Hot Cell 내의 고방사능 분진 제거를 위한 사이클론 적용 실험

김계남,이성열,원휘준,정종헌,오원진,Kim Gye Nam,Lee Sung Yeol,Won Hui Jun,Jung Chong Hun,Oh Won Zin 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.3 No.1

원자력시설 핫셀 (Hot Cell)내에서 핵종실험 시 발생하는 고방사능 분진(Hot Particulate)의 크기는 0.5300 ${\mu}m$이고 주 핵종은 UO$_2$였다. 핫셀 내의 고방사능 분진을 제거하기 위해 사이클론과 Bag/HEPA필터로 구성된 장치를 고안하였고, 이 장치의 사이클론에 의해 고방사능 분진을 최대로 포집할 수 있는 실험조건을 제시했다. 모의입자의 크기가 클수록 입자의 포집효율은 높았다. 모의 입자의 크기가 5${\mu}m$ 이상일 때, 입자의 포집효율은 $80\%$보다 높았다. 모의 입자의 크기가 1.0 ${\mu}m$ 보다 작을 때, 포집효율은 $70\%$ 보다 작았다. 모의 입자의 유입속도가 12 m/sec보다 클 때, 포집효율은 $70\%$보다 높았다. 그러나 유입속도가 17 m/sec 보다 클 때 포집효율의 증가율은 크지 않았다. 모의입자의 포집효율은 Vortex Finder의 길이가 7.2 cm이하일 때, 길이의 증가와 함께 높아졌지만 7.2 cm 이상일 때는 낮아지기 시작했다. 그러므로 Vortex Finder의 길이가 7.2 cm 일 때, 최대포집효율을 나타냈다. 사이클론 밑에 보조콘 부착 시 모든 속도 범위에서 약 평균 $2\%$ 정도 포집효율이 증가하므로 보조콘 부착효과가 크지 않았다.

PFC제염폐액 내의 미립자 제거를 위한 여과막의 특성 연구

김계남,이성열,원휘준,정종헌,오원진,박진호,Kim Gye-Nam,Lee Sung-Yeol,Won Hui-Jun,Jung Chong-Hun,Oh Won-Zin,Park Jin-Ho 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.3 No.2

PFC(Perfluorocarbon) decontamination process is one of best methods to remove hot particulate adhered at inside surface of hot cell and surface of equipment in hot cell. It was necessary to develop a particulate filtration equipment to reuse PFC solution used on PFC decontamination due to its high cost and to minimize the volume of second wastewater. Contamination characteristics of hot particulate were investigated and then a filtration process was presented to remove hot particulate in PFC solution generated through PFC decontamination process. The removal efficiency of PVDF(Poly vinylidene fluoride), PP(Polypropylene), Ceramic(Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ filter showed more than 95$\%$. The removal efficiency of PVDF filter was a little lower than those of other kiters at same pressure(3psi). A ceramic filter showed a higher removal efficiency with other filters, while a little lower flux rate than other filters. Due to inorganic composition, a ceramic filter was highly stable against radio nuclides in comparison with PVDF and PP membrane, which generate H$_{2}$ gas in e-radioactivity atmosphere. Therefore, the adoption of ceramic filter is estimated to be suitable for the real nitration process.

우라늄 오염 동전기 침출액의 재이용을 위한 침전-여과 방법

김계남,손동빈,박혜민,김기홍,이기원,문제권,Kim, Gye-Nam,Shon, Dong-Bin,Park, Hye-Min,Kim, Ki-Hong,Lee, Ki-Won,Moon, Jeik-kwon 한국방사성폐기물학회 2011 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.9 No.2

