김대중 평화사상의 형성과 정치적 실천

김귀옥 ( Kim¸ Gwi-ok ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2020 통일과 평화 Vol.12 No.2

20년 전 김대중 전 대통령은 노벨평화상을 수상했다. 노벨평화상을 수상했던 공적은 한반도 분단 이후 처음으로 남북정상회담을 성사시켰고, 전쟁 없는 한반도를 만들기 위해 노력했기 때문인 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 일부 사람들은 김대중의 과격성이나 위험성에 대해 문제제기를 해왔다. 과연 김대중은 평화주의적 면모가 있는가, 또한 평화적 실천을 했는가를 규명해 보고자 한다. 이 글에서는 우선 김대중의 평화주의 사상은 어떻게 만들어졌는가를 살펴볼 것이다. 다음으로 김대중의 정치적 트레이드마크이다시피 했던 평화통일론의 방점이 통일론에서 평화론으로 옮겨가게 된 과정을 살펴보고자 한다. 다음으로 김대중의 정치인생과 함께 했던 호남에 대한 지역차별주의 문제를 살펴보면서 차별이라는 폭력을 평화로 극복하는 모습을 살펴볼 것이다. 이제 마지막으로 사회구조적 폭력으로서의 계급적 차별과 성차별 문제에 대한 관심과 지향과 함께 평화운동을 위한 주체로서의 시민사회 형성에서 김대중의 역할을 간략하게 살펴보고자 한다. Former president Kim Dae-jung was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 20 years ago. It is a well-known fact that he was awarded for the arrangement of the first inter-Korean summit since their division and his long effort to create a war-free Korean Peninsula. However, whether Kim was a dangerous radical has been debated by some people. Thus, this article intends to examine whether Kim was a pacifist and practiced peace in reality. The article begins with a brief introduction. The second section looks into the background of how Kim Dae-jung constructed the pacifist thoughts. The third section examines the peaceful unification theory, which was Kim’s political trademark, particularly on the process in which the focus shifted from the unification to the peace theory. This section also introduces the problem of regional discrimination against Honam, which had haunted Kim through his political career, and explores how he overcame the violence of discrimination through peace. This will be followed by the analysis of his orientations and policies on the social structural violences, focusing on the issues of class and gender discriminations. The section ends with a brief examination of Kim’s role as the leading actor of the peace movement in the formation of civil society and is followed by the conclusion, which summarises the central argument.

6 · 15남북공동선언의 대북관에 대한 영향

김귀옥(Kim, Gwi Ok) 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2020 통일인문학 Vol.83 No.-

이 글은 6·15남북공동선언이 남한 사람들의 대북관에 어떤 변화를 주었는가를 살펴보고 있다. 2020년은 6·15남북공동선언 발표된 지 20년이 되는 해이다. 6·15남북공동선언과 김대중 정부와 노무현 정부 시기에는 북한과 다양한 분야에서 교류와 협력 사업이 진행되었다. 남한과 북한과의 다양한 교류와 협력 사업이 일반인들의 대북관에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는가를 살펴보기 위해 통일연구원의 연도별 ‘국민통일의식조사’결과를 통해 변화를 추적해 보았다. 그 결과 김대중 정부 이전에는 남한 사람 중 북한을 ‘적대관계’로 인식하는 사람들이 많았지만, 6·15남북공동선언 이후에는 협력관계로 인식하는 사람들이 늘어났다. 동시에 6·15남북공동선언 이전에 비해 긍정적인 대북관을 가진 사람들이 많아졌다. 그러나 남한 사람들의 북한에 대한 신뢰의 문제는 쉽게 바뀌지 않는 것으로 보인다. 다시 말해 긍정적인 대북관을 가진 사람들이 늘어났다고 하여 북한에 대한 신뢰감이 높아진 것을 의미하는 것은 아니라는 점이다. 우리가 가져야 할 진정한 대북관은 냉전적이거나 반공적 대북관을 벗어나 긍정적 대북관을 갖는 것이 아니다. 즉 평화번영의 한반도에서 남북한 사람들이 자유롭게 교류하고 협력하는 과정에 탈냉전적이고 객관적인 관점을 획득하는 데 있다. This article examines how the June 15 South-North Joint Declaration (June 15 Declaration for short) changed South Koreans’ views on North Korea. The year 2020 marks the 20th anniversary of the June 15 Declaration. During Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun administrations after the June 15 Declaration, policies, and businesses of exchanges and cooperation between South and North Korea were carried out in various areas. To see how inter-Korean businesses of exchange and cooperation have affected the people’s view on North Korea, I tracked the changes of the views on North Korea by investigating the annual “National Survey on Unification” of the Korea Institute for National Unification. As a result, there were a lot of South Koreans who had hostility against North Korea before the Kim Dae-jung administration, but after the June 15 Declaration, the number of South Koreans who felt cooperative toward the relationship between North and South Korea increased. At the same time, more people have a positive view on North Korea than before the June 15 Declaration. However, the issue of South Korean’s trust in North Korea does not seem to have changed easily. And the growing number of people with a positive view on North Korea does not seem to mean that their trust has increased in North Korea. The true view on North Korea that we should take is to break away from the government-led Cold War or anti-communist view of the North. In other words, acquire diverse images in the process of peaceful exchange and cooperation in the Korean peninsula of peace and prosperity.

