an open questionnaire and after-interview. Consequently, the H-PCK level of novice teachers was 3.51. The knowledge of perspective on home economics education (KP) was 3.87, knowledge of home economics curriculum (KC) was 3.37 and the knowledge of home economics instructional strategies (KI) was 3.39. Study participants reported that curriculum knowledge, curriculum content knowledge, and teaching strategy knowledge were formed through preparation for appointment; however, it was not possible to judge if PCK was formed for the restructuring ability or the reconstruction ability. Knowledge related to curriculum content was learned through teacher training, internet teacher community, and internet information materials. Knowledge of teaching strategies was learned through 1-2 teaching consulting or peer scholarship. It is necessary to revise the university curriculum (such as expansion of curriculum education, expansion of experience in teaching practice, and actual case study) order to form PCK. Second, it should be developed and operated various training programs for the formation of home economics education curriculum knowledge. Third, it is necessary to organize a nationwide system to support the mentor. In the future, it is necessary to study PCK analysis for each unit and topic as well as to explain methods that can be provided to field teachers.

지속가능한 발전을 위한 가정과 교육프로그램 개발: ‘소비생활 개선’을 주제로 한 체인지메이커 교육을 중심으로

김남은 ( Kim Nam Eun ) 대한가정학회 2020 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.58 No.3

The purpose of this study is to develop home economics educational programs on the theme of ‘improving consumer life’ for sustainable development. It is a program to enhance the changemaker mindset for responsible production and consumption among the 17 goals of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). The program was developed 8 that to make solar cookers, make household goods from recycled materials, change maker-practice green life, eco-friendly journal 1, plastic warnings, design alternatives for disposable products, change maker-efforts and eco-friendly journal 2. The developed program was validated 3 times by a group of experts and students. This program has the following features. First, the Home Economics Education(HEE) program under the theme of ‘Improving consumer life’ for sustainable development are carried out at the stage of change-maker education with project-based process. It can improve students’ collaboration skills, self-directed skills, communication skills and problem solving skills. Second, eight programs can increase understanding and interest in sustainable development, and learners are interested in social issues. This program can raise learners who play an active role in solving social problems by increasing their interest and interest in the class, free from the form of passive classes. Third, the HEE programs under the theme of ‘Improving consumer life’ for sustainable development are meaningful in that they are closely related to students’ lives and encourage them to practice in their own lives. Fourth, since the program is well-suited to the present time and includes content elements for sustainable development, it can induce changes in learners’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviors.

새우의 급성간췌장괴사병과 수입 위생 조치

김남은 ( Nam Eun Kim ),김도형 ( Do Hyung Kim ) 한국어병학회 2014 한국어병학회지 Vol.28 No.1

In 2009 outbreaks of an emerging disease in shrimp farms were first reported in China. The disease was known as early mortality syndrome (EMS), or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Since 2009, the disease has been spread to Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand and Mexico. The causative agent of the disease was identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It is a common seawater inhabitant bacterium, and the pathogen can sometimes contaminate seafood. The disease has caused mass mortality of cultivated shrimp, and huge economic losses in the countries named above. In order to prevent the introduction and establishment of AHPND, emergency measures, such as strengthening of import conditions and even import bans, were put in place by many other countries. In Korea, on the other hand, there are large quantities of shrimp imports from countries, such as Thailand and Vietnam. Transportation of live and fresh dead shrimp is highly likely, and could be a transmission pathway if the shrimp are sourced from populations in AHPND endemic areas. It is important to recognize that importing countries may provisionally adopt sanitary or phytosanitary measures on the basis of available pertinent information, including that from the relevant international organizations, as well as from sanitary or phytosanitary measures applied by other countries based on "Agreement on Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures". It is pertinent that Korea also takes proper emergent measures to keep out diseases and provide safe seafood.

