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Kazuya Inoki,Seiichiro Abe,Yusaku Tanaka,Koji Yamamoto,Daisuke Hihara,Ryoji Ichijima,Yukihiro Nakatani,Hsin- Yu Chen,Hiroyuki Takamaru,Masau Sekiguchi,Masayoshi Yamada,Taku Sakamoto,Satoru Nonaka,Haru 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.3
Background/Aims: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) requires the administration of intravenous (IV) fluorescein. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of IV fluorescein for both upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract pCLE. Methods: Patients 20 to 79 years old with gastric high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) were enrolled in thestudy. The dose de-escalation method was employed with five levels. The primary endpoint of the study was the determination ofthe optimal dose of IV fluorescein for pCLE of the GI tract. The reduced dose was determined based on off-line reviews by threeendoscopists. An insufficient dose of fluorescein was defined as the dose of fluorescein with which the pCLE images were notdeemed to be visible. If all three endoscopists determined that the tissue structure was visible, the doses were de-escalated. Results: A total of 12 patients with gastric HGD and 12 patients with CRNs were enrolled in the study. Doses were de-escalated to0.5 mg/kg of fluorescein for both non-neoplastic duodenal and colorectal mucosa. All gastric HGD or CRNs were visible with pCLEwith IV fluorescein at 0.5 mg/kg. Conclusions: In the present study, pCLE with IV fluorescein 0.5 mg/kg was adequate to visualize the magnified structure of both theupper and lower GI tract.
Mutsuo Yamaya,Kazuhiro Nomura,Kazuya Arakawa,Mitsuru Sugawara,Xue Deng,Nadine Lusamba Kalonji,Hidekazu Nishimura,Mitsuhiro Yamada,Ryoichi Nagatomi,Tetsuaki Kawase 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.5
Rhinoviral infection is associated with anincreased risk of asthma attacks. The macrolide clarithromycindecreases cytokine production in nasopharyngealaspirates from patients with wheezing, but the effectsof macrolides on cytokine production in nasal epithelialcells obtained from asthmatic subjects remain unclear. Here, human nasal epithelial cells were infected with type-14 rhinovirus (RV14), a major RV group. Titers and RNAof RV14 and cytokine concentrations, including IL-1b andIL-6, were higher in the supernatants of the cells obtainedfrom subjects with bronchial asthma (asthmatic group) thanin those from the non-asthmatic group. Pretreatment withclarithromycin decreased RV14 titers, viral RNA andcytokine concentrations, and susceptibility to RV14infection. Pretreatment with clarithromycin also decreasedIL-33 production, which was detected after infection. Pretreatment with clarithromycin decreased the expressionof intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the receptor forRV14, after infection, the number and fluorescence intensityof the acidic endosomes through which RV RNAenters the cytoplasm, and the activation of nuclear factorkappa-B proteins in nuclear extracts. These findings suggestedthat RV replication and cytokine production may beenhanced in nasal epithelial cells obtained from subjectswith bronchial asthma and may be modulated byclarithromycin.