일본식민주의가 한국전쟁기 한국군위안부제도에 미친 영향과 과제

김귀옥 ( Gwi-ok Kim ) 한국사회사학회 2014 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.103

1951년부터 1954년까지 한국군에 설치되었던 한국군위안부제도는 일본식민주의의 결과물이었다. 1945년 8월 15일에 일제로부터 식민지 조선은 해방되었지만 식민주의가 청산되지 않은 채 수립된 대한민국의 모든 국가 기구에는 일제의 인적요소나 물적 요소가 그대로 남아 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 일본식민주의가 남긴 군사문화도 한국 군사문화에 지속되었다. 그러한 일본식민주의 군사문화 중 하나가 한국전쟁기에 설치되어 운영된 한국군위안부제도였다. 이 글에서는 한국전쟁기 한국군대에서 한국군위안부제도가 만들어지게 된 원인을 식민주의 문제에 초점을 맞춰 규명하였다. 우선 역사적 사실로서의 한국군 위안부제도를 간략하게 짚어보고, 둘째 한국군위안부제도를 누가 만들었는가를 규명했다. 마지막으로 한국군위안부와 일본군위안부와의 공통성을 짚어본 후 일본식민주의와 얽힌 문제 해결을 위한 과제를 제시하였다. The comfort women system of the Korean Military that was operated from 1951 to 1954 resulted from Japanese colonialism. Though Colonial Korea (Chosun) was liberated from Japanese Imperialism in 1945, all the state apparatuses of the Republic of Korea were still under the influence of Japanese colonial legacies. There remained Japanese military culture in the Korean military. One of Japanese military cultures was the military comfort women system, whose Korean version was made and managed during the Korean War. This paper examines the cause of the comfort women system of the Korean Military, focusing on its relation to Japanese Colonialism. It firstly reviews the historical facts about the comfort women system of the Korean Military through Hoo Bang Jun Sa (『後方戰史』) written by ROK army headquarters in 1956. Secondly, it investigates who made the Korean military comfort women system. And lastly, it inquires the commonalities between Korean comfort women system and Japanese comfort women system and proposes solutions on the problems concerning Japanese Colonialism.

우리나라 중소 OEM 수출기업의 ODM 수출기업으로의 발전전략에 관한 연구 - 사례분석을 중심으로

김귀옥(Kim Gwi Ok),배정한(Bae Jung Han) 한국무역상무학회 2007 貿易商務硏究 Vol.33 No.-

  At present, more than 80% export made by Korean small-medium sized companies is OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturing). But OEM export of made-in korea products has been facing limitations from 1990s. Some leading companies among those small-medium sized companies which have been fulfilling OEM export are transferring their exporting strategies to Own Brand or ODM (Original Development/Design Manufacturing) and some of their strategies successful. However, most of small-medium sized OEM exporting companies are still groping for some ways to upgrading to Own Brand or ODM exporting strategies.<BR>  Therefore, this article deals with how the leading ODM exporting companies have been transferred from OEM to ODM exporting strategies. It also discusses the primary factors of success and barrier and how to develop the ODM exporting strategies based on investigating literature and interviews with the leading ODM exporting companies.