주유소 복합개발 방안에 관한 연구

김남은(Kim, Nam-Eun),이성근(Lee, Sung-Gun) 한국부동산정책학회 2014 不動産政策硏究 Vol.15 No.2

For the past 20 years, the number of service stations doubled whereas the sales volume and net income for each station decreased by 50 percent. Accordingly, it was necessary for service station operators to develop a new paradigm that would guarantee survival in this now marginal industry. This paper discusses how to enhance profitability while maintaining real estate value through the strategic development of various service station characteristics. To elaborate, this paper analyzes and demonstrates the outlook of service stations in Seoul and its metropolitan areas, and how to develop and motivate operators in regards to the service station’s complexity models, current status and satisfaction ratios of service stations owners etc. After numerous interviews, most service stations owners and managers shared the consensus that the current market is already over saturated, and the outlook of this industry does not look optimistic at all. Operators were highly interested in the potential for service station’s complexity development and the corresponding strategic implications, and whether they were feasible or not. The following are a summary of the key findings of this paper. First, to enhance its profitability, service station’s complexity development strategy generally worked, and there was strong co-relationship. Also, the monthly sales volumes of service stations with complexity models, was on average superior to normal service station’s monthly sales volumes. Second, the area and the size of the service stations were one of the most important factors for the success of the service station’s complexity development strategy. The larger the size of the service station areas meant more choices for owners and managers, thus leading to greater profitability and flexibility. Third, owners and managers preferred fast food restaurants or coffee franchises for their service station’s complexity models. Nevertheless, evidence has shown that due to the fast food industry’s unfair practices and upper hand knowledge, many service stations suffered profit loss as well as potential lawsuits due to malpractices when signing the contacts between the fast food restaurants or coffee franchises. To summarize, based on these analysis and insights, I would like to suggest the service station’s complexity models and how to enhance profitability while maintaining real estate value through strategic development of each service station characteristics.

천황의‘성단(聖斷)’과 전후 일본의 보수지배체제의 형성

김남은(Kim, Nam-Eun) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2016 亞細亞硏究 Vol.59 No.2

1945년 패전과 함께 약 7년간 실시된 미군정의 점령정책 하에서도 전전 일본의 사상적 원류였던 국가주의 편향의식이 여전히 존재하고 있었고, 보수우위 사상적 편향의식이 일본의 전통적 가치관과 민족의식을 회복하려는 일련의 보수우위세력에게 끊임없는 응집력을 제공하였다. 그리고 여기에는 패전 이후에도 살아남은 전전의 구세력이 전후 일본의 정치를 장악해 왔다는 역사적 사실이 숨겨져 있다. 즉 천황에게 전쟁책임을 묻지 않은 사실이 구세력의 온존과 재생, 그리고 부활의 발판으로 이어진 것이다. 패전으로 인해 육군 주전파를 핵으로 하는 군부 권력은 사라졌으나, 그 외에 권력은 천황의 ‘성단’에 의해 보호되었으며, 살아남은 전전 권력은 ‘성단’에 의해 새로운 옷을 걸치고 전후 보수 권력으로 재생되어 전후 일본의 정치를 장악해 왔다. 이처럼 전후 보수 자체가 천황의 ‘성단’에 의해 만들어졌다는 측면이 농후한 이상, 천황의 전쟁책임 및 가해책임을 묻는 것은 원래가 불가능한 것이며, 전후 보수 권력이 형식적인 문언 및 행동과는 별도로, 일관되게 전쟁책임 및 가해책임을 근본적으로 계속 거부하는 것도 바로 이 때문이다. Even under the US army military government’s occupation policy enforced for about 7 years after the defeat in the Second World War in 1945, the nationalistic prejudice which was the prewar Japan’s ideological origin still existed, and the conservatism-dominant ideological prejudice provided ceaseless cohesiveness to a chain of conservatism-dominant groups that were to recover Japan’s traditional value and national consciousness. And concealed here is the historical fact that the prewar groups that survived defeat, have seized Japan’s politics since the Second World War. Namely, the fact that the Japanese Emperor was not held responsible for the war was connected with the foothold of the conservation and regeneration and resurrection of the prewar groups. Due to its defeat in WWII, the core military authority that insists on waging war has disappeared, but other authorities, which were protected by the Japanese imperial decision, and the surviving prewar authorities, wore new clothes, and were regenerated to be postwar conservative authorities that have seized postwar Japan’s politics by virtue of the Japanese imperial decision. As such, as long the idea that postwar conservatism was made by the Japanese imperial decision is strong, it is impossible to hold the Japanese Emperor responsible for the war -- and the harm it caused -- in the first place; the reason that postwar conservative authorities continuously deny responsibility for the war and for the harm it caused consistently and fundamentally apart from formal words in literature and conduct is because of the above.

