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AAV-Mediated Astrocyte-Specific Gene Expression under Human ALDH1L1 Promoter in Mouse Thalamus
고우현,박용민,이승은,C. Justin Lee 한국뇌신경과학회 2017 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.26 No.6
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery has been proposed to be an essential tool of gene therapy for various brain diseases. Among several cell types in the brain, astrocyte has become a promising therapeutic target for brain diseases, as more and more contribution of astrocytes in pathophysiology has been revealed. Until now, genetically targeting astrocytes has been possible by utilizing the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. In some brain areas including thalamus, however, the GFAP expression in astrocytes is reported to be low, making it difficult to genetically target astrocytes using GFAP promoter. To study the function of astrocytes in thalamus, which serves as a relay station, there is a great need for identifying an alternative astrocyte-specific promoter in thalamus. Recently, a new astrocyte-specific promoter of ALDH1L1 has been identified. However, it has not been examined in thalamus. Here we developed and characterized an AAV vector expressing Cre recombinase under the human ALDH1L1 promoter, AAV-hALDH1L1-Cre. To test the cell-type specific expression of AAV-hALDH1L1-Cre, AAV virus was injected into several brain regions of Ai14 (RCL-tdTomato) mouse, which reports Cre activity by tdTomato expression. In thalamus, we observed that tdTomato was found mostly in astrocytes (91.71%), with minimal occurrence in neurons (2.67%). In contrast, tdTomato signal was observed in both neurons and astrocytes of the amygdala (neuron: 68.13%, astrocyte: 28.35%) and hippocampus (neuron: 76.25%, astrocyte: 18.00%), which is consistent with the previous report showing neuronal gene expression under rat ALDH1L1 promoter. Unexpectedly, tdTomato was found mostly in neurons (91.98%) with minimal occurrence in astrocytes (6.66%) of the medial prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, hALDH1L1 promoter shows astrocyte-specificity in thalamus and may prove to be useful for targeting thalamic astrocytes in mouse.
아침체육활동이 초등학생의 신체활동 즐거움과 학교생활 만족도에 미치는 영향
고우현 ( Ko Woo-hyun ),김영식 ( Kim Young-sik ) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2016 초등교과교육연구 Vol.25 No.-
The purpose of the study was to inquire effect of early morning sports activities on physical activity enjoyment and school life satisfaction of elementary school students. There are 273 elementary schools in north Chung-cheong province and twenty-six schools are currently operating early morning sports activities. Finally, six schools were chosen randomly among those schools for the research. Questionnaires were used for the study and 287 students of sixth grade answered the questions. Frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the collected data. The result of the study were as follows: First, Early morning sports activities had positive influences on physical activity enjoyment. Second, early morning sports activities had positive influences on school life satisfaction. Third, the research showed that there is positive correlation between physical activity enjoyment and school life satisfaction through early morning sports activities. In conclusion, early morning sports activities had positive influences on elementary school students. Therefore, early morning sports activities are needed to be encouraged in schools for students in order to enjoy their school life.
고우현(Woohyun Ko),박정술(Jung Sool Park),손영일(Young-il Sohn),김원배(Won-Bae Kim),이승호(Seung Ho Lee),김수호(Soo Ho Kim) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10
This paper describes the path tracking control for a 4 wheeled wall-climbing robot with single suction cup. A vehicle can adhere on a vertical plane by sucking force of a vacuum pump. However, when it starts moving, there exist slips between the wheels of the vehicle and the vertical wall because of the characteristics of the skid steering system. The gravity has an effect as external disturbance so that the vehicle deviates from the desired path. In order to control a 4 wheeled skid steering vehicle, localization including the detection of the drift of the wheels on a wall is based on integrating measurement values from multiple optical mouse sensors. Inclinometer data are used to compensate for the error estimated from optical mouse sensors. The control algorithm concerned with non-holonomic constraints makes the vehicle follows path well. We verify our approach through experiments with an actual vehicle.
