개방형 혁신이 혁신성과에 기여하는가? : 한국 중소기업으로부터의 실증적 증거

권영관 한국중소기업학회 2010 中小企業硏究 Vol.32 No.2

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in national economy and are also important objects of economic and industrial policies in industrialized economies. On the other hand, innovation is a critical factor for sustainable competitive advantage of firm as well as for long-run economic growth. Therefore, most innovative firms invest much resource in innovation activities including R&D, one of important business activities in firms. However, innovation can be more difficult challenge for SMEs because SMEs, in general, have lacks of innovation resources and complementary assets such as marketing and production capabilities, etc. for commercializing innovative outputs. In addition, environmental changes around innovation characterized by decreasing product life cycles, increasing uncertainty and risk of R&D, etc. are also other barriers for innovation of firms including SMEs. Accordingly, many firms tend to search new knowledge from various external sources and to pursue to achieve innovations through cooperation with broadly distributed external innovators for gaining access to or sharing innovation resources or knowledge of external innovators. This innovation strategy can be incorporated within a new conceptual framework called ‘Open Innovation', which nowadays is recognized as a new innovation paradigm by many academic scholars and business managers and is spreading rapidly to academics and business practices even though there is a controversy surrounding the open innovation. As a result, theoretical discussions and case studies related to the open innovation are fast growing. Nonetheless, there are lacks of empirical literatures dealing with the open innovation activities of firms, particularly SMEs, and thus we have little empirical evidences about how opening for innovation can shape innovation performance of firms (including SMEs). Under this context, this research empirically investigates the relationship between open innovation and the innovation performance of firms by focusing on SMEs in South Korea in basis on a large scale survey, named ‘Survey on Technology of SMEs', which has been conducted by a public organization, Korea Foundation of Small and Medium Enterprises, in South Korea from 1995. Objective of this empirical research is to complement previous literatures on open innovation and to give some implications to business managers and policy-makers interested in development and implementation of innovation strategy or policy. To do so, this research explored the effectiveness of the open innovation on innovation performance of SMEs especially by focusing on ‘Inbound' open innovation (outside-in process) even though there are many important open innovation mechanisms categorized into ‘Outbound' type (inside-out process) and the coupled process of Inbound and Outbound. More concretely speaking, the paper examined the effectiveness on SMEs' innovation performance of opening R&D processes in two perspectives of the openness, investments in open R&D activities and networking for open R&D. Open R&D activities were divided by two different categories such as ‘collaboration R&D' and ‘bought-in R&D', whereas networking for open R&D was focused on formal relationship with different types of external innovators and examined in a viewpoint of network size. Furthermore, this empirical paper also investigated how the internal R&D effort influences innovation performance of SMEs because most firms invest much resource in internal innovation activities simultaneously in spite of pursuing to open innovation strategies. In addition, this study tried to obtain empirical evidences about how interactions between the internal R&D effort and the open R&D efforts influence the innovation performance of SMEs. The data used in this study were those that had been collected for total 3,400 sample SMEs that had conducted R&D during the past two years (from 2005 to 2006), which is a largest survey of i... 혁신은 경제성장 뿐 아니라 기업의 지속가능한 경쟁우위 확보에 있어서 매우 중요한 요인이다. 최근 개방형 혁신(Open Innovation)이라는 새로운 혁신패러다임으로 급속히 전환되고 있는 시대적 상황하에서 본 연구는 이론적 논의나 주로 대기업을 대상으로 한 사례연구 내지 소규모 조사자료를 바탕으로 한 기존의 연구를 보완하고, 나아가 경영실무자나 정책입안자에게 혁신전략 또는 혁신정책에 있어 중요한 시사점을 제시하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 한국 중소기업을 대상으로 한 대규모 설문조사자료를 바탕으로, 한국 중소기업들의 개방형 혁신활동과 혁신성과와의 관계에 대한 실증분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 개방형 혁신의 다양한 방식들 중에서 특히 ‘Inbound(outside-in process)' 개방형 혁신에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 실증분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 중소기업의 혁신성과 향상을 위해서는 우선 자체 R&D 노력이 중요하다는 증거를 얻었다. 둘째, 자체 R&D노력과는 별도로 개방형 혁신을 위한 R&D노력은 중소기업의 혁신성과 향상에 유효하며, 그러한 유효성은 개방형 R&D의 유형에 관계없이 일치된 결과가 얻어졌다. 셋째, 개방형 혁신을 위해 외부 혁신주체들과 공식적인 네트워크를 확대하는 것은 외부 혁신주체들로부터 획득하는 지식의 다양성을 증가시킬 수 있기 때문에 중소기업의 혁신성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로 자체 R&D노력과 개방형 혁신을 위한 R&D노력을 동시에 강화시키는 것은 중소기업의 혁신성과에 오히려 부정적인 상호작용을 초래하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 실증적 증거들은 그 동안 개방형 혁신에 대한 이론적 논의 및 주로 선진국의 대기업을 중심으로 한 사례연구들이 보여주는 개방형 혁신의 유효성이 한국 중소기업에도 유효한 혁신패러다임이라는 것을 확인시켜주고 있으며, 혁신 내지 개방형 혁신을 연구하는 학자는 물론 경영실무자, 정책입안자에게 개방형 혁신 전략 내지 혁신정책에 대한 중요한 시사점을 제공해준다는 점에서 그 의의가 크다.

