Overexpression of Cell Cycle Proteins of Peripheral Lymphocytes in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Hyeran Kim,YoungAh Kwon,InnSook Ahn,Sangha Kim,Seonwoo Kim,Sangmee Ahn Jo,DohKwan Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.1

Objective-Biological markers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will help clinicians make objective diagnoses early during the course of dementia. Previous studies have suggested that cell cycle dysregulation begins earlier than the onset of clinical manifestations in AD. Methods-We examined the lymphocyte expression of cell cycle proteins in AD patients, dementia controls (DC), and normal controls (NC). One-hundred seventeen subjects (36 AD, 31 DC, and 50 NC) were recruited. The cell cycle proteins CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin B, and cyclin D were measured in peripheral lymphocytes. Cell cycle protein expression in the three groups was compared after adjusting for age and sex. Results-The levels of cell cycle proteins CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin B, and cyclin D were significantly higher in AD patients than in the NC subjects. The DC group manifested intermediate levels of cell cycle proteins compared with the AD patients and the NC subjects. The present study indicates that cell cycle proteins are upregulated in the peripheral lymphocytes of AD patients. Conclusion-Cell cycle dysregulation in peripheral lymphocytes may present a promising starting point for identifying peripheral biomarkers of AD.

Metabolic Differentiation of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella (L.)) Resistance in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. <i>capitata</i>)

Kim, Jae Kwang,Choi, Su Ryun,Lee, Jeongyeo,Park, Soo-Yun,Song, Seung Yeub,Na, Jonghyun,Kim, Suk Weon,Kim, Sun-Ju,Nou, Ill-Sup,Lee, Yong Han,Park, Sang Un,Kim, HyeRan American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.61 No.46

<P>The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a major pest responsible for destroying cabbage and other Brassica vegetable crops. A diamondback moth-resistant cabbage line was studied by comparing its metabolite profiles with those of a susceptible cabbage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that carbohydrates, aromatic compounds, and amides were the major factors that distinguished the resistant and susceptible genotypes. Gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry profiled 46 metabolites, including 19 amino acids, 15 organic acids, 8 sugars, 3 sugar alcohols, and 1 amine in two genotypes and F<SUB>1</SUB> hybrid cabbages. The levels of glycolic acid, quinic acid, inositol, fumaric acid, glyceric acid, trehalose, shikimic acid, and aspartic acid were found to be very significantly different between the resistant and susceptible genotypes with a <I>P</I> value of <0.0001. These results will provide a foundation for further studies on diamondback moth resistance in cabbage breeding and for the development of other herbivore-resistant crops.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2013/jafcau.2013.61.issue-46/jf403441t/production/images/medium/jf-2013-03441t_0006.gif'></P>

Targeted Genome Editing for Crop Improvement

( Hyeran Kim ),( Sang Tae Kim ),( Sang Gyu Kim ),( Jin Soo Kim ) 한국육종학회 2015 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.3 No.4

Crop improvement is essential to attaining world food security and enhancing nutrition for human beings. Both conventional breeding and modern molecular breeding have contributed to increased crop production and quality. However, the time and resources for breeding practices have been limited. It takes a long time to bring a novel improved crop to the market, and the genetic sources from wild species cannot be always available for crops of our interests. Genome editing technology implemented molecular breeding can overcome those limitations of time and resource by facilitating the specific editing of plant genomes. However, there is a long-lasting argument about the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In this review, we briefly summarize the principle of genome editing tools, focusing on the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the application of these tools to plants in the service of crop engineering.

Role of cyclophilin B in tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma in humans

Kim, Yeonghwan,Jang, Miran,Lim, Sangbin,Won, Hyeran,Yoon, Kyung‐,Sik,Park, Jae‐,Hoon,Kim, Hyo Jong,Kim, Byung‐,Ho,Park, Won‐,Sang,Ha, Joohun,Kim, Sung‐,Soo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Hepatology Vol.54 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Cyclophilin B (CypB) performs diverse roles in living cells, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unclear. To reveal its role in HCC, we investigated the induction of CypB under hypoxia and its functions in tumor cells <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Here, we demonstrated that hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) induces CypB under hypoxia. Interestingly, CypB protected tumor cells, even p53‐defective HCC cells, against hypoxia‐ and cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, it regulated the effects of HIF‐1α, including those in angiogenesis and glucose metabolism, via a positive feedback loop with HIF‐1α. The tumorigenic and chemoresistant effects of CypB were confirmed <I>in vivo</I> using a xenograft model. Finally, we showed that CypB is overexpressed in 78% and 91% of the human HCC and colon cancer tissues, respectively, and its overexpression in these cancers reduced patient survival. <I>Conclusions:</I> These results indicate that CypB induced by hypoxia stimulates the survival of HCC via a positive feedback loop with HIF‐1α, indicating that CypB is a novel candidate target for developing chemotherapeutic agents against HCC and colon cancer. (H<SMALL>EPATOLOGY</SMALL> 2011;).</P>

Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiling of green and red kale (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>acephala</i>) seedlings

Jeon, Jin,Kim, Jae Kwang,Kim, HyeRan,Kim, Yeon Jeong,Park, Yun Ji,Kim, Sun Ju,Kim, Changsoo,Park, Sang Un Elsevier 2018 Food chemistry Vol.241 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Kale (<I>Brassica oleracea</I> var. <I>acephala</I>) is a rich source of numerous health-benefiting compounds, including vitamins, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids. However, the genetic resources for exploiting the phyto-nutritional traits of kales are limited. To acquire precise information on secondary metabolites in kales, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of green and red kale seedlings. Kale transcriptome datasets revealed 37,149 annotated genes and several secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes. HPLC analysis revealed 14 glucosinolates, 20 anthocyanins, 3 phenylpropanoids, and 6 carotenoids in the kale seedlings that were examined. Red kale contained more glucosinolates, anthocyanins, and phenylpropanoids than green kale, whereas the carotenoid contents were much higher in green kale than in red kale. Ultimately, our data will be a valuable resource for future research on kale bio-engineering and will provide basic information to define gene-to-metabolite networks in kale.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The 49,471 transcripts were identified in kale transcriptome datasets. </LI> <LI> Sixty-eight secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes were identified in transcriptome. </LI> <LI> Forty-three secondary metabolites were detected in green and red kale seedlings. </LI> <LI> Some secondary metabolites were positively correlated with its biosynthetic genes. </LI> <LI> Most secondary metabolites were higher in red kale than in green kale. </LI> </UL> </P>

Sugar content and expression of sugar metabolism-related gene in strawberry fruits from various cultivars

Lee, Jeongyeo,Kim, Hyun-Bi,Noh, Young-Hee,Min, Sung Ran,Lee, Haeng-Soon,Jung, Jaeeun,Park, Kun-Hyang,Kim, Dae-Soo,Nam, Myeong Hyeon,Kim, Tae Il,Kim, Sun-Ju,Kim, HyeRan The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2018 식물생명공학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa) is a globally-cultivated and popular fruit crop, prized for its flavor and nutritional value. Sweetness, a key determinant of fruit quality, depends on the sugar composition and concentration. We selected eight strawberry cultivars based on the fruit soluble solids content to represent high and low sugar content groups. The average soluble solid content was $13.6^{\circ}Brix$ (Okmae, Geumsil, Aram, and Maehyang) and $2.9^{\circ}Brix$ (Missionary, Camino Real, Portola, and Gilgyung53), for the high and low sugar content groups, respectively. Sucrose was the main sugar in the cultivars with high sugar content, whereas fructose was the main component in the low sugar content cultivars. Fruit starch concentration ranged from $3.247{\pm}0.056$ to $3.850{\pm}0.055g/100g$, with a 12% higher concentration in the high sugar content cultivars. Additionally, we identified 41 sugar metabolism-related genes in Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa and analyzed the relationship between their transcripts and the sugar accumulation in fruit. FaGPT1, FaTMT1, FaHXK1, FaPHS1, FaINVA-3, and FacxINV2-1 were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars, while FapGlcT, FaTMT2-1, FaPHS2-1, FaSUSY1-1, and FaSUSY1-2 were highly expressed in the low sugar content cultivars. In general, a greater number of genes encoding sugar transporters or involved in sugar synthesis were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars. Contrarily, genes involved in sugar degradation were preferentially transcribed in the low sugar content cultivars. Although gene expression was not perfectly proportional to sugar content or concentration, our analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in strawberries provides a framework for further studies and for the subsequent engineering of sugar metabolism to enhance fruit quality.

DNA-free genome editing in plants with preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

Woo, Je Wook,Kim, Jungeun,Kwon, Soon Il,Corvalá,n, Claudia,Cho, Seung Woo,Kim, Hyeran,Kim, Sang-Gyu,Kim, Sang-Tae,Choe, Sunghwa,Kim, Jin-Soo Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2015 Nature biotechnology Vol.33 No.11

Editing plant genomes without introducing foreign DNA into cells may alleviate regulatory concerns related to genetically modified plants. We transfected preassembled complexes of purified Cas9 protein and guide RNA into plant protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, lettuce and rice and achieved targeted mutagenesis in regenerated plants at frequencies of up to 46%. The targeted sites contained germline-transmissible small insertions or deletions that are indistinguishable from naturally occurring genetic variation.

