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The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults
Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3
Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.
Kwon, Yo Han,Woo, Sang‐,Wook,Jung, Hye‐,Ran,Yu, Hyung Kyun,Kim, Kitae,Oh, Byung Hun,Ahn, Soonho,Lee, Sang‐,Young,Song, Seung‐,Wan,Cho, Jaephil,Shin, Heon‐,Cheol,Kim, Je Y WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced Materials Vol.24 No.38
<P>The first ever demonstration of a cable‐type lithium ion battery architecture with outstanding omni‐directional flexibility is described by Je Young Kim, Heon‐Cheol Shin, and co‐workers on page 5192. The Front Cover image illustrates the unique battery architecture comprising a skeleton frame surrounding an empty space, that is, a hollow‐spiral anode with a multi‐helical structure. This design enables the battery to reliably power an LED screen or an MP3 player even under severe mechanical twisting and bending. </P>
Park, Jinbong,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Kim, Hye-Lin,Lim, Hara,Jung, Yunu,Youn, Dong-Hyun,Jeong, Mi-Young,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Su-Jin,Hong, Seung-Heon,Um, Jae-Young Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean Medicine (KM) is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in KM lacks experimental evidence. According to <I>Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica</I>, the earliest book of herbal medicine, <I>Veratrum nigrum</I> (VN) has antagonistic features against <I>Panax ginseng</I> (PG), and the PG-VN pair is strictly forbidden. In this study, we have shown the effects of PG, VN, and their combination on obesity in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 cells. PG, VN, and PG-VN combination significantly reduced weight gain and the fat pad weight in HF diet-induced obese mice. They also significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenesis factors, PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I>, in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the PG-VN combination had synergistic effects compared with the mixture of extracts of PG and VN on inhibition of PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I> expressions at lower doses. These results indicate a new potential anti-obese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in KM.</P>
Changing prevalence of upper gastrointestinal disease in 28 893 Koreans from 1995 to 2005
Kim, Jin Il,Kim, Sang Gyun,Kim, Nayoung,Kim, Jae Gyu,Shin, Sung Jae,Kim, Sang Woo,Kim, Hyun Soo,Sung, Jae Kyu,Yang, Chang Heon,Shim, Ki-Nam,Park, Seun Ja,Park, Joon Yong,Baik, Gwang Ho,Lee, Sang Woo,P Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Vol.21 No.7
OBJECTIVES: Changes in the pattern of gastrointestinal diseases in a population tend to be influenced by changes in diet and lifestyle. Shifts in gastrointestinal disease from 1995 to 2005 in Korea were evaluated, retrospectively. METHODS: Seventeen nationwide medical centers participated in this study. The cross-sectional review of endoscopic findings in 28 893 patients included 8441 patients from 1995, 10 350 patients from 2000, and 10 102 patients from 2005. RESULTS: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis increased from 1.8% in 1995 to 5.9% in 2000 and 9.1% in 2005 (P<0.001, the P value was only for the comparison between 1995 and 2005, the followings were as same). The prevalence of peptic ulcer diseases was 18.0% in 1995, 19.1% in 2000, and 20.2% in 2005 (P<0.001). Although no significant differences were noted in duodenal ulcers (8.4, 8.7, and 8.2%, P=0.449), gastric ulcers showed an increasing trend (9.6, 10.5, and 12.0%, P<0.001). The prevalence of gastric cancer increased from 3.4% in 1995 to 4.5% in 2000 (P<0.001), but then decreased to 2.4% in 2005 (P<0.001). The incidence of advanced gastric cancer was 2.5, 3.2, and 1.3%, respectively (P<0.001), and that of early gastric cancer remained constant with rates of 0.8%, 1.3, and 1.1%, respectively (P=0.056). CONCLUSION: The cross-sectional review of data collected in 1995, 2000, and 2005 showed an increase in reflux esophagitis and peptic ulcer diseases. Meanwhile, the prevalence of gastric cancer increased until 2000, but decreased in 2005.
Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes and anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis
Kim, Sang-Heon,Kim, Sang-Hoon,Bahn, Joon-Woo,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Chang, Yoon-Seok,Shin, Eun-Soon,Kim, Youn-Seup,Park, Jae-Seuk,Kim, Bo-Hyung,Jang, In-Jin,Song, Junghan,Kim, Seung-Hyun,Park, Hae-Sim,Min, Ky Future Medicine 2009 Pharmacogenomics Vol.10 No.11
<P>AIMS: Although some genetic risk factors have been reported for the development of hepatitis due to anti-TB drugs, an extensive candidate gene approach evaluating drug-metabolizing enzymes has not been attempted. This study aimed to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes with anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis. MATERIALS & METHODS: We compared genotype distributions of tagging SNPs in promoter, exons and haplotypes in seven drug-metabolizing enzyme genes (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, NAT2, UGT1A1 and UGT1A3) between 67 cases and 159 controls. RESULTS: Among four tagging SNPs of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), -9796T>A in promoter and R197Q were significantly associated (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0007, respectively). NAT2 haplotype 2 [A-A-A-G] carrying A allele of -9796T>A and A allele of R197Q showed significant association (p = 0.0004). However, there was no significant association between genotypes of other enzyme-metabolizing genes and anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis. The constructs containing -9796A of NAT2 showed significantly lower luciferase activity (p < 0.01), suggesting decreased expression of NAT2. The variant alleles and haplotype 2 showed significantly higher peak serum levels of isoniazid, lower acetyl isoniazid:isoniazid ratio and lower isoniazid clearance compared with wild-types. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that genetic variants in the promoter and exons of NAT2 increase the risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis by modifying acetylation phenotypes and/or gene expression of NAT2, and there is no essential role for genetic mutation of the other metabolizing enzymes in the development of this adverse reaction.</P>
Immunostimulatory Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng in the Mouse Model
Sang-Yong Park,Ho-Bin Kim,Jeong-Hoon Kim,Joo-Mi Lee,Sang-Rae Kim,Heon-Sub Shin,Tae-Hoo Yi 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.19 No.1
In this study, Woongjin fermented red ginseng extract (WFRG) was evaluated for its potential ability to act as an adjuvant for the immune response of mice. For the in vitro study, macrophages were treated with serial concentrations (1 ㎍/mL, 10 ㎍/mL, and 100 ㎍/mL) of WFRG. For in vivo studies, mice were administered different concentrations (10 ㎎/㎏/day, 100 ㎎/㎏/day, and 200 ㎎/㎏/day) of WFRG orally for 21 days. In vitro, the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α by RAW 264.7 cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, WFRG enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes induced by two mitogens (i.e., concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and increased LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6, but not IL-1β. In conclusion, WFRG has the potential to modulate immune function and should be further investigated as an immunostimulatory agent.
Kim, Chi Heon,Chung, Chun Kee,Kim, Myo Jeong,Choi, Yunhee,Kim, Min-Jung,Shin, Sukyoun,Jung, Jong-Myung,Hwang, Sung Hwan,Yang, Seung Heon,Park, Sung Bae,Lee, Jun Ho Elsevier 2018 World neurosurgery Vol.119 No.-
<P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>Examining spine surgery patterns over time is crucial to provide insights into variations and changes in clinical decision making. Changes in the number of surgeries, surgical methods, reoperation rates, and cost-effectiveness were analyzed for all patients who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis without spondylolisthesis in 2003 (2003 cohort) and 2008 (2008 cohort).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The national health insurance database was used to create the 2003 cohort (n = 10,990) and 2008 cohort (n = 27,942). The surgical methods were classified into decompression and fusion surgery. The cumulative reoperation probability between those surgeries was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method in the 2003 cohort and 2008 cohort. Comparison of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios showed the additional direct cost of a 1% change in the reoperation probability.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The surgical volume increased 2.54-fold in the 2008 cohort. The age-adjusted number of surgeries per 1 million people increased 2.6-fold (from 154 in the 2003 cohort to 399 in the 2008 cohort) in aged patients and 1.9-fold (from 154 in the 2003 cohort to 291 in the 2008 cohort) in patients 20–59 years old in the 2008 cohort. The proportion of fusion surgeries increased from 20.3% in the 2003 cohort to 37.0% in the 2008 cohort. In total, the 5-year reoperation probabilities increased from 8.1% in the 2003 cohort to 11.2% in the 2008 cohort. Fusion decreased the reoperation probability by 1% at the cost of 1,711 U.S. dollars.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The increased numbers of spinal surgeries, fusion surgeries, and surgeries in older patients in a recent cohort were noteworthy. However, the increased surgical volume and fusion surgeries did not reduce the reoperation rate.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Examining patterns of spine surgery over time is crucial. </LI> <LI> The national health insurance database was analyzed. </LI> <LI> Increased surgical volume and fusion surgeries failed to reduce the reoperation. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim, Chi Heon,Chung, Chun Kee,Jahng, Tae-Ahn,Park, Sung Bae,Sohn, Seil,Lee, Sungjoon Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2015 Journal of spinal disorders & techniques Vol.28 No.1
<P>Study Design: Retrospective comparative study. Objective: Two polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages of different designs were compared in terms of the postoperative segmental kyphosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Summary of Background Data: Segmental kyphosis occasionally occurs after the use of a stand-alone cage for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Although PEEK material seems to have less risk of segmental kyphosis compared with other materials, the occurrence of segmental kyphosis for PEEK cages has been reported to be from 0% to 29%. There have been a few reports that addressed the issue of PEEK cage design. Method: A total of 41 consecutive patients who underwent single-level anterior discectomy and fusion with a stand-alone cage were included. Either a round tube-type (Solis; 18 patients, S-group) or a trapezoidal tube-type (MC+; 23 patients, M-group) cage was used. The contact area between the cage and the vertebral body is larger in MC+ than in Solis, and anchoring pins were present in the Solis cage. The effect of the cage type on the segmental angle (SA) (lordosis vs. kyphosis) at postoperative month 24 was analyzed. Results: Preoperatively, segmental lordosis was present in 12/18 S-group and 16/23 M-group patients (P = 0.84). The SA was more lordotic than the preoperative angle in both groups just after surgery, with no difference between groups (P = 0.39). At 24 months, segmental lordosis was observed in 9/18 S-group and 20/23 M-group patients (P = 0.01). The patients in M-group were 7.83 times more likely than patients in S-group (P = 0.04; odds ratio, 7.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-56.28) not to develop segmental kyphosis. Conclusions: The design of the PEEK cage used may influence the SA, and this association needs to be considered when using stand-alone PEEK cages.</P>