REVIEW : Open Access ; Peste des petits ruminants in Pakistan; past, present and future perspectives

( Muhammad Abubakar ),( Muhammad Irfan ),( Shumaila Manzoor ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.32

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is considered to be one of the main constraints to enhancing the productivity of goats and sheep in regions where it is present and becoming endemic. PPR was recognized in Pakistan in early 1990s but got importance during the Participatory Disease Surveillance (PDS) of Rinderpest Eradication Campaign. Lot of research work has been initiated during last decade towards disease epidemiology, risk factor recognition, laboratory diagnosis, vaccination and demonstration of control strategies. Although there are ongoing projects working towards the progressive control of the disease in country yet there is need to have a national level control program for PPR. Also there is need to have comprehensive social economic surveys, disease hot spot recognition and identification of role of other species in disease transmission. With combined efforts of local and national authorities and political will, there is high likelihood that this devastating disease can be controlled and eventually eradicated in near future.

Morphology of Iron and Agglomeration Behaviour During Reduction of Iron Oxide Fines

Muhammad Irfan Ahadian Barustan,Sung‑Mo Jung 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The morphology of iron and agglomeration behaviour in the reduction progress of iron oxide fi nes were investigated interms of isothermal reduction at 800 °C in an atmosphere of CO and H 2 . Agglomeration index was employed to evaluate theagglomeration behaviour during reduction. Sticking and agglomeration occurred regardless of the iron oxides and reducingatmosphere. Reduction by CO showed a higher tendency for sticking due to the formation of iron whiskers. The addition ofCaO and MgO to Fe 2 O 3 in sintering process could improve the reduction, and also decrease the sticking by forming calcio/magnesio-wustite on the surface. Iron whiskers were still formed with the addition of CaO and MgO, and the shape of whiskerswere diff erent from that of pure Fe 2 O 3 . Uniform coating layer on the surface of particles might be one of the importantfactors aff ecting the decrease in sticking between particles.

Development of EMS mutant populations in Capsicum annuum and identification of non-pungent mutants

Muhammad Irfan Siddique,Koeun Han,Doyeon Hwang,Hee-Jin Jeong,Arti Rai,Byoung-Cheorl Kang 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

Plant breeding requires genetic diversity of useful traits for crop improvement. EMS-induced mutation is practiced to generate mutations at loci regulating economically important traits and/or to knock out the genes to elucidate their functions. The present study was aimed to induce mutations in a Korean local land race Capsicum annuum ‘Yuwol-cho’. This accession is pungent and also has advantage to mature early. A total of about 1,500 M2 families were screened and three non-pungent mutants were identified and crossed with wild type ‘Yuwol-cho’. After phenotyping of F2 population for pungency, MutMap approach will be used to identify the genes controlling the pungency in mutants. In addition to this, another C. annuum accession “Micro-Pep” was used to develop a mutant population. Micro-Pep is a small, pungent pepper generally used as ornamental purpose. Having compact growth habit, and small size, it has advantage to handle and utilize easily in mutation study and molecular research. On the basis of preliminary experiment 1.3% of mutagen was used for treatment of pepper seeds and 30% less germination percentage was observed in EMS treated seeds in comparison to control seeds. A total of 4,674 M1 plants are grown under greenhouse condition and M2 population will be studied for characterization of phenotypic variation including fruit color and pungency. Newly constructed mutant populations will be valuable assets for identification of functional genes and molecular breeding of pepper.

Anti-platelet role of Korean ginseng and ginsenosides in cardiovascular diseases

Irfan, Muhammad,Kim, Minki,Rhee, Man Hee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Cardiovascular diseases prevail among modern societies and underdeveloped countries, and a high mortality rate has also been reported by the World Health Organization affecting millions of people worldwide. Hyperactive platelets are the major culprits in thrombotic disorders. A group of drugs is available to deal with such platelet-related disorders; however, sometimes, side effects and complications caused by these drugs outweigh their benefits. Ginseng and its nutraceuticals have been reported to reduce the impact of thrombotic conditions and improve cardiovascular health by antiplatelet mechanisms. This review provides (1) a comprehensive insight into the available pharmacological options from ginseng and ginsenosides (saponin and nonsaponin fractions) for platelet-originated cardiovascular disorders; (2) a discussion on the impact of specific functional groups on the modulation of platelet functions and how structural modifications among ginsenosides affect platelet activation, which may further provide a basis for drug design, optimization, and the development of ginsenoside scaffolds as pharmacological antiplatelet agents; (3) an insight into the synergistic effects of ginsenosides on platelet functions; and (4) a perspective on future research and the development of ginseng and ginsenosides as super nutraceuticals.

An adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with battery energy storage system

Muhammad Irfan,Abdul Wadood,Tahir Khurshaid,Saeid, Gholami Farkoush,Chang-Hwan Kim,Sang-Bong Rhee 대한전기학회 2019 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.4

Investigation of Distribution System Protection in Presence of Battery Energy Storage Systems

Muhammad Irfan,Sang-Bong Rhee 대한전기학회 2019 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Anti-platelet role of Korean ginseng and ginsenosides in cardiovascular diseases

Muhammad Irfan,김민기,Man Hee Rhee 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Cardiovascular diseases prevail among modern societies and underdeveloped countries, and a highmortality rate has also been reported by the World Health Organization affecting millions of peopleworldwide. Hyperactive platelets are the major culprits in thrombotic disorders. A group of drugs isavailable to deal with such platelet-related disorders; however, sometimes, side effects and complicationscaused by these drugs outweigh their benefits. Ginseng and its nutraceuticals have been reported toreduce the impact of thrombotic conditions and improve cardiovascular health by antiplatelet mechanisms. This review provides (1) a comprehensive insight into the available pharmacological options fromginseng and ginsenosides (saponin and nonsaponin fractions) for platelet-originated cardiovasculardisorders; (2) a discussion on the impact of specific functional groups on the modulation of plateletfunctions and how structural modifications among ginsenosides affect platelet activation, which mayfurther provide a basis for drug design, optimization, and the development of ginsenoside scaffolds aspharmacological antiplatelet agents; (3) an insight into the synergistic effects of ginsenosides on plateletfunctions; and (4) a perspective on future research and the development of ginseng and ginsenosides assuper nutraceuticals.

Antiplatelet Effects of Garlic and Chitosan

Muhammad Irfan,Minki Kim,Hyuk-Woo Kwon,Man Hee Rhee,Hyun-Kyoung Kim 대한의생명과학회 2018 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.24 No.3

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing rapidly in developed countries, with CVDs now representing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural products and ethnomedicines have been shown to reduce the risk of CVDs. Garlic is a medicinal plant used throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from chitin, and derivatives of chitosan have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion. We hypothesized that fermented preparations of these products may possess stronger antiplatelet effects than the non-fermented forms owing to the increased bioavailability of the bioactive compounds produced during fermentation. Therefore, we compared these compounds via in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation assays by using standard light transmission aggregometry and ex vivo granule secretions from rat platelets. We found that fermented preparations exerted more potent and significant inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vitro and ex vivo. Likewise, ATP release from dense granules of platelets was also significantly inhibited in fermented preparation-treated rat platelets compared to that in non-fermented preparation-treated ones. We concluded that fermented preparations exerted more potent effects on platelet function both in vitro and ex vivo, possibly as a result of the increased bioavailability of active compounds produced during fermentation. We therefore suggest that fermented products may be potent therapeutics against platelet-related CVDs and can be used as antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents.

P2P 시스템에서의 신뢰성 있는 라우팅을 위한 KTree의 설계 및 실험

Muhammad Irfan Yousuf,김수현 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2013 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.4

본 논문은 P2P 시스템에서 분산 데이터 저장과 획득을 위한 신뢰성 있는 라우팅 방법인 KTree의 설계와 실험 평가를 다룬다. 많은 노드들이 시스템에 들어오고 나가는 상황에서도 KTree는 효율적인 라우팅을 가능하게 하여 자료 공유를 포함한 다양한 응용에 이상적인 선택이다. KTree에서 각각의 노드는 식별자 공간에 속하는 고유한 식별자를 갖는다. KTree는 식별자 공간을 층과 칸으로 나누고 각 칸마다 관리 노드를 정한다. 질의를 전달하기 위해서 각 노드는 다음 층의 일정한 숫자의 노드들과의 연결을 유지한다. 또한 시스템 전체에 대한 시야 확보를 위해서 각 노드는 꼭대기 층에 있는 노드와의 연결도 유지한다. 이러한 방법으로 KTree는 질의를 목적지까지 보내기 위해서 log(n) 개의 노드를 거치게 된다. 삽입 연산은 데이터를 여러 노드에 저장한다. 검색 연산은 이렇게 저장된 데이터를 효율적이고 안정적으로 되찾는다. PeerSim에 구현한 KTree의 시험적 구현을 통해서 신뢰성과 효율성을 확인할 수 있었다. 50,000 노드의 네트워크를 대상으로 한 실험 결과에서 노드들의 잦은 상태 변경에도 메시지를 잘 전달 할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Genome Editing of eIF4E1 in Chinese cabbage Confers Resistance to Turnip Mosaic Virus

Muhammad Irfan Siddique,Ye-Rin Lee,Hye-Eun Lee,Eun Su Lee,Koeun Han,Do-Sun Kim 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10

Many of the recessive virus-resistance genes in plants encode eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs), including eIF4E, eIF4G, and related proteins. Particularly, eIF4E and its isoform eIF(iso)4E are crucial for viral infection and act as recessive resistance genes against various potyviruses in a broad range of plants. In the present study, we used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/ Cas9)-mediated directed mutagenesis to test whether novel sequence-specific mutations at eIF4E1 in Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage) cv. ‘Seoul’ could confer enhanced resistance to potyviruses. This approach produced mutations in the transgene-free E1 generation. Sequence analysis of eIF4E1 from E0 transgenic plants expressing Cas9 and eIF4E-sgRNA transcripts identified chimeric mutations (insertions/deletions) ranging from 1 to 8 bp. Genotype analysis of the eIF4E1-edited lines in E0 and E1 transgenic Chinese cabbage plants showed that the mutations were transmitted to subsequent generation. When mutant lines were tested for resistance to potyviruses Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), they exhibited resistance against virus. Further, ELISA confirmation showed no accumulation of viral particles upon infection with (TuMV). The further analysis of mutation heritability in subsequent generations (E2) is going on. These results indicate that site-specific mutation of tomato eIF4E1 successfully conferred enhanced resistance to TuMV. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 approach to accelerate breeding for trait improvement in Chinese cabbage plants.