스포츠과학 : 생활체육 ; 수중운동으로 예방에서 재활까지

강성선 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2012 스포츠과학 Vol.118 No.-

비만 여성고령자의 수중운동 시 수심차이에 따른 신체구성 및 보행체력 효과

강성선(Kang, Sung-Sun),김재정(Kim, Jae-Jung),소재무(So, Jae-Moo) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to research changes in the body compositions and factors influencing gait fitness of obese elderly women in order to verify effects of the aquatic exercise performed in different depth of the water. Among the elderly women aged 60 to 70, 22 obese women who had more than 30 per cent of Body Fat Percent were chosen and they were divided into two groups; a group of the elderly women (n=11) performed the aquatic exercise in deep water, and the other group of the elderly women (n=11) performed the aquatic exercise in shallow water. They performed the exercise 50 minutes each time, twice a week, during a 16 week-period. It is considered that Composition of exercise programs which allocate the women adequately in either deep or shallow water depending on the women’s different fitness levels will lead to effective results.

수중운동이 비만 여성 고령자의 보행 체력에 미치는 영향

강성선(Sung Sun Kang),소재무(Jae Moo So) 한국발육발달학회 2012 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise on gait fitness in obese elderly women. The subject of this study was 27 elderly women who were over 60 years old and Aquatic Fall Prevention Programs were held twice a week for 16 weeks. The results were as follows; firstly, among the changes for Body Composition, there was a statistical significance in weight decreased from 57.65± 7.05 before aquatic exercise to 56.99±7.17 after the aquatic exercise (p<01). However, statistical significance was not found in AFR, Body fat, SMM. Secondly, the result of Lower Body ROM is that Hip Extension was improved after the aquatic exercise, but there was no statistical significance. However, statistical significance in Hip Flexion, Knee Flexion, Ankle Dorsi Flexing and Ankle Plantar Flexion was found between before and after the aquatic exercise (p<001). Thirdly, as a result of a Physical Fitness Test, Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Muscular Strength for the Lower Body, and Agility & Static Balance indicate statistical significance between before and after the aquatic exercise (p<001), as well as in Balance (p<01).

수중운동이 여성 고령자의 낙상관련 체력과 자세안정성에 미치는 영향

강성선(Sung Sun Kang),소재무(Jae Moo So),최혜정(Hye Jung Choi) 한국발육발달학회 2014 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purposes of this study were investigate the body posture stability and fall related physical fitness in elderly women. Sixteen elderly women subjects were participated in this study (n=16, mean age:72.63±2~79.38±3.46yrs, mean BMI: 25.03±2.83~27.99±2.78). They were divided into two groups (aqua exercise group, n=8, control group, n=8). Participants were tested before and after the study to measure body composition, lower body (strength, flexibility), agility, balance(static, dynamic), time up and go(TUG)and tandem gait for functional fitness, also the body posture stability and advanced balance ability(limits of stability) were measured Biorescure(RM Ingenierie Co, France) which has % quarterly sector(RF, LF, RB, LB). Aqua exercise training program was performed for 50minutes per session, 3times per week for 12weeks. Data was analyzed with ANOVA for repeated measures, t-test using SPSS ver 19.0 program. As a result, There were significantly changed between group and period on body weight, %fat, and WHR in aqua exercise group(p<.05,p<.001). Lower body strength, agility also significantly changed between group and period. However tandem gait was no significant. Limits of stability with eye closed status was significantly changed in aqua group. In conclusion, 12weeks aqua exercise training was positive effect of fall related physical fitness and postural stability excepted BMI, tandem gait. These result could recommend that aqua exercise also one of prevention program of fall risk factors for elderly women.