우라늄 오염토양을 동전기제염 시 많은 양의 동전기 침출액이 발생한다. 발생된 우라늄 침출액을 재이용하기 위한 처리기술이 개발되었다. 동전기제염 시 발생된 우라늄침출액 내의 우라늄농도는 180 ppm이었고, Mg(II), K(I), Fe(II), Al(III) 농도는 20 ppm~1,210 ppm이었다. 우라늄침출액의 최적 처리공정은 혼합, 응집, 침전, 농축, 그리고 여과로 구성된다. 침전액의 pH를 11로 맞추기 위해, calcium hydroxide는 3.0g/100ml 그리고 sodium hydroxide는 2.7g/100ml이 필요했다. 여러 침전실험 결과 NaOH+0.2g alum+0.15g magnetite가 여과를 위한 최적 침전혼합제로 선정되었다. NaOH+0.2g alum+0.15g magnetite 투입 시 침전입자의 평균크기는 $600\;{\mu}m$이었다. pH=9에서 침전 후 상등액에 총 금속농도가 가장 낮았기 때문에, 최적 침전을 위하여 먼저 0.2g/100ml alum와 0.15g/100ml magnetite 투입한 후 pH=9일 때까지 sodium hydroxide을 투입하여야 한다. A large volume of uranium electrokinetic leachate has been generated during the electrokinetic decontamination to remove uranium from contaminated soil. The treatment technology for the reuse of the uranium leachate was developed. The concentration of uranium in the generated uranium leachate was 180 ppm and concentrations of Mg(II), K(I), Fe(II), and Al(III) ions ranged from 20 ppm to 1,210 ppm. The treatment process for uranium leachate consisted mainly of mixing and cohesion, precipitation, concentration, and filtration. In order to obtain the pH=11 of a precipitate solution, the calcium hydroxide needs to be 3.0g/100ml and the sodium hydroxide needed to be 2.7g/100ml. The results of several precipitation experiments showed that a mixture of NaOH+0.2g alum+0.15g magnetite was an optimal precipitant for filtration. The average particle size of precipitate with NaOH+alum+0.15g magnetite was $600\;{\mu}m$. Because the total value of metal concentrations in supernatant at pH=9 was the smallest, sodium hydroxide should be added with 0.2g alum and 0.15g magnetite for pH=9 of leachate.

열극암반에서의 지하수 유동 특성 분석

김계남,김재한,안종성,Kim, Gye-Nam,Kim, Jae-Han,An, Jong-Seong 한국수자원학회 1990 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.23 No.2

본 연구에서는 암반에 분포된 열극이 미치는 영향을 고려하여 줌으로써 암반에서의 지하수 유동특성을 보다 더 정확하게 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 GFFP-WT 모형을 사용하여 암반에서의 지하수 유동 특성을 분석해 본 결과, 암반의 특수계수가 작은 화강반암 지층에서는 등수두선이 수렴하므로 지하수 유동로의 방향이 변화되며, 암반내에 분포한 열극은 유동지역의 수두분포값을 변화시키므로 지하수의 유동시간에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. For a detailed understanding of groundwater flow in rock mass, the effect of major fractures, topography and coefficent of permeability has been evaluated. The numerical model of GFFP-WT was used for the purpose. The results indicate that in the granite porphyry layer with a small permeability, the direction of flow path changes due to convergence of equipotential lines, while the travel time changes due to the presence of fractured in rock masses.

방사성토양 복원을 위한 수직형 동전기-세정장치의 최적제염조건 도출

김계남,양병일,문제권,이근우,Kim, Gye-Nam,Yang, Byeong-Il,Moon, Jei-Kwon,Lee, Kune-Woo 한국방사성폐기물학회 2009 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Vertical electrokintic-flushing remediation equipment was developed for the remediation of a radioactive soil near nuclear facilities. An optimum reagent was selected to decontaminate the radioactive soil near nuclear facilities with the developed vertical electrokintic-flushing remediation equipment, and the optimum remediation conditions were established to obtain a higher remediation efficiency. Namely, acetic acid was selected as an optimum reagent due to its higher remediation efficiency. When the electrokinetic remediation and the electrokinetic-flushing remediation results were compared, the removal efficiency of 4.6% and the soil waste solution volume of 1.5 times were increased in the electrokinetic remediation. When the potential gradient within an electrokinetic soil cell was increased by two times (4.0 V/cm), the removal efficiencies of $Co^{2+}$ and $Cs^+$ were increased by about 4.3%($Co^{2+}$ : 98.9%, $Cs^+$ : 96.7%). Also, when the reagent concentration was increased from 0.01M to 0.05M, the removal efficiency of $Co^{2+}$ was increased but that of $Cs^+$ was decreased. Therefore, the optimum remediation conditions were that the acetic concentration was $0.01M{\sim}0.05M$, the potential gredient was 4 V/cm, the injection of reagent 2.4ml/g, and the remediation period was 20days.

방사성오염토양 제염을 위한 동전기세정장치 개발

김계남,정윤호,이정준,문제권,정종헌,정운수,Kim, Gye-Nam,Jung, Yun-Ho,Lee, Jung-Joon,Moon, Jei-Kwon,Jung, Chong-Hun,Chung, Un-Soo 한국방사성폐기물학회 2008 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

This study examined the effect of an electrokinetic-flushing remediation for a soil of a high permeability. The soil was sampled from the site around a research atomic reactor which had high hydro-conductivities due to a high content of sand in the soil. The flow rate of the washing reagent was fast at the beginning but it was reduced as time lapsed. In the case of using citric acid as a washing reagent, the flow rate was fastest, 78.7 ml/day. The removal efficiencies of $Co^{2+}$ and $Cs^+$ from a soil cell with acetic acid were the highest, which were 95.2% and 84.2% respectively. The soil waste-solution volume generated from the electrokinetic remediation was reduced to about 1/20 of that from the soil washing remediation. Meanwhile, the electrokinetic-flushing method enhanced the removal efficiencies of $Co^{2+}$ and $Cs^+$ from the soil by about 6% and 2% respectively, compared to those by the electrokinetic method. Consequently, it was found that the electrokinetic-flushing method was more effective for the remediation of a soil with a high permeability.