GIT1 is associated with ADHD in humans and ADHD-like behaviors in mice

Won, Hyejung,Mah, Won,Kim, Eunjin,Kim, Jae-Won,Hahm, Eun-Kyoung,Kim, Myoung-Hwan,Cho, Sukhee,Kim, Jeongjin,Jang, Hyeran,Cho, Soo-Churl,Kim, Boong-Nyun,Shin, Min-Sup,Seo, Jinsoo,Jeong, Jaeseung,Choi, S Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature medicine Vol.17 No.5

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder that affects ??% of school-aged children; however, the mechanisms underlying ADHD remain largely unclear. Here we report a previously unidentified association between G protein??coupled receptor kinase??interacting protein-1 (GIT1) and ADHD in humans. An intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism in GIT1, the minor allele of which causes reduced GIT1 expression, shows a strong association with ADHD susceptibility in humans. Git1-deficient mice show ADHD-like phenotypes, with traits including hyperactivity, enhanced electroencephalogram theta rhythms and impaired learning and memory. Hyperactivity in Git1<SUP>??/??</SUP> mice is reversed by amphetamine and methylphenidate, psychostimulants commonly used to treat ADHD. In addition, amphetamine normalizes enhanced theta rhythms and impaired memory. GIT1 deficiency in mice leads to decreases in ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate-1 (RAC1) signaling and inhibitory presynaptic input; furthermore, it shifts the neuronal excitation-inhibition balance in postsynaptic neurons toward excitation. Our study identifies a previously unknown involvement of GIT1 in human ADHD and shows that GIT1 deficiency in mice causes psychostimulant-responsive ADHD-like phenotypes.

콩의 폴리페놀, 피테이트 함량과 항산화능과의 관계

김미정(Mee Jeong Kim),송영주(YoungJu Song),김혜란(HyeRan Kim),이석룡(Seok Ryong Lee),석대은(Dai-Eun Sok),김세나(Sena Kim),김미리(Mee Ree Kim) 동아시아식생활학회 2009 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.19 No.6

In this study we evaluated polyphenol contents, phytate contents, and antioxidant activities (DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity) in several soybean cultivars. The polyphenol contents of the cultivars ranged from 0.0446 ㎎/g to 0.0652 ㎎/g, with the highest level found in the WS82 cultivar, whereas and the lowest in Duyukong. The phytate content of the WS2906 cultivar was the highest at 22.28 ㎎/g whereas Duyukong showed the lowest level. IC?? values (concentration of soybean extract exerting 50% scavenging of radicals) for DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity showed the highest in WS82. A positive correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and polyphenol contents was observed in the soybean cultivars, whereas not significant relationship between antioxidant activity and phytate content was found.

Deciphering the DNA methylation landscape of colorectal cancer in a Korean cohort

Seok-Byung Lim,Soobok Joe,Hyo-Ju Kim,Jong Lyul Lee,In Ja Park,Yong Sik Yoon,Chan Wook Kim,Jong Hwan Kim,Sangok Kim,Jin-Young Lee,Hyeran Shim,Hoang Bao Khanh Chu,Sheehyun Cho,Jisun Kang,Si-Cho Kim,Hong 생화학분자생물학회 2023 BMB Reports Vol.56 No.10

Aberrant DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the onsetand progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease with highincidence and mortality rates in Korea. Several CRC-associateddiagnostic and prognostic methylation markers have been identified;however, due to a lack of comprehensive clinical andmethylome data, these markers have not been validated in theKorean population. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to obtainthe CRC methylation profile using 172 tumors and 128 adjacentnormal colon tissues of Korean patients with CRC. Based onthe comparative methylome analysis, we found that hypermethylatedpositions in the tumor were predominantly concentratedin CpG islands and promoter regions, whereas hypomethylatedpositions were largely found in the open-sea region,notably distant from the CpG islands. In addition, we stratifiedpatients by applying the CpG island methylator phenotype(CIMP) to the tumor methylome data. This stratification validatedprevious clinicopathological implications, as tumors with highCIMP signatures were significantly correlated with the proximalcolon, higher prevalence of microsatellite instability status, andMLH1 promoter methylation. In conclusion, our extensive methylomeanalysis and the accompanying dataset offers valuableinsights into the utilization of CRC-associated methylation markersin Korean patients, potentially improving CRC diagnosis andprognosis. Furthermore, this study serves as a solid foundationfor further investigations into personalized and ethnicity-specificCRC treatments.