오디와 누에 섭취가 rats의 저항성 운동에 따른 NCOA4와 UCP-3 mRNA의 발현에 미치는 영향

양성준,이조병,강성선,성규병 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

오디, 누에를 활용한 운동보조제 개발을 위해 8주간의 사다리를 이용한 점진적 저항성 운동과 더불어 오디분말, 오디추출물, 누에분말의 섭취가 수컷 흰쥐의 골격 근에서 NCOA4와 UCP-3 mRNA의 발현에 효과가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 6주 령의 수컷 흰쥐 50두를 시료 투여 및 저항성 운동 여부에 따라 대조군, 운동군, 오디 분말 운동군, 오디추출물 운동군, 누에분말 운동군으로 설정하였다. 저항성 운동 방법은 1주간 맨몸 사다리 운동을 거친 후 7주간 주당 2일, 1일 10회씩 점진적인 과 부하 하에서 실시하였다. 오른쪽 뒷다리에서 장무지굴근을 적출한 후 RNA 추출 및 cDNA를 합성하였고 NCOA4와 UCP-3 mRNA를 특이적으로 검출하도록 디자 인된 시발체와 탐색자를 구입하여 housekeeping 유전자인 18s rRNA와 함께 증폭 하였다. 2-ΔΔCt법을 통해 상대정량하여 골격근 내 발현 정도를 배수변화로 비교하 였다. NCOA4 mRNA의 경우 대조군에 비해 모든 저항성 훈련집단에서 유의한 차 이를 보였으며 운동군(3.18±0.51)에 비해 특히 누에분말 운동군(17.62±1.99)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. UCP-3의 경우 운동군(1.38±0.12)과 비교하여 누에분말 운 동군(2.28±0.34)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 실험을 통해 누에의 섭취가 저항성 운동 동안 근비대 관련 유전자인 NCOA4와 UCP-3 mRNA발현을 유의하게 증가 시키는 것으로 나타났으며 추후 운동보조제 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있 을 것으로 판단된다.

Kinematic Characteristics Based on Proficiency In Geoduepyeopchagi in Taekwondo Poomsae Koryo

소재무,강성선,홍아름,정종민,김재정 한국운동역학회 2016 한국운동역학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to help improve game performance and provide preliminary data to enhance the efficiency of the kick and stability of the support foot by comparing the kinematic characteristics of the repeated side kick (geodeupyeopchagi) in poomsaeKoryo between expert and nonexpert groups. Method: The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to proficiency in Taekwondo, an expert group and a non-expert group (n = 7 in each group), to observe the repeated side-kick technique. Four video cameras were set at a speed of 60 frames/sec and exposure time of 1/500 sec to measure the kinematic factors of the 2 groups. The Kwon3D XPprogramas used to collect and analyze three-dimensional spatial coordinates. Ground reaction force data were obtained through a force plate with a 1.200-Hz frequency. An independent samplesttest was performed, and statistical significance was defined as .05. The SPSS 18.0 software was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the kinematic factors and to identify the difference between the experts and non-experts. Results: The angular displacement of the hip joint in both the expert and non-expert groups showed statistical significance on E1 and E4 of the left support foot and E5 of the right foot (p<.05). The angle displacement of the knee joint in both groups showed statistical significance on E4 of the left support foot, and E1 and E2 of the right foot (p<.05). The angular velocity of the lower leg in both groups showed no statistical significance on the left support foot but showed statistical significance on E2 and E6 of the right foot (p<.05). The angular velocity of the foot in both groups showed no statistical significance on the left support foot but showed statistical significance on E2 of the right foot (p<.05). The vertical ground reaction force in both groups showed statistical significance on E2 (p<.05). The center of pressure in all directions in both groups showed statistical significance (p<.5). Conclusion: While performing the repeated side kick (geodeupyeopchagi), the experts maintainedconsistency and stability of the angle of the support leg while the kick foot moved high and fast. On the other hand, the angle of the support foot of non-experts appeared inconsistent, and the kick foot was raised, relying on the support leg, resulting in unstable and inaccurate movement.

