영양제로서 결정 NH₄H₂PO₄를 첨가한 피혁 공장 폐수의 생물학적 처리

전명순,임병란,최기덕,이수구 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.2 No.-

피혁 공장 폐수의 생물학적 처리에 있어서 유입 폐수의 급격한 부하변동, 독성물질의 유입 및 미생물의 성장에 필요한 각종 영양소의 불균형 등으로 인해 처리효율이 낮고 운전관리상 어려움이 많다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 피혁공장 폐수의 생물학적처리효율을 높이기 위하여 각종 영양제의 주입에 따른 처리효과에 관한 실험을 실시하여 적절한 영양제를 선정하고, 최적 주입량 등을 결정 하였다. 실험대상 폐수는 반월공단내의 피혁 공단 폐수로서 중화 및 응집참전 밥법으로 전처리 한 후 포기조에 유입되는 폐수를 대상으로 하였다. 영양제로는 회분식 실험에서 피혁폐수의 처리효율이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타난 결정 APM (ammonium phosphate monobasic, NH₄H₂PO₄)을 이용하였다. 연속식 활성 슬러지 공장에 있어서 폐수의 유량, 슬러지 반송율, 결정 APM 주입량 등을 변화시켜 그에 따른 처리효율에 미치는 영향을 실험 고찰하였으며, 생물 반응공학적인 반응해석을 통하여 설계에 필요한 반응상수 등을 구하였다. 연속식 활성슬러지법에서체류시간 12시간의 조건에서 영양제 미주입시 BOD 제거효율은 68%에 불과하였으나, 영양제로서 요소와 인산을 주입한 경우 73%로 증가하였으며 결정APM을 주입한 경우 90% 이상의 높은 처리율을 얻을 수 있었다. 결정 APM의 최적 주입량은 회분식 실험의 경우 300㎎/L이었으나, 연속식 실험의 경우 50㎎/L로 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 반송되는 슬러지내의 높은 인농도와 미량원소에 기인한다. 결정 APM을 50㎎/L 주입한 후 수리학적 체류시간을 6∼30 시간의 범위로 변화시켜 실험한 결과, BOD 제거효율은 체류시간 6시간에서는 67%에 불과하였으나, 12시간의 경우 93%, 30시간의 경우 98%이었다. 따라서 BOD제거효율 90%이상을 얻기 위해서는 수리학적 체류시간은 11시간 이상, F/M비는 0,65 ㎏ BOD/㎏ MLVSS·d 이하로 운전하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. This study was performed to enhance the treatment efficiency of leather wastewater adding APM(ammonium phosphate monobasic, NH₄H₂PO₄) crystal as nutrient which contained the sufficient mineral components. The effect of APM crystal on biological treatment were studied and its optimum dosage and kinetic coefficients were determined. In the continuous activated sludge system for field wastewater of Banwol leather complex, BOD removal efficiency could be obtained over 90% with adding APM crystal, while it was 68% without nutrients and 73% with urea and phosphoric acid in the condition of HRT 12hr and SRT 3 days. The optimum dosage of APM crystal was 50㎎/L which was low compared with 300㎎/L in batch test due to recycling sludge contained high content of phosphate and mineral nutrients. In the condition of adding APM crystal 50㎎/L and hydraulic retention time in the range 6∼30hr, BOD removal efficiencies were 67% for HRT 6hr, 93% for 12hr and 98% for 30hr. In order to obtain over 90% of BOD removal efficiency, HRT should be maintained over 11 hr and F/M ratio within 0.65 ㎏ BOD/㎏ MLVSS·d.

전치부 개방교합을 지닌 상악골 및 하악골 전돌증의 치료 : 증례 보고 A Case Report

천상득,진병로 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2

In general, the skeletal class Ⅲ has the characteristics of mandibular overgrowth with a normal maxillary growth or maxillary undergrowth with a normal mandibular growth And clinical and radiographic evaluations of the patient are needed. However, the treatment plan is not dependent on these evaluations alone, because patient's general condition and hope for aesthetics varies. The aim of this report is to consider the treatment of a medically compromised patient with an anterior open bite and skeletal class Ⅲ, which showed a severe mandibular overgrowth. In 2003, a 17-year-old boy with epilepsy, mental retardation presented at our clinic complaining of concave profile. A clinical examination showed severe mandibular prognathism with an anterior open bite. The radiographic examination revealed a short cranial base, a moderate maxillary overgrowth, severe mandibular overgrowth and skeletal open bite tendency. In 2004, he was verified to have no potential of growth by hand-and-wrist radiographs and an endocrine examination. He completed the preoperative orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery (sagittal split ramus osteotomy, genioplasty). He was evaluated on the first visit, the preoperative period and the postoperative period with a clinical and radiographic examination. At the first visit, the patient showed moderate overgrowth of the maxilla, severe overgrowth of the mandible, and a subsequential skeletal open bite. After the preoperative orthodontic treatment (preoperative period), the patient showed the same skeletal problem as before and a decompensated dentition for orthognathic surgery. After orthognathic surgery, his profile had improved, but he had still a skeletal open bite tendency because the maxillary orthognathic surgery was not performed. Severe mandibular prognathism with a maxillary overgrowth and anterior open bite should be treated by bimaxizlary orthognathic surgery. However, one-jaw orthognathic surgery on the remaining the skeletal open bite tendency was performed for his medical problem and facial esthetics. This subsequential open bite should be resolved with a postoperative orthodontic treatment.

