Anthroponymy of the Koryo Saram

김게르만 단국대한국민족학연구소 1993 한국민족학 연구 Vol.1 No.-

CIS(독립국연합 : 러시아 중앙아시아) 고려인의 역사성과 정체성

김게르만 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2009 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국내학술회의 Vol.2009 No.8

카자흐스탄 한인[韓人] 사회의 당면 과제 및 전망

김게르만 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2000 역사문화연구 Vol.13 No.-

카자흐스탄 韓人社會의 形成과 發展

김게르만 한국민족운동사학회 1993 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.7 No.-

고 송무 지은[소련 중앙 아시아의 한인들]

김게르만 한글학회 1989 한글 Vol.- No.206

구소련 붕괴 이후 중앙아시아 고려인의 사회-경제 그리고 민족문화의 발전과정

김게르만 사단법인 한국민족연구원 2010 민족연구 Vol.0 No.43

This paper considers the most significant changes taking place among Central Asian Koreans. The purpose of the author is a complex analysis of current demographical, social-cultural and ethnic processes of the Korean diasporas in differentiated contexts of developing independent states: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and others. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the founding of the CIS, another new page was opened in the history of the Korean [Koryo saram]. They are again being forced to adapt, this time to the nationalizing republics of Central Asia. For the last two decades the number of Korean population has reduced and it was caused both by the deteriorating socio-economic conditions and lower birth rate, higher death rate, migrations from the Central Asian region. There are new trends in the social structure and professional occupation among the Korean Diasporas in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries of the Central Asia. Deterioration of the living conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union has put the majority of population including Koreans on the brink of survival. Non-payments of salaries and their general reduction when prices were getting higher made millions of people quit their former jobs and take up other activities bringing profit. As a result we faced the process of washout of the academic and creative intelligentsia among the Korean and on the one hand, reduction of the number of white-collar workers and increase in the number of those engaged in their own small or medium businesses. Prolonged living in the countries other than countries of their origin transforms generations of immigrants into a sub-ethnos-Diaspora, broken off from its ethnic nucleus and being different from it in some peculiarities of their culture, way of life and language. The identity and self-consciousness evolution in the diasporic environment is, as a rule, several generations long as they are determined by a whole set of factors both of inner nature and outer characteristics. Koreans in the Central Asia have experienced the change of the Soviet identity into national identity of a sovereign state in which they were born and are living now. "The revolutionary" change of national belonging was the consequence of the political cataclysm-collapse of the Soviet Union. At the same time the evolutionary transformation of ethnic consciousness of the post Soviet Koreans has not become cardinal to cause its change. Twenty years is not a long time in the history of any nation but the years gone through at the turn of the century and millennium have turned to be extremely rich in crucial historical events, radical transformation of socio-political system and social relations. Korean Diasporas of the Central Asia are facing new challenges, they have to solve vital problems and determine their further development. Besides internal national factors Diasporas living in the Central Asia are influenced by wide and active ties with their historical motherlands, Koreans not being an exception in this sense. The relations between the Republic of Korea on the one hand and Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan where about one third of all the former Soviet Koreans live, on the other hand, have been rapidly developing. These relations covered all the aspects of political, socio-economic, cultural and scientific life. In order to achieve more efficient and rapid development of such relations it is necessary to create 'a system of centralized management'. There is no long-term, well thought out, expedient program of cooperation with Korean Diasporas in the post soviet Central Asia and Russia. The South Korean government and NGOs are focusing on supporting not on cooperation programs with the Korean Diasporas in the former USSR. Koryo saram are blood brothers to the Korean from the South and North but due to the historical destiny they are different from each other in mentality, psychology, habits, and life styles. It is crucial to kn... This paper considers the most significant changes taking place among Central Asian Koreans. The purpose of the author is a complex analysis of current demographical, social-cultural and ethnic processes of the Korean diasporas in differentiated contexts of developing independent states: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and others. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the founding of the CIS, another new page was opened in the history of the Korean [Koryo saram]. They are again being forced to adapt, this time to the nationalizing republics of Central Asia. For the last two decades the number of Korean population has reduced and it was caused both by the deteriorating socio-economic conditions and lower birth rate, higher death rate, migrations from the Central Asian region. There are new trends in the social structure and professional occupation among the Korean Diasporas in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries of the Central Asia. Deterioration of the living conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union has put the majority of population including Koreans on the brink of survival. Non-payments of salaries and their general reduction when prices were getting higher made millions of people quit their former jobs and take up other activities bringing profit. As a result we faced the process of washout of the academic and creative intelligentsia among the Korean and on the one hand, reduction of the number of white-collar workers and increase in the number of those engaged in their own small or medium businesses. Prolonged living in the countries other than countries of their origin transforms generations of immigrants into a sub-ethnos-Diaspora, broken off from its ethnic nucleus and being different from it in some peculiarities of their culture, way of life and language. The identity and self-consciousness evolution in the diasporic environment is, as a rule, several generations long as they are determined by a whole set of factors both of inner nature and outer characteristics. Koreans in the Central Asia have experienced the change of the Soviet identity into national identity of a sovereign state in which they were born and are living now. "The revolutionary" change of national belonging was the consequence of the political cataclysm-collapse of the Soviet Union. At the same time the evolutionary transformation of ethnic consciousness of the post Soviet Koreans has not become cardinal to cause its change. Twenty years is not a long time in the history of any nation but the years gone through at the turn of the century and millennium have turned to be extremely rich in crucial historical events, radical transformation of socio-political system and social relations. Korean Diasporas of the Central Asia are facing new challenges, they have to solve vital problems and determine their further development. Besides internal national factors Diasporas living in the Central Asia are influenced by wide and active ties with their historical motherlands, Koreans not being an exception in this sense. The relations between the Republic of Korea on the one hand and Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan where about one third of all the former Soviet Koreans live, on the other hand, have been rapidly developing. These relations covered all the aspects of political, socio-economic, cultural and scientific life. In order to achieve more efficient and rapid development of such relations it is necessary to create 'a system of centralized management'. There is no long-term, well thought out, expedient program of cooperation with Korean Diasporas in the post soviet Central Asia and Russia. The South Korean government and NGOs are focusing on supporting not on cooperation programs with the Korean Diasporas in the former USSR. Koryo saram are blood brothers to the Korean from the South and North but due to the historical destiny they are different from each other in mentality, psychology, habits, and life styles. It is crucial to know our ...