Comparison of Biomechanical Characteristics for the Skill Level in Cycle Pedaling

이근혁,김재정,강성선,홍아름,소재무 한국운동역학회 2016 한국운동역학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objective: This study aimed to compare biomechanical data between elite and beginner cyclists during cycle pedaling by performing a comparative analysis and to provide quantitative data for both pedaling performance enhancement and injury prevention. Methods: The subjects of this study included 5 elite cyclists (age: 18 ± 0 years, body mass: 64.8 ± 9.52 kg, height: 173.0 ± 4.80 cm) and 5 amateur cyclists (age: 20 ± 0 years, mass: 66.6 ± 2.36 kg, height: 175.6 ± 1.95 cm). The subjects pedaled on a stationary bicycle mounted on rollers of the same gear (front: 50 T and rear: 17 T = 2.94) and cadence of 90. The saddle height was adjusted to fit the body of each subject, and all the subjects wore shoes with cleats. In order to obtain kinematic data, 4 cameras (GR-HD1KR, JVC, Japan) were installed and set at 60 frames/sec. An electromyography (EMG) system (Telemyo 2400T, Noraxon, USA) was used to measure muscle activation. Eight sets of data from both the left and right lower extremities were obtained from 4 muscles (vastus medialis oblique [VMO], vastus lateralis oblique [VLO], and semitendinosus [Semitend], and lateral gastrocnemius [Gastro]) bilaterally by using a sampling frequency of 1,500 Hz. Five sets of events (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, and 360°) and 4 phases (P1, P2, P3, and P4) were set up for the data analysis. Imaging data were analyzed for kinematic factors by using the Kwon3D XP computer software (Visol, Korea). MyoResearch XP Master Edition (Noraxon) was used for filtering and processing EMG signals. Results: The angular velocity at 360° from the feet was higher in the amateur cyclists, but accelerations at 90° and 180° were higher in the elite cyclists. The amateur cyclists had greater joint angles at 270° from the ankle and wider knee joint distance at 0°, 180°, and 360° than the elite cyclists. The EMG measurements showed significant differences between P2 and P4 from both the right VLO and Semitend. Conclusion: This study showed that lower body movements appeared to be different according to the level of cycle pedaling experience. This finding may be used to improve pedaling performance and prevent injuries among cyclists.

Assessments of muscle fibre distribution by non-invasive methods

성은숙,소재무,강성선 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2020 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.32 No.2

The objective of the present study was to assess muscle fibre composition by non-invasive methods for various sports events. 53 males of marathon (n=5), football (n=22), baseball (n=14), basketball (n=8) and tennis (n=4) athletes volunteered to participate in this study. The following 7 tests (overhead medicine ball throw, pull up, standing broad jump, sit up, shuttle run 10 x5, push up, vertical jump) are relatively easy to perform and to gather information about fibre composition through fitness levels. It can be used to assess the performance of strength using standard tables and to receive an indication of the degree of their share of fast (type II) and slow (type I) muscle fibres. For the study, a data analysis program in Microsoft Excel was used to view the mean and standard deviation of muscle fibre types. As a result, it was possible to speculate that the ratio of muscle fibre types differed according to the type of exercise. The results were obtained after sport motor tests of the mean value of muscle fibre composition by different sports events. Fibre type distribution remained with about 74.8% type 1 and 25.2% type 2 by marathoners, 43.8% type 1 and 53.2% type 2 by football athletes, 36.3% type 1 and 63.8% type 2 by baseball athletes, 46.6% type 1 and 53.5% type 2 by basketball athletes, and 40.0% type 1 and 60.0% type 2 by tennis athletes. Through these tests, the direction of the athletes’ muscle development can be considered, and it is possible to check the muscle fibre composition of elite athletes for the improvement of performance for each sport event. Moreover, it assumes that if this test is used for children, adolescents and young athletes, it will help to design scientific and effective training programs, thereby improving athletes’ ability to perform.

