해방기 김동리 소설에 드러난 순수문학의 두 양상

김아름 ( Arum Kim ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2021 인문사회 21 Vol.12 No.4

이 연구는 해방기 우익문단의 대표적인 문인인 김동리의 문학관을 탐구하는 데 목적을 둔다. 주지하다시피 이 시기 우익문단은 ‘순수문학’을 전면에 내세웠는데 김동리는 그 순수문학론을 이끈 장본인이다. 그러나 지금까지의 ‘순수문학’ 관련 논의는 김동리의 비평에 치중한 경향이 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 김동리의 비평뿐만 아니라 소설까지 연구의 대상으로 삼았다. 특히 소설의 인물 유형과 창작기법에 주목하여, 그것이 김동리의 문학관과 연결되는 지점을 검토하였다. 검토 결과, 김동리는 두 가지 지점에서 순수문학론을 펼쳐 보이고 있었다. 첫째, 대항논리로서의 반공주의를 내세웠다. 「윤회설」을 비롯한 여러 소설의 인물 유형에서 반공주의적 면모를 엿볼 수 있었다. 둘째, ‘순수문학’을 하나의 대안으로 내세우고 있었다. 「역마」 등의 작품에서 탈현실적인 묘사를 보여줌으로써 ‘순수문학’에 대한 지향성을 엿볼 수 있었다. 결과적으로 김동리는 비평뿐만 아니라 소설에도 자신의 문학관을 투영하고 있었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 물론 향후 연구범위를 김동리 소설 전반으로 더 넓혀야 한다는 과제가 남았다. 그러나 이 연구는 김동리의 문학관을 비평뿐만 아니라 소설까지 함께 검토함으로써 분석하려고 했다는 점에서 의의를 발견할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to explore the literary view of Kim Dong-ri, a representative writer of right-wing literary circles during the liberation period. As is well known, right-wing literary circles put ‘pure literature’ to the fore during this period, and Kim Dong-ri was the one who led the theory of pure literature. However, discussions on ‘pure literature’ so far have tended to focus on Kim Dong-ri’s criticism. Therefore, in this study, not only Kim Dong-ri's criticism but also novels were taken as subjects of study. In particular, by taking the extrinsic analysis of novels as a research methodology, the point where it is connected to Kim Dong-ri's view of literature was examined. As a result of the review, Kim Dong-ri was showing his view of literature from two perspectives. First, anti-communism as an opposing logic was put forward. Anti-communist aspects could be glimpsed in the characters of novels including Yunhoeseol. Second, ‘pure literature’ was presented as an alternative. By showing post-political and de-realistic depictions in works such as Yeogma, we could see the orientation towards ‘pure literature’. As a result, it could be confirmed that Kim Dong-ri was projecting his literary view not only in criticism but also in novels. Of course, there remains a task to further broaden the scope of future research to include Kim Dong-ri’s novels. However, this study has its own significance in that it tried to analyze Kim Dong-ri’s view of literature by examining not only criticism but also novels.

Notch signaling in the collecting duct regulates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilat-eral ureteral obstruction in mice

( Arum Choi ),( Sun Ah Nam ),( Wan-young Kim ),( Sang Hee Park ),( Hyang Kim ),( Chul Woo Yang ),( Jin Kim ),( Yong Kyun Kim ) 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.4

Background/Aims: Mind bomb-1 (Mib1) encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is required for the initiation of Notch signaling. Recently, it was demonstrated that the renal collecting duct plays an important role in renal fibrosis. Here, we investigated the role of Notch signaling in renal fibrosis using conditional knockout mice with the specific ablation of Mib1 in renal collecting duct principal cells. Methods: Mib1-f loxed mice (Mib1^f/f) were crossed with aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-Cre mice in order to generate principal cell-specific Mib1 knockout mice (Mib1^f/f :AQP2-Cre⁺). Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed, and mice were sacrificed 7 days after UUO. Results: After performing the UUO, renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the expression of transforming growth factor β were markedly enhanced in the obstructed kidneys of Mib1^f/f mice compared with the sham-operated kidney of Mib1^f/f mice. These changes were shown to be even more pronounced in the obstructed kidneys of Mib1^f/f: AQP2-Cre⁺ mice than in those of the Mib1f/f mice . Furthermore, the number of TUNNEL-positive cells in renal collecting duct was higher in the obstructed kidneys of Mib1^f/f: AQP2-Cre⁺ mice than in the kidneys of Mib1^f/f mice. Conclusions: Notch signaling in the renal collecting duct plays an important role in the regulation of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and apoptosis after UUO.

