인후두 역류환자에서 이동성 24시간 이중 탐침 산도 검사와 인후두 역류 소견 점수와의 상관관계

박영대,강대운,이진춘,이병주,왕수건,김광하,Park, Young-Dae,Kang, Dae-Woon,Lee, Jin-Choon,Lee, Byung-Joo,Wang, Soo-Geun,Kim, Gwang-Ha 대한후두음성언어의학회 2008 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Background and Objectives: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a very common disease among outpatients of department of otorhinolaryngology. Although there are several diagnostic tools for LPR disease and ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring is gold standard method, empirical diagnosis by reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS) are mainly used. So we analyzed the relationship between ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring and RFS in patients with LPR. Subjective and Method: Fifty patients with LPR symptoms and abnormal RFS and ambulatory 24-hour double probe monitoring were enrolled. Each items and sum of laryngeal reflux score were compared the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in upper (UES) and lower (LES) esophageal sphincter. Results: There were no significant correlation between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in UES (pH<4 and pH<5) and each item and sum of RFS. However, supine time and reflux number of UES (pH<5) were showed the partial correlations with diffuse laryngeal edema and thick endolaryngeal mucus (p=0.03, p=0.01). Although there were no relationship between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in LES and sum of RFS, the significant correlations presented between granuloma and total time (p=0.008), upright time (p=0.008, reflux number (p=0.049) of LES. Conclusion: Although granuloma among items of RFS showed significantly correlation with the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in LES, there were no significant correlation between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in UES and LES and items and sum of RFS.

메탄발효와 에너지생산 - 유기성폐기물을 이용하여

박영대,Park, Yeong-Dae 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1984 과학과 기술 Vol.17 No.9

The Effect of Wollastonite and Manganese Dioxide on Rice Grown on a Flooded Acid Sulfate Soil

박영대,김영섭,Park, Y.D.,Kim, Y.S. 한국토양비료학회 1970 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The effect of wollastonite and manganese dioxide on the growth of rice on an acid sulfate soil were investigated in pot experiment. 1. Since aluminum content in the leachate of soil was reduced with increasing the pH and these chemical changes in the leachate were more pronounced by applying wollastonite, aluminum toxicity in flooded paddy rice was overcome by applying wollastonite, or flooding. 2. Poor growth of rice with iron toxicity-like symptoms on the untreated acid sulfate soil may be caused by excess iron and sulfur. Plants applied wollastonite, however, grew normally and did not show any symptoms. Iron and sulfur contents in the plant was reduced by applying wollastonite. 3. Because of the iron content in the both leachate and plant can be lowered by applying wollastonite, iron-toxicity was averted by applying the wollastonite. 4. Application of manganese dioxide in combination with wollastonite did not counteracted iron content in the plant as compared with the wollastonite treatment. 5. The application of wollastonite increased the dry weight of straw and grain yield. Manganese dioxide with wollastonite caused the increase of number of spickelets per panicles and ripened grains as compared with wollastonite. 6. From these results it can be concluded that the major cause of the poor growth of rice on acid sulfate soil is iron toxicity and the Fe-toxicity can be reduced by application of wollastonite. 김해(金海) 특이산성(特異酸性) 토양(土壤)(답(畓))에 대(對)한 규회석(珪灰石) 및 $MnO_2$의 효과를 Pot 시험(試驗)으로 실시한 결과(結果) 1. 특이산성토양(特異酸性土壤)(답(畓))에서 문제시(問題視)되는 토양용액(土壤溶液) 중의 Al함량(含量)은 pH의 상승과 더불어 감소되며 이러한 화학적(化學的) 변화(變化)는 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)으로 더 현저하며 이와 같은 토양(土壤)에 규회석(珪灰石)을 시용(施用)하거나, 혹은 토양(土壤)을 담수상태(湛水狀態)로 하여 토양(土壤)의 pH를 상승시키면 수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 Al해독(害毒)은 문제(問題)가 되지 않으리라 생각 된다. 2. 삼요소(三要素)만을 시용(施用)한 Pot에 생육(生育)한 수도(水稻)가 Fe-toxicity와 유사한 증상을 나타내며 생육(生育)이 부진한 이유(理由)는 식물체(植物體) 중의 Fe와 S의 함량(含量)이 높은데 기인(起因)하며, 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)으로 식물체(植物體)중의 Fe와 S의 함량(含量)이 현저히 낮아졌고, 또 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育)도 정상적이었다. 3. 토양용액(土壤溶液) 및 식물체(植物體)중의 Fe 함량(含量)은 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)으로 감소될 수 있기 때문에 특이산성토(特異酸性土)에서 문제(問題)시되는 Fe-toxicity는 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)으로 피(避)할 수 있다. 4. 규회석(珪灰石)에 병용한 $MnO_2$는 규회석(珪灰石) 단용(單用)보다 식물체(植物體)중의 Fe함량(含量)을 낮추지 못하였다. 5. 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)은 건물중(乾物重)과 정조수량(精租收量)을 증가(增加)시켰고 규회석(珪灰石)과 병용한 $MnO_2$는 규회석(珪灰石) 단용(單用)보다 수당립수(穗當粒數)와 등숙율(登熟率)을 증가(增加)시켰다. 6. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 특이산성토(特異酸性土)(답(畓))에 생육(生育)한 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育)이 부진한 주원인(主原因)의 하나가 Fe-toxicity라 생각되며 이와 같은 답토양(畓土壤)에는 규회석(珪灰石)을 시용(施用)하므로서 Fe의 해독작용(害毒作用)을 억제(抑制)할 수 있을 것이다.