강화와 안보를 둘러싼 미일 교섭과 일본의 전략 - 요시다 시게루(吉田茂)를 중심으로-

김남은 ( Kim Nam-eun ) 한국일본근대학회 2017 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.56

일본의 안전보장정책에 대한 연구는 `평화지향`적이거나 `대미의존`적인 관점에서 많이 다루어져 왔다. 그러나 현재 일본은 집단적 자위권의 행사를 추구하는 등 매우 의욕적인 외교 행보를 보이고 있으며, 본 논문은 이러한 일본의 안보 전략이 미일 간의 강력한 요구와 이해를 넘은, 다분히 일본 정책결정자들의 전략적 이해에 따른 의도적 결과라는 점에 주목하고 있다. 구체적으로는 샌프란시스코강화조약과 미일안보조약에 이르는 일련의 과정을 통해 일본의 군비확장의 과정이 결코 `소극적`이거나 `대미의존`적이라고만 할 수 없는 측면에서 재고하고 있다. 강화교섭을 둘러싼 최대의 문제는 독립 후 일본의 안전보장을 어떻게 하는가에 있었으며, 요시다는 일본 재군비는 거절한다는 방침을 견지하면서도 경찰예비대 창설 등 국내 치안을 명분으로 한 점진적인 군비확장을 꾀하고 있었다. 그러나 강화조약의 조정을 위한 미일 간의 본격적인 교섭이 시작되자, 요시다는 5만의 보안대 창설을 제안하는 등 미국의 재군비 요구에 적극적으로 대응하는 것으로 조기강화를 실현시키고자 하였으며, 5만 명의 보안대야말로 장래 민주적 군대로서 훌륭하게 육성하고 싶다는 포부를 밝히기도 하였다. 이외에도 요시다가 재군비의 필요성을 주장한 사실은 여러 곳에서 발견된다. 결과적으로 급진적이든 점진적이든 요시다는 재군비에 동의하는 형식을 취하며 강화조약과 안보조약을 체결하였으며, 이는 바꿔 말하자면 강화문제와 기지문제가 재군비라는 단 하나의 행위로 모두 해결된 것을 의미한다. 즉 일본 재군비는 요시다 자신의 생각과 반드시 위배되는 것만은 아니었으며, 군대를 보유하기 위해서 먼저 경제적인 기반을 갖추어야 한다는 요시다의 생각은 결국 동전의 양면과 같은 논리에 불과한 것이다. 또한 일본의 경제부흥과 아시아 여러 나라들의 우려를 근거로 내세운 요시다의 무군비 주장은 이 모든 정치적 전략을 봉인하기에 아주 적합한 수단이었다. Studies on the rearmament of Japan have a strong tendency to be dealt with in a position that Japan had to be led to the change of the US and international situations. However, it is necessary to reconsider a series of processes from the San Francisco Peace Treaty to the Japan-US Security Treaty in the aspect that they are not just `passive`. This is because the rearmament of Japan was not just necessarily against Yoshida`s own thought. The biggest problem over peace negotiation within Japan was “how security assurance for Japan after independence should be”, and Yoshida was holding fast to the policy that Japan refuses rearmament until peace treaty is concluded. But as the full-scale negotiation for adjustment of peace treaty with Dulles started in January 1951, Yoshida changed the existing position about rearmament and suggested the establishment of new security forces with 50 thousand soldiers including army and navy. About this fact, Yoshida himself revealed that there was no way except for yielding to the demand of Dulles but the facts that Yoshida was admitting necessity of Japan`s rearmament after the peace treaty are found in various places. Only, Yoshida was to promote gradual rearmament based on the strategy that economic groundwork should be fully prepared first in order to retain armed forces. In this aspect, Yoshida`s non-armament contention asserting the article 9 of the constitution and Japan`s economic revival and concerns of many Asian countries as the grounds was the means very suitable for sealing his political strategy.

일본의 국제질서관과 중국

김남은(Kim, Nam-eun) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2017 亞細亞硏究 Vol.60 No.2

