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曺華龍 慶北大學校 師範大學 1986 敎育硏究誌 Vol.28 No.-
The study area is the main part of Honam plain, the largest alluvial plain in Korea. This study was intended to identify the courses of geomorphic development of alluvial plain in relation to the sea-level change and the change of depositional environment during Holocene stage. As the methods of study, the classification of micro-topography and stratigraphic aspect of alluvium, the analyses of grain size, pollen and diatom, and the carbon dating were used. Major findings are; 1. It is characteristic that the depth of hurried valley and the thickness of alluvium in Honam Plain are shallow compared with estuary plain on East Sea coast and South Sea coast. 2. From the distribution height of blue-gray silt layer including marine diatom crust, the fact that the sea-level of about 6,000years B. P. lay in +1 meter above the present sea-level was identified. In that stage, the marine transgression occurred far inland to Samrye-Up along the Mangyoˇng-River and to Hwangdeung-Ri along the Tap-Cheoˇn. 3. From the distribution sequences of pollen and diatom on the Mangyoˇng boring core, it was identified that there was trend of relative declination of sea-level in around 4,000years B.P. 4. In about 6,000-5,000years B.P., on the lower reach of tributaries of the Mangyoˇng River, the marsh environment was formed widely, and then, the peat layers were deposited. 5. The geomorphic development of alluvial plain was the burried process of drowned valley by alluvium. The burried aspects were the alluvial fan type deposition on the bay head and the mud flat → salt marsh type deposition on the bay mouth. 6. It can be considered that the deposits transforted by the Kum River moved towards the south and reworked to the coast, and then played the partial role to form the estuary plains of the Mangyoˇng River and the Dongjin River.
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曺明姬,曺華龍 慶一大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.16 No.3
Through the ISODATA method, the micro-landform of Julpo-Bay tidal flat was classified into mudflat, mixedflat, and sandflat using Landsat TM image. Each showed an apparent differences in its topographical characteristics and grain size composition. Mudflats are formed with flat faces and tidal channel of dissected gully. Its characteristics of grain size analysis that the grains have less than mean grain size 4 phi. Its sorting is bad (higher than 1 S.D.), and it showed strongly positive skewness. But sandflat is topographically flat without tidal channel. It has developed with ripple marks. Accdording to the grain size analysis of deposits, the soil is coarse size with 90% of sand and its sorting is well(lower than 1 S.D.) Also, it showed strongly negative skewness. Mixed flat is in between mudflat and sandflat in its characteristcs.
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曺華龍 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.33 No.-
The bedding sequence of river mouth alluvium, being mainly concerned with the post-glacial sea-level transgressive pattern, would be main clues in the studing of post-glacial sea-level change and geomorphic development of alluvial plain. Analytic method of boring data on four river mouth alluvial plains and one tidal flat was used for the clarification of this. Main findings are as follow; 1. Each alluvial plain has buring valleyes and the thickness of deposits on the valleyes is about 30∼70 meters. (See Fig.3,6.13) 2. The bedding modes of the deposit show three different structure: uncomplete one-cycle in the excessive fluvial deposit supply; complete two, uncomplete two or uncomplete three cycles in the moderate; regardless of the depth one-cycle in the insufficient. 3. Generally, one-cycle on shallow deposits under -20 meters depth, two cycles on deposits more than -30 meters, in the moderate fluvial deposit supply. The bedding sequence and the terms of each bed are as in table 1. 4. The Lower silt-Clay Bed is correlated with sea-level transgression at around 10,000 y.B.P., the Middle Silt-Clay Bed at around 8,000 y.B.P., and the Upper Sand Bed at stable period sice 6,000 y.B.P.
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조화룡 대한지리학회 2005 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
본 연구는 산경표에 기초한 최근 한국 산맥논의를 검토하였다. 산경표는 풍수지리학에 기초를 둔 우리나라 전통 산맥 체계로 분수계 체계이다. 이 체계에 기초를 둔 논의들은 하천이 산맥을 절단하고 있는 것을 받아드리지 못하며, 이 체계의 중심 맥인 백두대간은 많은 기원이 다른 산맥들을 연결하여 이름하고 있다. 지형학에서 산맥은 구조 운동이나 차별 침식의 결과로 형성된 산지의 선적 배열이다. 같은 원인에 의하여 형성된 산지의 선적 배열을 하나의 산맥으로 이름을 부여하고, 형성 원인이 다르거나 방향성이 다른 것을 합쳐서 하나의 산맥으로 이름 하지는 않는다. 지형학에서 정의되는 산맥은 선행 하천에 의해 절단될 수 있고, 분수계 이동 현상도 일어나기 때문에 산맥이 분수계와 일치하는 것은 아니다. 따라서 백두대간이란 이름은 우리나라의 상징성을 표현할 때 사용하고, 교과서에서 우리나라의 지형을 설명할 때는 기존의 산맥체계를 사용해야 할 것으로 본다.