환경 외란을 고려한 다중 자율잠수정의 제한적 기법 기반 주행 계획기
지상훈,고우현,정연수,이범희,Ji, Sang-Hoon,Ko, Woo-Hyun,Jung, Yeun-Soo,Lee, Beom-Hee 한국군사과학기술학회 2008 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.11 No.2
This paper proposes the qualitative method for planning the operation of multi-AUVs with environmental disturbances, which is considered to be a very difficult task. In this paper we use an extension collision map as a collision free motion planner. The tool was originally developed for the multiple ground vehicles with no internal/external disturbance. In order to apply the method to a water environment where there are tides and waves, and currents, we analyze the path deviation error of AUVs caused by external disturbances. And we calculate safety margin for the collision avoidance on the extension collision map. Finally, the simulation result proves that the suggested method in this paper make multi-AUVs navigate to the goal point effectively with no collision among them.
안희영,고우현,강승희,남민호,Lee C. Justin 한국뇌신경과학회 2021 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.30 No.3
Bestrophin-1 (Best1) is a GABA- and glutamate-permeable, Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, which is mainly expressed in astrocytes and localized at the microdomain or perisynaptic junction of the tripartite synapse. Distribution of Best1 is dramatically changed in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is still unknown whether Best1 is located at the glutamatergic or GABAergic tripartite synapses. Here, we utilized the Lattice structured illumination microscopy (Lattice SIM) to visualize Best1 expression at the perisynaptic junctions of the tripartite synapses in CA1 of mouse hippocampus. We performed co-labeling with antibodies against 1) Best1 and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (vGLUT2) or 2) Best1 and vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT) to measure the proximity of Best1-containing perisynapse to glutamatergic or GABAergic presynapse, respectively. In addition, we examined two transgenic mouse lines of 1) APP/PS1 mouse showing high astrocytic MAOB activity and cytosolic GABA and 2) MAOB-KO mouse showing low astrocytic GABA. Lattice SIM images were further processed by Imaris, which allowed 3Drendering and spot identification. We found that astrocytic Best1 was distributed closer to the glutamatergic synapses than GABAergic synapses in the wild-type mice. In APP/PS1 mice, Best1 distribution was significantly changed by moving away from the glutamatergic synapses while moving closer to the GABAergic synapses. On the contrary, in MAOB-KO mice, the Best1 distribution was dramatically changed by moving closer to the glutamatergic synapses and moving far away from the GABAergic synapses. Our findings propose that the proximity of Best1-containing perisynapses to presynapses dynamically changes according to the level of astrocytic cytosolic GABA
우준성,한영은,고우현,Joungha Won,박민구,안희영,이창준 한국뇌신경과학회 2019 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.28 No.1
The neuronal activity-dependent change in the manner in which light is absorbed or scattered in brain tissue is called the intrinsic optical signal (IOS), and provides label-free, minimally invasive, and high spatial (~100 μm) resolution imaging for visualizing neuronal activity patterns. IOS imaging in isolated brain slices measured at an infrared wavelength (>700 nm) has recently been attributed to the changes in light scattering and transmittance due to aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-dependent astrocytic swelling. The complexity of functional interactions between neurons and astrocytes, however, has prevented the elucidation of the series of molecular mechanisms leading to the generation of IOS. Here, we pharmacologically dissected the IOS in the acutely prepared brain slices of the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, induced by 1 s/20 Hz electrical stimulation of Schaffer-collateral pathway with simultaneous measurement of the activity of the neuronal population by field potential recordings. We found that 55% of IOSs peak upon stimulation and originate from postsynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors. The remaining originated from presynaptic action potentials and vesicle fusion. Mechanistically, the elevated extracellular glutamate and K+ during synaptic transmission were taken up by astrocytes via a glutamate transporter and quinine-sensitive K2P channel, followed by an influx of water via AQP-4. We also found that the decay of IOS is mediated by the DCPIB- and NPPB-sensitive anion channels in astrocytes. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the functional coupling between synaptic activity and astrocytic transient volume change during excitatory synaptic transmission is the major source of IOS.