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Mesh-Based View Interpolation Using Adaptive Node Insertion and Elimination
Sung-Ho Lee,Seung-Won Jung,Seung-Kyun Kim,Sung-Jea Ko 대한전자공학회 2010 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1
This paper describes a triangular mesh based novel virtual view interpolation algorithm. In the conventional mesh based view interpolation, the feature points are extracted and the disparity between images is estimated at the extracted points. Then, image warping is performed by using the estimated disparity values. In order to improve the performance of the conventional view interpolation techniques, we first insert additional feature points at the disparity discontinuity and eliminate unnecessary feature points. Then, the forward and backward warping results are combined by using an adaptive weighting factor. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the visual quality of the interpolated image without excessively increasing the computational complexity.
Zebrafish as a good vertebrate model for molecular imaging using fluorescent probes
Ko, Sung-Kyun,Chen, Xiaoqiang,Yoon, Juyoung,Shin, Injae Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical Society reviews Vol.40 No.5
<P>Fluorescent probes have been used extensively to monitor biomolecules and biologically relevant species <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. A new trend in this area that has been stimulated by the desire to obtain more detailed information about the biological effects of analytes is the change from live cell to whole animal fluorescent imaging. Zebrafish has received great attention for live vertebrate imaging due to several noticeable advantages. In this <I>tutorial review</I>, recent advances in live zebrafish imaging using fluorescent probes, such as fluorescent proteins, synthetic fluorescent dyes and quantum dots, are highlighted.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Recent advances in zebrafish imaging using fluorescent probes such as fluorescent proteins, synthetic fluorescent dyes and quantum dots are reviewed. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cs00118j'> </P>
Synthetic ion transporters can induce apoptosis by facilitating chloride anion transport into cells
Ko, Sung-Kyun,Kim, Sung Kuk,Share, Andrew,Lynch, Vincent M.,Park, Jinhong,Namkung, Wan,Van Rossom, Wim,Busschaert, Nathalie,Gale, Philip A.,Sessler, Jonathan L.,Shin, Injae Nature Publishing Group 2014 Nature chemistry Vol.6 No.10
Anion transporters based on small molecules have received attention as therapeutic agents because of their potential to disrupt cellular ion homeostasis. However, a direct correlation between a change in cellular chloride anion concentration and cytotoxicity has not been established for synthetic ion carriers. Here we show that two pyridine diamide-strapped calix[4]pyrroles induce coupled chloride anion and sodium cation transport in both liposomal models and cells, and promote cell death by increasing intracellular chloride and sodium ion concentrations. Removing either ion from the extracellular media or blocking natural sodium channels with amiloride prevents this effect. Cell experiments show that the ion transporters induce the sodium chloride influx, which leads to an increased concentration of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and apoptosis via caspase activation. However, they do not activate the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway associated with the apoptosis-inducing factor. Ion transporters, therefore, represent an attractive approach for regulating cellular processes that are normally controlled tightly by homeostasis.
A Phase 1 Study Using Autologous Natural Killer Cells in Patients with HAIC-Hepatocellular Carcinoma
( Sung Bum Cho ),( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Woo Kyun Bae ),( Je Jung Lee ),( Yang Jun Kang ),( Cheol Kyun Cho ),( Yang Seok Ko ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has recently been tried with advances of understanding the role of immune defense against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To improve NK cells therapy, we focused to increasing delivery of NK cells and synergic effect combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). Methods: We did a prospective, open label, phase 1 trial of the safety and efficacy of autologous NK cells through hepatic arterial infusion as sequential therapy after HAIC in advanced HCC patients. Between March 2016 and July 2017, 11 patients were included who showed favorable response more than stable disease (SD) after 2 sessions of HAIC in advanced HCC patients with child A. A total 4 sessions of HAIC were performed the protocols of infusion of cisplatin (25/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (750/m<sup>2</sup>) for 4 days every 3-4 weeks interval. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients by leukapheresis were ob-tained after 3<sup>rd</sup> HAIC and NK cells were expanded for 2 weeks under Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Patients received planned dosage of NK cells through chemoport into hepatic artery for 5 days after 4<sup>th</sup> HAIC (3 patients; 2.5x108, 3 patients; 5x10<sup>8</sup>, 5 patients; injection of 10x10<sup>8</sup> NK cells). The primary end point was safety of NK cell injection; secondary endpoint included objective response rate (modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors), time to progression, dura-tion of response and immunologic efficacy. Results: Any adverse events of NK cells injection were none according to dosage. An objective response was observed in 7 patients (63.6%) included three complete responses and four partial responses. Stable disease was observed in 2 patients and progressive disease was in 2 patients and thus disease control rate was 81.8%. The mean duration of time to progression was 9.7±5.3 month and duration of response without chemotherapy was 6.1±5.2 month. The newly metastatic lesion was occurred in 3 patents (27.2%; lymph node 1 patients, Lung 2 patients). Two patients were died by tumor progression and others were still alive. The increasing immunologic response was observed in 5 patients (55 %) to evaluate cytotoxicity and NK cell proportion of peripheral mononuclear cells after NK cell injection. Conclusions: The HAIC and NK cells immunotherapy is safe and effective treatment in the advance HCC patient with favorable liver function. The additional studies are urgently required to establish the new novel treatment.