1980년대 북한 사회의 발전과 좌절의 기로

김귀옥(Gwi Ok Kim) 북한대학원대학교 2004 현대북한연구 Vol.7 No.1

한국화 감상지도를 위한 ICT 자료 개발에 관한 연구

김귀옥(Kim, Kwi-Ok) 한국미술교육학회 2010 美術敎育論叢 Vol.24 No.2

한국화에서 산수화 감상지도는 직접 미술관에 가서 그림을 접하고, 그 작가가 보았던 실제 경관을 이동시점과 산점투시로 직접 산책하며 면면히 관찰하여, 작가의 정신적인 면까지 이해하려는 접근이 가장 좋으나, 이는 현실적으로 시․공간의 제약으로 곤란하다. 또한 교실 수업 시, 서양의 고정시점에 의한 투시도법과 달리 한국화는 이동시점과 산점투시의 독특한 공간전개로 그림이 가로로 길거나 세로로 긴 파노라마식으로 그려지는데, 이를 현장의 프로젝션 TV나 슬라이드로 제시했을 때 화면의 비율차로 그림이 작게 보여 감상이 제대로 이루어지기 어려우며, 공간의 변화하는 시선을 학생들에게 설명하기에는 많은 한계와 어려움이 따른다. 현 교육현장의 환경에서 이러한 어려움을 극복할 수 있는 좋은 방법은 ICT 자료의 개발과 이를 활용한 교육이라고 본다. 따라서 이러한 한계점을 극복할 수 있는 ICT 자료를 개발하여 그림 속 인물이 되어 작가가 바라봤던 시선으로 아바타가 이동하여 그림 속을 거닐게 함으로써 어떻게 화가가 바라보고 체험했는지를 알 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 그림 속에 녹아있는 인물들을 찾으면서 우리 조상들의 자연과 하나 되고자 했던 자연합일 사상을 발견 할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 한국화의 이해를 통해 산수화를 그려보게 함으로써 이동시점과 산점투시의 이해를 그림에 적용할 수 있도록 ICT 자료(http://cont152.edunet4u.net/ ~lt15045)를 개발하여, 교육현장에서 쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. In Korea, there have been many efforts to pour in more interest in the Korean paintings, which are part of the traditional Korean arts, and to teach the uses of traditional materials and devices and the traditional expressions. Research efforts have also been made into the moving dots and disperse perspective drawing, which are the formative characteristics of Korean paintings among others. But the schools have failed to go beyond the introduction of the materials and devices of Korean paintings. The purpose of this study was to develop ICT materials to help the teachers easily perceive and teach moving dots and disperse perspective drawing, which are the major tools to express space, in teaching how to appreciate Koreans paintings to the students. The best approaches to appreciation of Korean paintings are to go to a gallery to see the pictures first-hand and to take a walk in the actual landscape from the pictures making thorough observations with moving dots and disperse perspective drawing and trying to understand the mental aspects of the artists. But they are impossible due to the time and space limitations. Unlike the western paintings that adopt a perspective projection based on the fixed point of view, the Korean paintings show unique spatial development based on moving dots and disperse perspective drawing and thus are in a panoramic format with the long horizontal or vertical side. When they are shown through a projection TV or slides, the ratio difference of the screen makes them very small, which hinders the right appreciation and causes many restrictions and difficulties regarding explaining about the points of views changing in space. One good way to overcome such difficulties in today's educational environment is to develop and utilize ICT materials. In the ICT materials developed in the study, the students move along the viewpoints of the artists as avatars and stroll around the pictures to understand what the artists must have seen and experienced. The materials were also intended to help them discover the ancestors' spirit of becoming one with nature by finding the characters immersed in the paintings. After understanding Korean paintings, the students were instructed to paint a traditional landscape painting themselves to apply what they understood about moving dots and disperse perspective drawing to their painting.