중국은 1990년대 급속한 경제성장으로 세계정치의 하나의 ‘극’으로 부상했으며, 이에 대한 일본의 충격은 지금까지 경험하지 못했던 “처음으로 중국에 추월당하고 있다.”는 느낌과 표리관계를 이룬다. 그러나 중국의 부상을 새로운 현상으로 바라보는 것 자체가 하나의 ‘인지적 관성’인지도 모른다. 일본의 의식구조에는 ‘탈아입구’(脫亞入歐)를 완수한 일본이 중국보다 우월하다는 관념, 즉 ‘탈아시아’적 서열의식이 뿌리 깊게 자리 잡고 있으며, 그것은 메이지유신 이후 전후를 거치면서 일본이 리드해 왔던 동아시아 질서가 이제 중국에 의해 주도될지도 모른다는 두려움에 다름 아니다. 이처럼 일본은 자신들의 ‘탈아시아’ 인식과 중국의 부상이라는 갭으로부터 생겨난 ‘인지적 부조화’를 경험하고 있으며, 이러한 현상은 역사적 맥락과 불가분의 관계에 있다. 즉 일본인들에게는 일본이 계속 경쟁력을 가진 국제적 행위자로 남아있어야 한다는 마음과 동아시아를 선도해야 한다는 욕구가 여전히 존재하고 있으며, 이러한 아시아의 주도권을 선점하려는 욕구가 지속되는 한, 향후에도 위상을 둘러싼 파워경쟁은 불가피할 것이다. 본 연구는 이러한 일본의 국제질서관이 내포하고 있는 구조적인 문제를 지적하고 있으며, 동시에 일본의 대중 인식 패러다임의 가장 본질적인 문제로서 근대지식체계의 차별구조를 조명해 내고 있다. China emerged to be one of the poles of the World politics owing to its rapid economic growth in the 1990’s, and Japan’s shock received from the above fact makes the two-side relation with the feeling “we are being overtaken by China for the first time.” that it could not experience yet. However, it can be seen that the fact itself that they look at the rise of China as a new phenomenon is one ‘cognitive inertia’. In the perceptive structure of Japanese, the concept that Japan which completed ‘Getting out of Asia and Entry into Europe’ is superior to China, namely ‘Getting out of Asia’-like concept of rank settles down deep-rootedly, and it is nothing but the fear that the East Asia order which Japan has been leading might be led by China henceforward. In other words, the fear that hierarchical order similar to the traditional order in the East Asia might be resurrected is shaking present Japan. Like this, Japanese are experiencing ‘cognitive inharmony’ that comes from the gap between their own ‘Getting out of Asia’ cognition and the rise of China, and such a phenomenon is in the inseparable relation with the historical context. In Japanese’s heart, the mind that Japan should remain the international doer which has competitiveness and the desire that it should lead the East Asia still exist continuously. In addition, as long as the desire to preoccupy the hegemony over Asia lasts, the power struggle surrounding the statuses will be unavoidable in the future as well. This is really a structural problem that Japan’ View of International Order involves and the most intrinsic problem of the public awareness paradigm.

공동주택단지 조경수 실태분석을 통한 농장 개선방안 연구

김남은 ( Nam Eun Kim ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2013 농업생명과학연구 Vol.44 No.2

This study is to find out actual condition of use of landscaping tree within apartment housing complexes, predict hopeful species of trees hereafter and improve species of trees in farm of landscaping tree and its production and management, and result of this study is: 1. Since 1998, Pinus densiflora and Taxus cuspidata within apartment housing complexes have changed their standard into a large size tree gradually, and changes in 2008 are tending to expand to a large size standard and various species of trees. 2. From 1998 to 2008, changes in species of indeciduous forest tree do not show any big difference, but at the case of deciduous shrub, changes were about 1.5 times from 1998 to 2003 and double 2 times in 2008. Also at the case of deciduous shrub, it does not show any difference from 1998 to 2003, but it expanded, in 2008, into species of trees which are about double almost. 3. Development of farm began from 1983, and indeciduous forest tree is 16%, 3 species except Pinus densiflora, and indeciduous shrub is 12%, 2 species except Euonymus japonica, and deciduous forest tree is 64%, 15 species except Zelkova serrata, and deciduous shrub shows 8% of component ratio, 1 species except Syringa dilatata, and it contains species of deciduous trees the most. 4. For improvement plan of the farm, it should try to find plan to decrease gradually holding quantity of Pinus densiflora, Pinus parviflora and Juniperus chinensis var. kaizuka etc. which took lots of maintenance expanses. Also it is desirable for Zinnia elegans which demand increases continually and management does not need too much and for Chionanthus retusa which is a native species of trees to upkeep present complex. 5. Hereafter the farm is desirable to upkeep Zelkova serrata and Chionanthus retusa complex which has continuous demand, and to improve to species of trees which can be prepared against global warming like improved species of trees, thorn etc. Especially it can reduce management expanses through species improvement of farm considering ecological character, and expansion of marketing can establish and manage homepage as a continuous public relation plan of farm.