동남아 시찰단 기행문 <2>

박영대,Park, Yeong-Dae 대한건축사협회 1976 建築士 Vol.1976 No.4

III. 2000년대(年代)를 향(向)한 합리적(合理的)인 토양관리(土壤管理)와 시비(施肥)

박영대,Park, Yeong-Dae 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.24 No.-

농산폐기물(農産廢棄物)의 메탄발효(醱酵)와 그 이점(利點)

박영대,Park, Young-Dae 한국응용생명화학회 1984 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.27 No.suppl.

Anaerobic digestion has recently attracted all over the world and Korea also shows no exception. The major benefits of anaerobic digestion are energy production, water pollution control, pathogen reduction and effective manure production. In Korea it was recognized in late sixties that there was a positive need to find alternative energy for farmers household. The main traditional energy sources in rural area were crop residues and forestry products. Therefore Office of Rural Development through its Rural Guidance Bureau disseminated about 29,000 household biogas units from 1969 to 1975 to provide cooking fuel for farmers household and to improve the mode of farmers living standards. The units were welcomed by farmers at that time. Now, however, most of them are not using due to a number of reasons associated with cold winter and some techno-economical problems (in those day, fossil fuel was quite expensive to compare with other prices and since then farmers income was quickly increased). The author studied on bag type household biogas plant to solve some technical problems of existing household biogas plants, but this also has little appeal for the farmers. From 1977 author studied on village scale biogas plant with two pilot plants. From the viewpoint of energy production, COD removal, kill rate of pathogen and fertilizer value, the results obtained from the experiments were quite promising, but the construction cost of the village scale biogas plant was too high for the farmers in Korea. To find most suitable biogas plant for farmers in Korea through the simplifying the biogas digester, the author developed batch-load biogas plant. By feeding coarse crop residues and manures, total solids concentrations of the batch-load biogas plant are about 28 percent which is much higher than continous digester of 5-8 percent. The batch-load biogas plant was welcomed by many farmers in Korea when it was reported on TV and newspapers. The plant was disseminated 154 units in 1982, 766 units in 1983 and 812 units in 1984 as a promissing project. Besides these biogas plant experiments, studies were also conducted 1) to determine gas production rate with agricultural wastes, 2) to evaluate the effect of loading rate, dilution, retention time on biogas production, 3) to project the amount of potencial energy from agricultural wastes.