Ko, Sung-Kyun,Jin, Hui Juan,Jung, Da-Woon,Tian, Xizhe,Shin, Injae WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Angewandte Chemie. international edition Vol.48 No.42
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A change of heart: Cardiosulfa, a small molecule that induces heart deformation during zebrafish development, has been identified by using a forward chemical-genetic approach. Zebrafish embryos exposed to cardiosulfa have a narrow and elongated heart within an enlarged pericardial sac (see picture; heart marked with green fluorescent protein). <img src='wiley_img/14337851-2009-48-42-ANIE200902370-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14337851-2009-48-42-ANIE200902370-content'> </P>
Hypothermia alleviates hypoxic ischemia-induced dopamine dysfunction and memory impairment in rats
Ko, Il-Gyu,Cho, Han-Jin,Kim, Sung-Eun,Kim, Ji-Eun,Sung, Yun-Hee,Kim, Bo-Kyun,Shin, Mal-Soon,Cho, Seh-Yung,KimPak, Young-Mi,Kim, Chang-Ju The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2011 Animal cells and systems Vol.15 No.4
Hypoxic ischemia injury is a common cause of functional brain damage, resulting from a decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain. The main problems associated with hypoxic ischemia to the brain are memory impairment and dopamine dysfunction. Hypothermia has been suggested to ameliorate the neurological impairment induced by various brain insults. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypothermia on memory function and dopamine synthesis following hypoxic ischemia to the brain in rats. For this purpose, a step-down avoidance task, a radial eight-arm maze task, and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were performed. The present results indicated that the hypoxic ischemia-induced disturbance of the animal's performances and spatial working memory was associated with a decrement in TH expression in the substantia nigra and striatum, and an increase in cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Hypothermia treatment improved the animals' performance and spatial working memory by suppressing the decrement in TH expression in the substantia nigra and striatum and the increase in cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. We suggest that hypothermia can be an efficient therapeutic modality to facilitate recovery following hypoxic ischemia injury to the brain, presumably by modulating the dopaminergic cell loss.
( Sung Hyun Ahn ),( Eun Sook Park ),( Yong Kwang Park ),( Jeong Han Kim ),( Doo Hyun Kim ),( Keo Heun Lim ),( Won Hyeok Choe ),( Soon Young Ko ),( So Young Kwon ),( Kyun Hwan Kim ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Emergence of drug-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) against the nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) is a major problem for antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of drug-resistant mutations and characterized the effects of rtA181T and rtI233V mutations on viral replication and drug-resistance. Methods: We performed a clonal analysis of the HBV polymerase gene from serum samples during viral breakthrough treated with lamivudine (LMV) and adefovir (ADV). Representative mutants were analyzed for in vitro drug susceptibility by southern blot. We constructed a series of mutant clones and determined the ability of replication and drug resistance. Results: Conserved mutations in rt204, rt181, rt236, and rt233 were identified during the viral breakthrough. In vitro study revealed that the effect of rtA181T mutation on viral replication and drug resistance is dependent on the mutations in overlapping surface gene. The rtA181T mutant harboring surface stop (rtA181T/sW172*) showed a decrease in viral replication and increase in drug resistance compared to the rtA181T mutant harboring surface mutation (rtA181T/sW172S). Moreover, the rtA181T/sW172* mutant exhibited a secretion defect of viral particles. The rtI233V mutation which emerged during ADV therapy reduced the viral replication and conferred resistance to ADV. However, the rtI233V mutation did not affect the viral replication and drug resistance of rtA181T/sW172* mutant. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the impact of rtA181T mutation on drug resistance is different according to the mutation status in corresponding surface gene. The rtI233V mutation affects the replication ability and drug resistance. Our observation suggests the need of genotypic analysis of overlapping surface gene to manage the antiviral drug resistance if clinical isolates harbor rtA181T mutation.
A Fast Low Dropout Regulator with High Slew Rate and Large Unity-Gain Bandwidth
Ko, Younghun,Jang, Yeongshin,Han, Sok-Kyun,Lee, Sang-Gug The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.4
A low dropout regulator (LDO) with fast transient responses is presented. The proposed LDO eliminates the trade-off between slew rate and unity gain bandwidth, which are the key parameters for fast transient responses. In the proposed buffer, by changing the slew current path, the slew rate and unity gain bandwidth can be controlled independently. Implemented in $0.18-{\mu}m$ high voltage CMOS, the proposed LDO shows up to 200 mA load current with 0.2 V dropout voltage for $1{\mu}F$ output capacitance. The measured maximum transient output voltage variation, minimum quiescent current at no load condition, and maximum unity gain frequency are 24 mV, $7.5{\mu}A$, and higher than 1 MHz, respectively.