10월 혁명과 재소한인(在蘇韓人)

김게르만 한국정치외교사학회 1998 한국정치외교사논총 Vol.19 No.-

한인의 러시아 극동지역 이주와 정착

김게르만 한국민족운동사학회 2005 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.42 No.-

Based on the extensive historical sources and first of all on the statistical data, the article examines the history of migration of Koreans to the Russian Far East. Originally the Korean peasants migrated to the borderline territories of the Russian Far East and Manchuria where inhabitants of the Korean peninsular had had a long history of land cultivation. In the Russian Maritime provinces and neighboring regions the Korean settlers of the period under consideration appeared in the first half of 60-ies of the XIX century. The pre-revolutionary immigration to Russia underwent three stages in its development: 1863~1884; 1884~1905; 1905~1917, each of them was characterized by different volume, speed and character of migration and also by the policy of the tsarist Russia regarding the influx of the Korean migrants.

Синханчхон – прототип «кориатауна» в России

김게르만 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 러시아연구소 2017 슬라브연구 Vol.33 No.4

The origin of the settlement structures of the Koreans in the Russian Far East or in Soviet Central Asia has not yet been the subject of a special analysis, although this topic is undoubtedly an actual scientific interest in the study of the diaspora. So far, such expressions as “Korean collective farms”, “Ushtobe - the capital of Koreans”, “Kuiluk - Korean bazaar” (Tashkent) have been used in colloquial speech, and this suggests that there is a certain specificity in the character of Koreans living in different types of populated points. This aspect can be explored from the standpoint of economics, ethnography, history, architecture, and also at the junction of two or more related sciences. In the Far East, Korean settlers founded dozens of villages, where life lasted like Korea for a long time. However, the two Korean settlements differed from the others in that they represented a “contact zone” in which there was much more intensive communication between the Russian, Cossack population and Korean immigrants. One settlement is a unique village of the blessed, founded in the upper reaches of the Amur River, evicted by the tsarist authorities by seaside Koreans. The second is the new Korean settlement of Shinhanchon in Vladivostok, which can be considered as a “contact zone” in an urbanized environment and as a prototype of a “Korea-town” - an urban area in which Koreans live compactly. History of Shinhanchon, given the background of its formation began in the late 1870s and ended with the deportation of Koreans in 1937, that is, it lasted almost half a century, but many of its pages remained unrevealed.

러시아 학계의 '근대 한인의 해외이주'에 관한 연구동향

김게르만 한국근현대사학회 2005 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.32 No.-