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조화룡,장호,이종남,Jo, Wha-Ryong,Chang, Ho,Lee, Jong-Nam 한국제4기학회 1987 제사기학회지 Vol.1 No.1
1) 加祚盆地는 花岡岩이 貫入한 地域이 侵蝕되는 과정상에서 熱接觸變質을 받은 주변 地質은 侵蝕에 저항하여 山地로 남고, 중앙의 花岡岩은 쉽게 침식을 받아 盆地底가 된 花岡岩의 侵蝕盆地이다. 2) 盆地底에는 形成시기를 달리하는 7개의 지형면을 분류할 수 있었으며, 이들은 오래된 것부터 高位1, 2面, 中位1, 2面, T面, 低位1, 2面으로 분류되었다. 3) 低位1面은 Carbon dating 및 花盆分析에 의하여 Early Wurm氷期에 형성된 것이 판명되었다. 4) 低位1面을 編年의 基準面으로 하고, 土壤의 土色(赤色土의 分布 여부), 礫의 風化度를 考慮하여 高位面은 Mindel氷期에, 中位面은 Riss氷期에, 低位2面은 late Wurm氷期에 對應하여 형성된 地形面으로 推定되었다. 5) 30,000年B.P.경에 加祚盆地의 植生은 Betula가 優占種이었으며, Picea도 높은 出現率을 보였다. Several fluvial terraces were developed in the Kajo Basin located in Kochang-gun, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea. The peat layers are formed on a fluvial terrace of them. To clarify the geomorphic development of this basin, a detailed classification of geomorphic surfaces, a soil profile study, grain size analysis, pollen analysis of the peat layers and C-14 dating were made. The main findings are as follows: 1) The Kajo Basin was formed by a differential erosion of granic rocks. The surrounding mountains are contact-metamorphosed gneiss and sedimentary rocks. 2) Seven geomorphic surfaces were recognized. They are named the H1, H2, M1, M2, T, L1 and L2 surfaces, from older to younger. 3) C-14 dating and the pollen analysis indicate that the L1 surface was formed during the Early Wurm Glacial. 4) The formation periods of the L2, M and H surfaces are supposed to be the Late Wurm, Riss and Mindel glacial, respectively, on the basis of the color of soil horizons (with or without the Red Soil) and the weathering degree of gravels. 5) Betula and Pices were dominant in the pollen of the Kajo Basin around 30,000 years B.P.
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曺華龍,宋彦根 慶北大學校 師範大學 1991 敎育硏究誌 Vol.33 No.-
The coastal lowland of Wolsong-Ri is located in the east coast of the Korean Peninsular. The research methods applied in this study are landform classification, grain size analysis, boring, and interview. The main findings are as follows : 1. The coastal lowland was formed by the process that the sediment carried from rivers and longshore currents buried the embayment which had been formed by the Postglacial Transgression. 2. The sand of the beach in the survey area is moving from the north to the south. This is proved by the facts as follows : (1) In the east coast, the north-east series winds are more dominant than the southeast series winds. This north-east series winds induced the southward longshore current. Accordingly, the sand moves from the north to the south by the southward longshore current. (2) The grain size of the beach in the survey region is gradually finer along to the south. (3) The growth rate of the south beach on the border of the break water is higher than that of the north beach. 3. In the survey region, a three line beach ridges are discriminated. The beach ridge sediment is mainly supplied by the longshore current from the north coast, and the river deposit of the Nam Dae Cheon acts little on the supply of the beach ridge sediment. 4. In the early stage of burying, the 3rd beach ridge blocked up the Hwang Bo Cheon estuary, as a result, the temporary lagoon was formed in the inner side of the beach ridge.
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