오디 추출물(Morus alba L.)의 혈행개선 효과

박연실(Youn-Sil Park),강성선(Seong-Sun Kang),최형자(Hyoung-Ja Choi),양성준(Sung-Jun Yang),손호형(Ho-Hyeong Shon),서형호(Hyeong-Ho Seo),정종문(Jong-Moon Jeong) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.4

본 연구에서는 다양한 생리활성물질을 다량 함유하고 있는 국내산(전라북도 부안군) 오디의 혈액순환장애의 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여 in vitro 및 고지혈증 동물모델을 이용한 실험을 진행하였다. MBE가 DPPH 라디칼을 50% 소거하는 SC50값은 89.36±5.46 μg/mL로 정제되지 않은 복합물질임을 감안하면 다른 식물추출물에 비해 항산화능이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. RAW 264.7 세포 및 HepG2 세포에 대한 MBE의 세포독성은 2,500 μg/mL 이하의 농도를 처리한 경우 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. In vitro 실험에서 COX-2의 활성저해 효과를 측정한 결과 MBE의 IC50값은 215.94±18.15이었고, human LDL의 산화억제 효과는 최종반응 농도가 200 및 400 μg/mL일 경우 유의적인 감소(P<0.05)효과가 있었다. 또한 TNF-α에 의하여 활성화된 HUVECs에서 MBE가 증가된 ICAM-1 및 VCAM-1의 발현을 감소(P<0.05)시켰으며 LPS에 의하여 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 MBE가 증가된 COX-2 및 5-LO의 발현을 감소(P<0.05)시킴을 알 수 있었다. 고지혈증 동물모델을 이용한 실험에서 MBE의 일부 실험군(200 mg 및 400 mg/kg 체중/day, 14 days)에서 혈청 total cholesterol의 수치는 음성대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소(P<0.05)시켰으나 혈청C-reactive protein의 수치는 모든 실험군에서 음성대조군 대비 유의적으로 감소하지 않았다. 이러한 MBE의 항산화능, COX-2 활성억제 및 COX-2와 5-LO의 발현억제를 통한 염증억제, 혈중 total cholesterol 감소를 통한 이상지질혈증의 개선 효과 및 ICAM-1과 VCAM-1의 발현억제를 통한 혈관협착 방지의 효과들을 종합해 보면 오디추출물인 MBE가 혈액순환장애를 유발하거나 확대시키는 다양한 핵심요소들을 다각도로 개선시킴으로써 혈액순환장애의 예방과 치료에 긍정적인 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of mulberry extract (MBE) on blood flow improvement. The SC50 value for the DPPH radical scavenging activity of MBE was 89.36±5.46 μg/mL. Analysis of the cellular toxicity of MBE on RAW 264.7 and HepG2 cells showed no toxicity under a concentration of 2,500 μg/mL. We found that MBE inhibited the enzyme activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as well as oxidation of human LDL. Western blotting analysis showed that MBE inhibited protein expression of COX-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, MBE inhibited protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, MBE reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol and C-reactive protein in a concentration-dependent manner. These results both in vitro and in vivo suggest that MBE can be employed for the improvement of blood flow.

무릎 관절염 환자들의 수중운동 프로그램 효과 고찰

임비오(Lim, Bee-Oh),강성선(Kang, Sung-Sun) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was to presents a systematic review of the effectiveness of aquatic exercise for treatment of knee osteoarthritis. PubMed, CINAHL, Sport Discus and Research Information Sharing Service were screened from January 1980 to March 2016. Three authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the included trials, and extracted data. Twenty two randomised, controlled clinical trials to aquatic exercise for adults with arthritis were included. The mean aquatic exercise frequency was 3 times a week, exercise intensity was 60-70% of maximal heart rate and exercise time was 30-60minutes. Water temperature was over 28°C and depth of water depends on load and stress acting on body. Aquatic exercise include warming up, stretching, muscle strength, aerobic, functional and balance exercise. To effective treatments of a knee osteoarthritis was reduced obesity. Aquatic exercise training can improve physical fitness, exercise capacity, balance and relieve pain. Aquatic exercise may provide a safe and effective alternative for those unable to participate in traditional exercise programmes.