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반복적인 허혈양상화가 흰쥐의 앞정강근과 가자미근에서 산화질소합성효소발현에 미치는 영향
고봉철,서윤경,신주옥,전수경,백두진 대한체질인류학회 2007 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.20 No.3
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) that catalyzed the conversion of L-arginine to nitric oxide and L-citrulline play a role in ischemic-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to observe the expression patterns of nNOS, iNOS and eNOS in the rat tibialis anterior and soleus muscles after multiple cyclic episodes of ischemic preconditioning (IP). Nine weeks old male SD rats were divided into control and IP groups. The IP group was further divided into 3 groups based on cycle of IP. For IP, left commom iliac artery was occluded 3, 6 and 10 times for 5 minutes ischemia followed by 5 minutes reperfusion using rodent vascular clamps. The animals were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, 24 and 72 hours of reperfusion and the left tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were removed. The expression of nNOS, iNOS and eNOS were examined with immunohistochemical methods and Western blot analysis. IP increased the expression of nNOS, compared with the control. In the tibialis anterior muscle, the levels of nNOS in the 3IP and 6IP were higher than that in 10IP. IP increased the expression of iNOS, compared with the control, and the levels of iNOS in tibialis anterior muscle were higher than that in soleus muscle. The level of iNOS in the 10IP was higher than those in the 3IP and 6IP. IP increased the expression of eNOS, compared with the control, and the level of eNOS in soleus muscle were higher than that in tibialis anterior muscle. At 0 and 3 hours after reperfusion, the level of eNOS in 6IP and 10IP were higer than that in 3IP. In summary, these results suggest that the ischemic preconditioning increases the expression of nNOS, iNOS and eNOS, and 10 times of ischemic preconditioning may induce ischemic injury through upregulation of iNOS. And tibialis anterior muscle is more susceptabile to ischemic injury than soleus muscle. 산화질소합성효소(nitiric oxide synthase, NOS)는 산화질소 생성에 필요한 효소로, 허혈손상에 영향을 준 다고 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구자들은 흰쥐의 백색근육과 적색근육섬유에서 허혈양상화가 산화질소합성효소의 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 하였다. 9주령의 SD계 수컷 흰쥐를 대조군과 허혈양상화 3회, 6회, 10회군으로 나누었고, 재관류 0시간, 3시간, 6시간, 24 시간, 72시간군으로 세분하였다. 허혈양상화는 흰쥐의 온엉덩동맥을 5분 허혈과 5분 재관류를 반복 실시하였고, 재 관류 시간에 따라 실험동물을 희생시켜 앞정강근과 가자미근을 적출하였다. nNOS와 iNOS, eNOS를 관찰하기 위 해 Western blot analysis와 면역조직화학염색을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 허혈양상화 후 nNOS는 대조군보다 증가되었고, 앞정강근에서는 3회군과 6회군이 10회군보다 높게 관찰되었다. 허혈양상화 후 iNOS의 증가는 가자미근보다 앞정강근에서 더 높게 관찰되었고, 10회군에서 가장 높게 관찰되었 다. 허혈양상화 후 eNOS는 대조군보다 증가되었고, 앞정강근보다 가자미근에서 더 높게 관찰되었다. 재관류 0시간 과 3시간에 eNOS는 허혈양상화 6회군과 10회군에서 높게 관찰되었다. 이상의 실험결과로 허혈양상화는 nNOS와 iNOS, eNOS를 증가시키고, 10회의 허혈양상화는 iNOS를 증가시켜 허혈손상을 일으킬 것으로 생각되며, 앞정강근이 가자미근보다 허혈자극에 민감하게 반응한다고 판단되었다.
Al2O3 기판위에 반응성 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터로 중착한 AIN 박막의 SAW소자 응용에 관한 연구
고봉철,손진운,김경석,엄무스,남창우,이규철 대한전기학회 2003 전기학회논문지C Vol.52 No.7
- AlN thin film has been deposited on Al2O3 substrate by reactive radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering method under various operating conditions such as working pressure, fraction of nitrogen partial pressure, and substrate temperature. Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), X-ray Diffraction(XRD), and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) have been measured to find out structural properties and preferred orientation of AlN thin films.SAW velocity of IDTs/AlN/Si structure was about 5038[㎧] at the center frequency of 251.9[㎒] and insertion loss was measured to be relatively low value of 35.6[㏈]. SAW velocity of IDTs/AlN/Al2O3 structure was improved to be about 5960[㎧] at the center frequency of 296.7[㎒].
A1$_2$O$_3$기판위에 반응성 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터로 증착한 AlN 박막의 SAW소자 응용에 관한 연구
고봉철,손진운,김경석,엄무수,남창우,이규철 대한전기학회 2003 전기학회논문지C Vol.53 No.10
AlM thin film has been deposited on A1$_2$O$_3$ substrate by reactive radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering method under various operating conditions such as working pressure, fraction of nitrogen partial pressure, and substrate temperature. Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), X-ray Diffraction(XRD), and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) have been measured to find out structural properties and preferred orientation of AlN thin films. SAW velocity of IDTs/AlN/Si structure was about 5038[㎧] at the center frequency of 251.9[MHz] and insertion loss was measured to be relatively low value of 35.6[dB]. SAW velocity of IDTs/AlN/A1$_2$O$_3$ structure was improved to be about 5960[㎧] at the center frequency of 296.7[MHz].
반응성 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터로 증착한 AlN 박막의 물성 및 SAW소자 특성에 관한 연구
고봉철,전순배,황영한,김재욱,남창우,이규철 대한전기학회 2004 전기학회논문지C Vol.53 No.2(C)
AlN thin film has been deposited on the Al2O3 substrate with reactive radio frequency( RF) magnetron sputtering method. In this work, elelctromechanical coupling coefficient of AlN thin film was increased with an increase of AlN thin film thickness, and the maximum value was 0.11%. Insertion loss of SAW device was decreased with an increase of AlN thin film thickness and the minimum value was 33[dB]. SAW velocity of IDTs/AlN/Al2O3 structure and IDTs/AlN/Al2O3/Si structure were about 5480[㎧] and 5040[㎧] respectively.