물류정보시스템의 현황과 활성화방안에 관한 연구

김귀옥(Gwi-Ok Kim),배정한(Jung-Han Bae) 중앙대학교 한국전자무역연구소 2008 전자무역연구 Vol.6 No.3

근래 물류정보시스템은 국가경제에서 그 중요성에 대하여 아주 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. 그러나 시스템의 이용정도는 물류기업의 능력에 의해 달라질 수 있다는 것에 유의해야 한다. 우리나라에서는 물류정보시스템에 대한 연구가 최근 들어 활발히 이루어지고 있으나 물류정보시스템을 실제 도입하여, 이를 활용하고 있는 기업은 대기업에 한정되어 있고 이를 실천하고 있는 기업에서도 대부분 개별적 물류관리에 초점을 맞추고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 물류정보시스템의 전반적인 특성과 현황을 살펴본 다음, 물류정보시스템 활용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 도출하여, 물류정보시스템 활성화방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 바탕으로 물류효율성 증대와 물류비 절감을 통해 기업의 경쟁력 강화에 도움을 주고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. The logisics information system has been recently attracting a great deal of attention for its importance in the national economy. It should be noted, however, that the degree of the system utiliztion differs by the capabilities of the logistics firms. Recently, the study on logistics information system has been conducted vividly. However, only some of large-sized companies are actually embracing and using logistics information system. And even they are only focusing on the partial logistics not on the total. This study is to examine the general characteristics and present situation of logistics information system, detecting the factors which have an effect on using the system and suggesting the ways of vitalization of the system. The purpose of this study is to help companies enhance their competitiveness by increase of logistics efficiency and the decrease of logistics cost.

한국 구술사 연구 현황, 쟁점과 과제

김귀옥 ( Gwi-ok Kim ) 한국사회사학회 2006 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.71

The purpose of this paper is to present an introductory overview of how oral history research in South Korea is currently being conducted. Furthermore, this paper also examines some of the issues presently affecting oral history. And then this research takes a careful look at the upcoming trends and methodological discussions that will influence oral history research. Finally, I propose that oral history archives must be established by national or non-governmental funds in order to develop Korean studies as well as oral history research.

한국전쟁기 남성 부재와 시집살이 여성

김귀옥(Kim, Gwi-Ok) 역사비평사 2012 역사비평 Vol.- No.101

This paper is founded on 19 elderly women’s narratives on the Korean War, which were discovered in their Sijipsali narratives investigated for 2 years from 2008, i.e., narratives of women who had lived with their husband’s parents and families. The 19 elderly women were from the 10s to the 30s during the Korean War, and 16 of them were married and lived with their husband"s parents and families. While men’s war narratives were mainly based on their heroic exploits, elderly women’s war narratives showed the following. Firstly, they wanted to evade or drop the war narratives. Secondly, their memories on the war were based on their experience. For an example, several persons among them called the Korean War ‘the June War’ or ‘the November War’, etc. And they might have little anti-communist dichotomical consciousness that South Korean army was good and North Korean army was evil. Thirdly, their Sijipsali narrative was remembered as that of their husband’s absence, extreme poverty, and severe discrimination by their husband’s families during the war. After their husbands were conscripted during the war, they had to support their children and husband’s families on behalf of the husband. Fourly, the women had realized that although the husband was bad, a bad husband was better than absence of husband. Lastly, they seemed to have a kind of heroine consciousness that they had overcome such adversities. Although they were different from each other individually, they sometimes played the same role to protect a patriarchism, nationalism, and anti-communism.

지자체 소셜미디어의 대화커뮤니케이션 특성과 공중 커뮤니케이션 행동이 조직-공중관계성에 미치는 영향 -페이스북과 트위터를 중심으로

김귀옥 ( Kwiok Kim ),차희원 ( Heewon Cha ) 한국PR학회 2016 PR연구 Vol.20 No.1

The goal of this study is to articulate any peculiarity of social media’s dialogic communication run by local government and any effects of dialogic communication and publics’ communication behaviors on organization-public relationships. Main results of this study are as follows. In terms of media type, Twitter has more distinguishable traits of dialogic communication than Facebook and the traits of social media’s dialogic communication were recognized highest in Jeonbuk among the regions of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Busan. And it was also found that there is quite a big difference between actual implementation of dialogic communication and audience awareness. Where the traits of dialogic communication is highly perceived, organization-public relationships is also perceived high. In this context, Twitter and Jeonbuk Region showed high degree of organization-public relationships while low degree of organization-public relationships were shown in Facebook and Gyonggi Region. This result explains the stronger the traits of dialogic communication get, the higher the degree of organization-public relationships become. The moderating effects were found between dialogic communication and organization-public relationships in accordance with the types of public communication behaviors on Twitter but neither on Facebook. Empirically verifying any mutual relationship between the dialogic communication of 5 local governments’ Twitter and Facebook, this study has practical implication which shed lights on the management and strategy building of local government’s social media use.