태안화력발전소 방문기$\ldots$

권영관,Gwon, Yeong-Gwan 한국전기기술인협회 2011 電力技術人 Vol.352 No.-

긴급제언: 해킹대응과 기술사의 역할

권영관,Kwon, Young-Kwan 한국기술사회 2011 技術士 Vol.44 No.5

The hacking attacks as a DDoS attack on a telecommunications network has depleted the network resources. When hacking attack occurs a user can not access to the network and can not use the telecommunication services. Professional Engineers with expertise and experience in the field of Information and communication could play an important role to respond to the hacking attacks. Professional Engineers will build the information and communication network system for the hacking countermeasures.

일본의 특허풀 경쟁정책 변화와 한국에의 시사점

권영관 한국지식재산학회 2009 産業財産權 Vol.- No.30

On changes of environments around technology such as the complexity of technology, reduction of product life cycle, fast evolutional rate of technology, etc. it is impossible for companies to develop all necessary technologies for products or services and make inroads into them by themselves. It is inevitable for firms to collaborate with other companies or innovation agents like university, government-supported research institutes, etc. Therefore, companies have also much interests in how they can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the innovation process and gain the increases of innovation performance. Patent pooling can be a very useful open commercialization mechanism of technologies. In recent, Japan's public policy change on patent pools gives us much implications for competition and industrial policy. To keep step with USA and EU, Japan prepares well-established regulation guidelines for patent pooling. In particular, in 2007, Japan competition agency(JFTC) reformed the prior 1999 IP Guidelines and balanced between the IP guidelines and the special guidelines for standardization and patent pooling arrangements. However, Korea does not have systemic regulatory guidelines on patent pools. Therefore, The paper suggests that the competition agency should establish the regulation frameworkunder competition law for reducing uncertainty of competition policy and encourage exploitation of the new open technology commercialization mechanism by refining the IP guidelines in the perspective of the properties of the pooled IPRs, structure of the pools, operation and management, restrictions on the participants and/or third party licensees, and relevance with technology or industry standards, etc.