동남아 시찰단 기행문 <1>

박영대,Park, Yeong-Dae 대한건축사협회 1976 建築士 Vol.1976 No.3

秋落沓의 水稻에 對한 珪酸, 窒素 및 加里의 增施效果

朴永大(Young Dae Park),金泳燮(Yung Sup Kim),孟道源(Do Won Mang) 한국토양비료학회 1971 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.4 No.2

완충차막이 개념설계 연구

박영대(Youngdae Park),유일수(Ilsoo Yoo),구정서(Jeongseo Koo),권태수(Taesoo Kwon) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Buffer stop are normally defined as steel structure at track end, in such places as railway station, depot or siding etc" Firstly it serves as warning marks for the end of a track, Secondly, in the event of a train impact it is their task to absorb the resultant energy to minimize the damage or the potential damage so that neither the impacting train, the passenger or the environment might be damaged or injured. In domestic technology of buffer stop, there have been totally ineffective design up to current day, that is, rigid and immovable buffer stop without any energy absorbing capability have been used on the track as a stop made from steel or concrete, Therefore, sturdy on the concept design for buffer stop to minimize damage of railway vehicle and passenger in the event of vehicle impacting was carried out in this paper.

‘여러 번 겹쳐 긋기’를 활용한 수묵채색화 수업사례 연구

박영대(Park Young-Dae) 한국미술교육학회 2007 美術敎育論叢 Vol.21 No.2

이 연구는 수묵채색화의 다양한 표현 기법 중 ‘여러 번 겹쳐 긋기’를 활용한 수업 사례를 정리한 것이다. 한국화 표현 기법의 하나인 ‘한 번에 긋기’는 대상의 생태와 기운을 가감 없이 일획으로 나타낼 뿐 아니라, 모필의 특성을 효과적으로 활용할 수 있는 방법이다. 하지만 대상을 오래 관찰하고 부단히 연습하는 과정 없이 쉽게 이루어지지 않으며, 자칫하면 도식적인 매너리즘에 빠질 수 있다. 이와 달리 ‘여러 번 겹쳐 긋기’는 단번에 나타내기 어려운 대상을 다각도로 관찰하고, 여러 번 가필하는 과정을 통해서, 대상의 윤곽을 도식적으로 나타내는데 그치고 마는 한계를 극복할 수 있는 방법이다. 이는 ‘한 번에 긋기’를 대체하는 선묘법이라기보다는 그 어려움을 보완하여 새로운 가능성을 모색할 수 있는 것이다. 학생들은 이 수업 과정을 통하여 첫째, 모필 사용의 기술적인 난관을 극복하고, 둘째, 한국화 표현 방법의 다양성을 이해하며, 셋째, 지속적인 관찰로 표현력을 키우고, 넷째, 성실하고 끈질긴 태도로 작품의 완성도를 높일 수 있다. This study deals with lessons using ‘multiple overlap lining technique’, which is one of the various techniques of expression in Korean ink and color painting. It is ‘single lining technique’ that has been commonly used to draw in lines in traditional painting. It is effective not only to express the vital figure and the spiritual tone of the object in single stroke, but also to make the best use of the characteristic traits of brush. However, this single lining technique is not easy to learn. It takes a long period of observation and continuous practice to acquire this technique; and once acquired, it is also apt to become conventional and manneristic. In contrast with it, ‘multiple overlap lining technique’ admits the process of multiple retouching while observing from various angles the object that is otherwise difficult to draw in one stroke; and thereby making it effective to overcome the limits of the single lining technique, that is to end up with drawing the outlines of the object in a manneristic way. Through this course of lessons, the students can learn the followings: First, they understand the diversity of expressive methods in Korean painting. Secondly, they overcome the technical barriers in making use of brush. Thirdly, they express in a variety of styles by observing the object from various angles and modifying the drawing. Finally, they increase the degree of completeness of their work with patience and sincerity.