체육 서비스조직의 리더십유형과 직무만족 및 조직유효성 간의 관계

천길영,남궁완,최병학,박효찬,홍승달,정석현 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship among style of leadership, job satisfaction, and efficacy of sport service organization. In order to achive this purpose three reaserch questions were established. Participants for this study were 300 of 23-50 overaged public workers. Of participations valid data were 279. They completed a modified inventory of the style of leadership, job satisfaction and efficacy of sport service organization. More details, style of leadership Scale modified by Ahn(2000), job satisfaction by Ahn (2000) and efficacy of sport service organization by Kim(2001) were using after remodifing scale to investigate the purpose of this study. Results were analysed in quantitative approaches. Data were collected through self-administered survey. The most three meaningful results of the study were as follows; First, there was influenced to relationship between style of leadership and job satisfaction. Second, there was influenced to relationship between style of leadership and efficacy of sport service organization. Third, there was influenced to relationship among style of leadership, job satisfaction, and efficacy of sport service organization.

美國環境訴訟의 "Standing" 論理

千柄泰 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1984 環境硏究報 Vol.2 No.-

Beginning in 1968 the Supreme Court in the U.S.A. has given the federal law of standing a new basic orientation. Many now have Standing who were denied it before 1968. A Case of Association of Data processing Service Organizations v. Camp is more important in answering current questions about standing than all previous decisions of the Supreme Court. The present law of standing differs no more than slightly, if it differs at all, from the simple proposition that one who is hurt by administrative action has standing to challenge it. Sierra Club's case has drastically liberalized the federal law of standing, giving it a new basic orientation.

獨逸 悲歌 小考

千丙熙 단국대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

現代 獨逸語의 構文案의 諸 問題點과 統一的 構文案 設定의 可能性에 대한 硏究

田炳天 단국대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

委巷文學의 性格

千柄植 亞洲大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Wi-Hang Literature was first introduced in the latter part of the 17th century by Wi-Hang poets. It enjoyed its peak time in the 18th century and decayed in the 19th century. One of the great changes in the latter part society of the Yi Dynasty was that art started to have new developments. Along with music and paintings we could see such kind of phenomena in literature Wi-Hang-In, while accepting the contents and forms of Chinese poetry and prose, started to show some characteristics in their own. In this study the author has attempted to make a research into some characteristics in terms of contents and forms of Wi-Hand Literary works which are differnent from those of Yang-Ban Sa-Dae-Bu. Firstly, in contents, they criticized the reality of their days, brought a charge against the miserable situations of farmers, wrote a lot of poems in retrospection and sentimentalism by the name of Young-Sa-Si. They also produced many works reflecting diversified feelings of people's daily life realistically, turned daily words into poetic diction, used satire and humour frequently, trying to express Cheon-Gi and nature faithfully.

所得分配理論에 대한 硏究

千炳權 호남대학교 1986 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.6 No.1

This is concerned primarily with the income distribution theory from the physiocrats to the post - keynesian with the exception of the against stream economists. Physiocrats agreed on one basic proposition that wealth came ultimately from the land. Only land contained the life - giving forces of nature derived form God. Manufacturing could change only the form of wealth derived from nature, and commerce could change only its location and ownership. Land along could produce a surplus. Classical economists found the source of wealth in neither trade nor agriculture but in human labor. They declared that the necessary prerequisite for any commodity to have value was that it be the product of human labor. This theory became known as the labor theory of value. Especially, Ricardo's distribution theory was based on two separate principles which we may term the marginal principle and the surplus principles respectively. The marginal principle serves to explain the share of rent, and the surplus principle the division of the residue between wages and profits. Neoclassical economists who used the marginal analysis ignored the problem of income distribution. These new theologians of industrial society developed a theory proving that all factors of production - whether labor, land, or capital - earned a wage exactly equal to their contribution to the value of output. No one could exploit anyone else, there was no unearned surplus to be appropriated by the owners of capital, and full justice must prevail in the distribution of income. The worker received what he earned, no more and no less. This was called the theory of marginal productivity. In a post keynesian, there were two points of departure in the development of an explanation of determinants of the distribution of income. First, if marginal productivity could not provide a general explanation of the demand for labor, then the proposition that the wage could be determined by the marginal productivity of labor had to be abandoned. An altrenative approach to the distribution of income would require an explanation of how both the rate of profit on capital and the wage rate were determined before the explanation of distribution could be broached.

운동여성의 심폐기능과 골밀도에 관한 연구

천병옥 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study investigated on exercise type for cardiovascular function and bone mineral density in middle aged womens. 20 housewives selected as subject and then divided in two group; The health+swim group with 10 women, swim group with 10 women, total 20 women. The results were as follows; 1. Cardiovascular function were Significant different was appeared on restHR(p<.05) in health+swim group higher than swim group, but Non significant different was appeared on HRmax, ^(·)VO₂/㎏, ^(·)VEmax in each group. 2. Bone mineral density were Significant different was appeared on spine(p<.001), lumbar(p<.001), ribs(p<.001), pelvis(p<.0001), total BMD(p<.0001) in health+swim group higher than swim group. 3. Cardiovascular function and Bone mineral density's Correlation coefficient of variables were retHR and spine(r=-0.51), ribs(r=-0.81), total BMD(r=-0.68) have significant negative relation, ^(·)VEmax and lumbar(r=0.52), total BMD(r=0.45) have significant positive relation

만성 간염과 간경변증의 고해상 초음파 소견

정덕환,구봉식,최종철,박병호,남경진 동아대학교의과대학 1997 동아의대학술지 Vol.9 No.2