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강경민,조정호,남중희,고태경,전명표,Kang, Kyung-Min,Cho, Jeong-Ho,Nam, Joong-Hee,Ko, Tae-Gyung,Chun, Myoung-Pyo 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.7
The most widely used piezoelectric ceramics are lead oxide based ferroelectrics (PZT). However, the toxicity of lead oxide and its high vapor pressure during processing have led to a demand for alternative lead-free piezoelectric materials. We synthesized Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics of $0.96(K_{0.5}Na_{0.5})NbO_3-0.04SrZrO_3+x$ mol% $ZrO_2$ [KNN-SZ+$xZrO_2$; x= 0~0.10] doped with 0.1 wt% $MnO_2$ by a conventional solid state method. We investigated the piezoelectric properties and microstructures of these disk samples sintered in reduced atmosphere in order to evaluate the possibility of the multilayered piezoelectric ceramics having the base metal such as Ni as a internal electrode. All of these KNN-SZ samples sintered in 3%$H_2-97%N_2$ atmosphere at $1,140^{\circ}C$ exhibit pure perovskite structure irrespective of the content of $ZrO_2$. Meanwhile, the sintering denisty and piezoelectric properties such as $K_p$, $Q_m$ and $d_{33}$ of KNN-SZ samples as a function of $ZrO_2$ content show the maxima ($k_p$=28.07%, $Q_m$= 101.34, $d_{33}$= 156 pC/N) at x= 0.04 and it is likely that there is some morphotropic phase boundary(MPB) in this KNN-SZ+$xZrO_2$ composition system. These results indicate that the ceramic composition is a promising candidate material for applications in lead free multilayer piezoelectric ceramics.
강경민,임용택,김철환,이섭,허용,김병열,이정호,Kang, Kyung-Min,Lim, Yong-Taek,Kim, Chul-Hwan,Lee, Seob,Hur, Yong,Kim, Byung-Ryul,Lee, Jung-Ho 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1998 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.31 No.2
폐의 저악성 점액성 낭종은 보고된 예가 매우 드물며 기관지성 낭종 및 뮤신을 분비하는 기관지폐포암 형태의 선암과 감별이 필요하다. 63 세의 여자환자로서 흉부단순촬영 사진에서 우측 폐하엽에서 종괴가 관찰되었다. 술전 경피생검상에서 기관지폐포암으로 진단되었고 우측 폐하엽 절제술 및 임파절 제거술을 시행하였다. 절제된 폐내에서 다양한 크기의 다발성 낭성 종괴들이 보였고 종괴내에는 점액으로 채워져 있었다. 현미경상에서 낭종은 키가 큰 주상구조의 점액성 상피세포들로 구성되어 있었고 한정된 일부분에서 기관지폐포암양 병소가 관찰되었으나 기관지폐포암과 비교하여 세포의 비정형성(atypism)은 부족하였다. 수술후 환자는 합병증없이 퇴원하였고 12개월 추적관찰에서 재발이나 원격전이 소견은 보이지 않았다. 폐의 저악성 점액성 낭종은 술후 예후가 상당히 좋은 것으로 보고 되고 있으며 폐에서 발생하는 다른 신생물과는 감별이 필요할 것이다. Pulmonary mucinous cystic tumor of borderline malignancy is very rare and distinguished from bronchogenic cyst or adenocarcinoma of bronchoalveolar type. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a right lower lobe mass, found by chest radiographs. The preoperative diagnosis was made as bronchoalveolar cancer by percutaneous needle aspiration of mass. Right lower lobectomy and lymph node dissections were performed. The lobectomy specimen contained variable sized multilocular cystic mucous masses, filled with mucus. Microscopically, the cystic masses are lined with tall columnar mucinous epithelium but some area contains focal cellular atypism and bronchoalveolar cancer like foci. This foci are lack of cellular atypism consistent with bronchoalveolar cancer cell. After lobectomy the patient has remained free from recurrence and distant metastasis for following 12 months period. Pulmonary mucinous cystic tumor of borderline malignancy appears to have a favorable prognosis and should be distinguished from other lung neoplasms.
연구논문 : 학령 전 아동의 라이프스타일과 부모의 체중인지도가 아동의 과체중위험에 미치는 영향
강경민 ( Kyung Min Kang ),윤군애 ( Gun Ae Yoon ) 한국식생활문화학회 2010 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.25 No.2
We conducted this study to determine the factors associated with childhood obesity. The subjects were 170 preschool children in Busan. Data were collected by using questionnaires which asked for information about socioeconomic status, parental perception of their child`s weight status and dietary/physical activity behavior. BMI was calculated for each child and their classification was determined, according to their age and sex, as follows: "overweight" at or above the 85th percentile, "normal" for the 15th-85th percentile, and with a BMI below the 15th percentile the children were deemed as underweight. Classification according to BMI percentile showed that 23.5% (18.25±1.33 kg/m2) of the children were overweight, 62.9% (15.51±0.76 kg/m2) normal, and 13.5% (13.23±2.86 kg/m2) were underweight. Socioeconomic status, as represented by the parents` level of education, the occupation of the father and the household income, did not affect the results. However, mothers working outside the household was a factor that was more likely to affect the weight status (p<0.05). Among mothers whose children were overweight, 30% underestimated their children`s weight status (believing them to be of normal weight when they were overweight), and 25% failed to recognize the necessity of weight control for their overweight children. While sedentary activity and total daily activity levels were not related to BMI, the level of physically active leisure activity was inversely correlated with BMI (p<0.05). Although there were no differences in total energy intake, dietary behavior was significantly related to weight status. Overweight children had poor eating tendancies: they eat faster (in less than 15 minutes), overeat, and eat late at night. Based on our findings where hereby recommended the following interventions to help limit weight problems in Korean pre-schoolers: early promotion of active leisure behavior and healthy eating habits, along with attempting to correct parental misperception of healthy weight status for children.