Hot Cell 내에 오염된 고방사능분진 제거를 위한 사이클론 개발 및 성능평가

김계남,원휘준,최왕규,정종헌,오원진,박진호,Kim Gye-Nam,Won Hui-Jun,Choi Wang-Kyu,Jung Chong-Hun,Oh Won-Zin,Park Jin-Ho 한국방사성폐기물학회 2006 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.4 No.3

The structural and contamination characteristics of hot cells at KAERI were investigated. The SEM results showed that the size of the hot particulate on the inner surface of the hot cell ranged from 0.2 to $10{\mu}m$. It was found that an inlet flow rate of 15 m/sec was suitable for this developed cyclone with a 49 mm optimum vortex finder length. The results showed that the collection efficiency was about 85% for $3{\mu}m$ particles. The collection efficiency didn't show a sharp increase when the inlet flow rate was faster than 15m/sec. When the temperature of the inlet flow gas was increased, the collection efficiency of the cyclone was slightly decreased. The larger the vortex finder length was, the higher the pressure drop in the cyclone was. The cut size diameter decreased with an increment of the Reynolds number. It was established that the flow in the cyclone was a turbulent flow on the basis of the Reynolds number and this turbulent flow caused a pressure drop in the cyclone. $Stk^{1/2}_{50}$ decreased with increasing values of the Reynolds number and it gradually approached a constant value at a higher value of the Reynolds number Namely, $Stk^{1/2}_{50}$ approached approximately 0.045 between 6000 and 8000 of the Reynolds number.

PFC 제염 시 발생된 PFC 폐액의 재사용을 위한 여과장치 개발 및 성능평가

김계남,정철진,원휘준,최왕규,정종헌,오원진,박진호,Kim Gye-Nam,Jeong Cheol-Jin,Won Hui-Jun,Choi Wang-Kyu,Jung Chong-Hun,Oh Won-Zin,Park Jin-Ho 한국방사성폐기물학회 2006 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.4 No.2

PFC(Perfluorocarbon) decontamination process is one of best methods to remove hot particulate adhered on the inner surface of hot cell and surface of equipment in hot cell. It was necessary to develop a filtration equipment to reuse the PFC waste solution generated on PFC decontamination due to the high cost of PFC solution and for minimization of the volume of second waste solution. The filtration equipment was developed to remove hot particulate in PFC waste solution. It was made suitable size and weight in consideration of hot cell gate and crane. And it has wheels for easy movement. Flux of the filtration equipment decreased with particulate concentration increase. It consists of pre-filter($1.4{\mu}m$) and final-filter($0.2{\mu}m$) for protection of the flux decrease along filtration time. It treatment capacity of waste solution is 0.2 L/min.

초산완충액에 으한 동전기적 토양복원 효과 증진 연구

김계남(Gye Nam Kim),오원진(Won Zin Oh) 大韓環境工學會 2000 대한환경공학회지 Vol.22 No.11

금속 시편 형태에 따른 PEC 초음파 제염 성능

원휘준,김계남,정종헌,박진호,오원진,Won Hui-Jun,Kim Gye-Nam,Jung Chung-Hun,Park Jin-Ho,Oh Won-Zin 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.3 No.4

Ultrasonic decontamination of the type 304 stainless steel specimen loosely contaminated with $Eu_2O_3$ powders was investigated. Decontamination factors (DFs) by the three kinds of ultrasonic media such as water, pure PFC (Pefluorocarbon, $C_7F_{16}$) and a mixed solution of $99.9\;vol\%\;PFC\;and\;0.1\;vol\%$ anionic surfactant were determined. The determined DF values were 20, 50 and 200, respectively. This significant difference in the decontamination factors for the different decontamination solution was well explained by the surface tension of the media as well as the interaction between the positively charged surface of $Eu_2O_3$ powders and the anionic surfactant. Ultrasonic decontamination behavior of the loosely contaminated metal specimens such as plate, pipe, welding specimen and crevice specimen in the mixed solution of PFC and anionic surfactant was also investigated. The contaminants were completely removed for the tested specimens except for the longest specimen. For 6-cm long pipe specimen, however, $98.5\%$ of the contaminants were removed.