회원마당

권영관,Gwon, Yeong-Gwan 한국전기기술인협회 2005 電力技術人 Vol.280 No.-

표준필수특허(SEPs)의 FRAND 실시료 산정 기준에 관한 연구

권영관 한국지식재산연구원 2016 지식재산연구 Vol.11 No.2

Recently worldwide disputes related to SEPs are increasing and the FRAND royalty associated with FRAND commitments of SEPs holders is centered on the disputes, but there are not any well-established standards for determining FRAND royalty of SEPs. Therefore this paper conducted in-depth analyses on important decisions by the courts in the United States and EU that dealt with SEPs related litigations. The paper suggests additional corrections of the Microsoft factor, a framework of FRAND royalty determination proposed in the Microsoft v. Motorola decision even though it was a modification of traditional Georgia-Pacific factors widely used to calculate the royalty rate in patent infringement litigations for fitting the particular circumstances of FRAND-encumbered SEPs. More specifically, the Microsoft factor should be modified by actualizing the starting point of hypothetical negotiation, adopting the incremental value rule, clarifying requirements of comparable licenses, and establishing the principle of selecting the appropriate royalty base in order to determine FRAND royalty of FRAND-encumbered SEPs. The procedural validity of FRAND licensing negotiations could be also used as a standard determining FRAND royalty of FRAND-encumbered SEPs in disputes because of continuous debates on methodologies calculating FRAND royalty. 최근 기술표준(technological standards)의 중요성이 높아지고 개별 기업은물론 국가차원에서 기술표준의 선점을 위한 경쟁이 치열하게 전개됨에 따라전세계적으로 표준필수특허(SEPs) 관련 분쟁이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 표준필수특허 관련 분쟁에서는 특히 FRAND 확약 의무 준수와 관련된 FRAND 실시료에 대한 분쟁이 핵심이 되고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 표준필수특허의FRAND 실시료 산정을 위한 기준이 확립되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구는 최근 미국, EU 등 표준필수특허 FRAND 라이선싱 분쟁을 직접적으로 다루고 있는 법원의 주요 판결들에 대한 심층 분석을 통해 표준필수특허의FRAND 실시료 판단 기준을 어떻게 정립해야 할지를 모색했다. 분석 결과 표준필수특허에 대한 FRAND 실시료를 산정하기 위해 Microsoft v. Motorola 판결에서 전통적인 Georgia-Pacific 요소를 표준필수특허라는 맥락에 맞게 수정 제시된 Microsoft 요소를 근간으로 하는 것은 바람직할수 있지만, Microsoft 요소에 대한 추가적인 수정이 필요한 것으로 분석됐다. 즉, 가상협상 시점의 현실화, 증분가치규칙의 도입, 적절한 비교라이선스의 요건, 적절한 실시료 기반 선정의 원칙 정립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 나아가 표준필수특허의 FRAND 실시료 산정을 위한 구체적 방법론에 대한 논쟁이 계속되고 있는 점을 고려할 때, FRAND 라이선싱 협상 과정이라는 절차적 타당성 역시 FRAND 실시료에 대한 판단 기준 내지 근거로 활용할 필요가 있다. 이런 연구결과는 표준필수특허에 대한 FRAND 실시료 및FRAND 의무 준수 여부 등과 관련된 분쟁의 신속하고 원만한 해결을 통해기술혁신을 촉진하는 데 중요한 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

청송양수발전소 방문기

권영관 한국전기기술인협회 2008 電力技術人 Vol.309 No.-

In-flight 법을 이용한 26Si 방사성 핵종빔 생성에 관한 연구

권영관,정효순,윤종철,문준영,이춘식 한국물리학회 2010 새물리 Vol.60 No.4

High-purity and high-intensity radioactive ion (RI) beams are definitely needed for investigating nuclear reactions in explosive nuclear synthetic processes under various stellar environments, such as nova explosions and X-ray bursts. We investigated the production of a 26Si radioactive ion beam for studying the astrophysically-important nuclear reaction, 26Si(p)27P. The beam was produced in the CRIB (Center for Nuclear Physics (CNS) Radioactive Ion Beam Separator), which was been designed to the provide low-energy radioactive ion beams of 5-10 MeV/u and to study nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics and where was installed at study CNS, the Universtiy of Tokyo in RIKEN. To increase the beam quality, we used a cryogenic primary gas target and a Wein filter. Finally, the beam purity and the intensity of the 26Si radioactive ion beams were 0.48% and 2×10⁴ pps, respectively. 고전류 및 고순도의 방사성 핵종빔은 천체핵합성 과정에 수반되는 핵반응 연구에 적합하며, 특히 신성폭발과 엑스선 폭발 (X-ray bursts)와 같은 극한적인 천체환경에서 일어나는 핵반응 연구에 필수적이다. 본 논문은 최근 천체핵물리학적으로 그 중요성이 부각되고 있는 26Si(p)27P 핵반응연구를 위해 방사성 핵종빔인 26Si 빔의 생성에 관한 연구이다. 26Si 방사성 핵종빔은 동경대 부설 핵과학연구소 (Center for Nuclear Study, 이하 CNS)의 in-flight 분리법을 이용한 저에너지 방사성 핵종분리장치인 CRIB (CNS Radio-Isotope Beam separator)을 통하여 생성하였다. 방사성 핵종의 생성율을 높이기 위해 액체질소 온도로 냉각한 극저온 1차 기체 표적 (cryogenic primary gas target)을 사용하였고 또한 빔 순도를 높이기 위해 속도분리장치인 Wien filter를 사용하였다. 그 결과 순도 0.48%, 빔 세기 2 × 10⁴pps의 26Si을 얻었다.

창조경제와 바이오경제

권영관 한국생물공학회 2013 BT NEWS Vol.20 No.1

원격검침 시스템응용

권영관 한국조명전기설비학회 1997 조명.전기설비 Vol.11 No.3