Changes in the Clinical Characteristics of Kawasaki Disease After Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Database Analysis

Kim Beom Joon,Choi Arum,Kim Hwan Soo,Oh Jin-Hee,Lee Jae-Young,Kim Sukil,Han Ji-Whan,Kim Kyunghoon,Kim Hyun Hee 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.20

Background: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on Kawasaki disease (KD) has not yet been established. We investigated changes in the observed number and severity of KD cases and accompanying coronary artery complications during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients aged < 18 years with acute-phase KD diagnosed between March 2018 and February 2021. Data were extracted from the Clinical Data Warehouse that houses data from five affiliated university hospitals in Korea. We analyzed changes in the number of patient admissions and clinical characteristics, including cardiac complications, before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A total of 475 admissions were included in the analysis. After March 2020, we observed a significant decrease of 33% in the number of hospitalizations for KD compared with the average number of hospitalizations during the previous 2 years. The number of admissions per month significantly decreased by 7.9 persons/month (95% confidence interval, −13.8 to −2.0; P < 0.05) compared with that before COVID-19. By contrast, the proportion of patients aged < 1 year with KD increased. The proportion of patients with refractory KD and the rate of cardiac complications did not change significantly. Conclusion: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the total number of hospital admissions for KD has decreased in Korea. Although the proportion of admissions of infants aged < 1 year increased, no changes were observed in clinical courses and complications.

Expression of Vitamin D Receptor in Seminal Vesicles of Cholesterol Formula Mice

( Tae-hee Kim ),( Hae-hyeog Lee ),( Jun-mo Kim ),( Seung Do Choi ),( Arum Lee ),( Sun Yong Hwang ),( Mijin Kim ),( Yeon-suk Kim ),( Seungrae Yeom ) 대한폐경학회 2015 대한폐경학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives: Genomic function of vitamin D receptor (VDR) indicates spermatogenesis that is important for in male reproductive organ authors evaluated the VDR expression in seminal vesicles with high cholesterol (HC) formula diet rat, because there is no report about relationship or difference in VDR in seminal vesicles between HC and control. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice aged 5 weeks were raised for 13 weeks. After one week of adaptation-period, they were fed different diet on normal AIN-93G diet, or HC diet containing 2% cholesterol for 12 weeks. The antibodies used were rabbit anti- VDR primary polyclonal. Results: There was no significant difference in VDR reactivity in seminal vesicles, body weight of rat and weight of seminal vesicles between HC group and normal control group. Conclusion: Our data give the no difference in expression of VDR of seminal vesicles rat between HC formula diet and normal AIN-93G diet. But we confirmed the VDR expression in seminal vesicles. (J Menopausal Med 2015;21:89-92)

Development of an Online Practicum Program in Critical Care Nursing for Undergraduate Students

Arum Lim,Jung-Yeon Kim,Phill-Ja Kim,Yeonsoo Jang 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aims: The clinical practicum is crucial in facilitating the transition from academic to professional setting. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has created many challenges in clinical placement for undergraduate students, especially regarding critical care nursing. This study aimed to develop an online practicum program to supplement the critical care nursing clinical practicum for undergraduate students. Methods: This methodological study utilized the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model. Content validity was measured by 13 critical care nursing experts. In addition, to establish clinical validity, SERVQUAL was used to measure satisfaction with the online practicum program among 30 undergraduate students. The online program was applied in the fall and spring semesters of 2020 and 2021, respectively, at a nursing college in Korea. Results: We developed the online practicum program based on a literature review and the nursing college’s learning outcomes. Seven video clips, three case studies, and two scenarios of computer-based communication simulation were developed through cooperation among the investigators and clinical nursing professionals. The item-level content validity index scores were >0.91, acceptable to verify this program. The mean scores for perceptions regarding the online practicum program were significantly higher than those for expectations (mean difference 0.53, p<.001). The mean difference was most increased in the order of assurance and responsiveness. Conclusion: Online practicum programs could supplement clinical practicums for undergraduate nursing students in case clinical placement in intensive care units is challenging. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the learning effectiveness of hybrid online programs in critical care nursing practicums for undergraduate students.

Therapeutic Approaches to Atrophic Vaginitis in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review with a Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

( Arum Lee ),( Tae-hee Kim ),( Hae-hyeog Lee ),( Yeon-suk Kim ),( Temuulee Enkhbold ),( Bora Lee ),( Yoo Jin Park ),( Kisung Song ) 대한폐경학회 2018 대한폐경학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives: Atrophic vaginitis (AV), which is common in postmenopausal women, is characterized by vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and discomfort. There are a variety of therapeutic agents for the treatment of AV, besides hormone replacement therapy. We performed this systematic review to compare the effectiveness of various therapies for symptom improvement in AV patients. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and other literature (Google Scholar, Web of Science, and hand search) for studies published between January 2010 and March 2015. AV was evaluated by the following outcomes: vaginal pH, dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, or cytological change (endometrial thickness, percentages of superficial cells and parabasal cells). They measured treatment efficacy with various outcomes pertaining to AV symptoms. Results: Meta-analysis suggested that ospemifene was effective against dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, endometrial thickness, and percentage changes in superficial and parabasal cells. Vaginal pH was most affected by soy isoflavone vaginal gel. Ospemifene was effective for AV symptoms. Conclusions: This systematic review compared the effects of several therapeutic agents on symptoms of AV through a network meta-analysis. This study provides objective evidence for clinical treatment and efficacy management in AV. (J Menopausal Med 2018;24:1-10)

A novel mutation in XLRS1 gene in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis

Kim, Da Hyun,Heo, Sun Hee,Seo, Go Hun,Oh, Arum,Kim, Taeho,Kim, Gu-Hwan,Yoon, Young Hee,Yoo, Han-Wook,Lee, Beom Hee Korean Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics 2018 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.15 No.1

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is characterized by the progressive loss of visual acuity and vitreous hemorrhage. XLRS is caused by a mutation of retinoschisin 1 (RS1) gene at Xp22.13. In the current report, a 2-year-old Korean patient with XLRS was described. The germline deletion of exon 1 was identified in the RS1 gene. Considering X-linked inheritance pattern, validation of a carrier state of a patient's mother is important for the genetic counseling of other family members and for the future reproductive plan. To confirm the carrier state of his mother, the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was done using peripheral leukocytes and found the heterozygous deletion of exon 1 in his mother.

Taxifolin reduces the cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal apoptosis by suppressing the Akt and NF-κB activation-mediated cell death

Kim, Arum,Nam, Yoon Jeong,Lee, Chung Soo Elsevier 2017 Brain research bulletin Vol.134 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The taxifolin effect on the cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal apoptosis was investigated using differentiated PC12 cells and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. 7-ketocholesterol induced phosphorylation of Akt, and increase in the levels of cytosolic and nuclear NF-κB p65, cytosolic NF-κB p50 and cytosolic phosphorylated-IκB-α in PC12 cells. The cholesterol oxidation products also induced a decrease in the levels of Bid and Bcl-2, increase in the levels of p53 and Bax, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome <I>c</I>, activation of caspases (−8, −9 and −3), production of reactive oxygen species, depletion of GSH and cell death in both cell lines. Taxifolin, <I>N</I>-acetylcysteine, trolox, Akt inhibitor and Bay11-7085 attenuated the cholesterol oxidation product-induced changes in the apoptosis-related protein levels, activation of the Akt and NF-κB, reactive oxygen species production, GSH depletion and cell death. These results show that taxifolin may reduce the cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal apoptosis by suppressing the Akt and NF-κB activation-mediated cell death. The suppressive effect appears to be attributed to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and GSH depletion.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Taxifolin inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species. </LI> <LI> It inhibits the depletion of glutathione. </LI> <LI> It reduces the Akt and NF-κB activation. </LI> <LI> It suppresses the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways. </LI> <LI> It attenuates cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal apoptosis. </LI> </UL> </P>

Rotundarpene inhibits TNF-α-induced activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways, and the JNK and p38 associated with production of reactive oxygen species

Kim, Arum,Nam, Yoon Jeong,Shin, Yong Kyoo,Lee, Min Sung,Sohn, Dong Suep,Lee, Chung Soo Springer-Verlag 2017 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY - Vol.434 No.1

ABT-737 Synergizes with Cisplatin Bypassing Aberration of Apoptotic Pathway in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Kim, Eun Young,Jung, Ji Ye,Kim, Arum,Chang, Yoon Soo,Kim, Se Kyu Neoplasia Press 2017 Neoplasia Vol.19 No.4

<P>A subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which does not have a druggable driver mutation, is treated with platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy, but it develops resistance triggered by DNA damage responses. Here, we investigated the effect of activation of STAT3 by cisplatin on anti-apoptotic proteins and the effectiveness of a co-treatment with cisplatin and a BH3 mimetic, ABT-737. We analyzed the relationship between cisplatin and STAT3 pathway and effect of ABT-737, when combined with cisplatin in NSCLC cells and K-ras mutant mouse models. The synergism of this combination was evaluated by the Chou-Talalay Combination Index method. In <I>vivo</I> activity was evaluated by micro-CT. In NSCLC cells, there was a time and dose-dependent phosphorylation of SRC-JAK2-STAT3 by cisplatin, followed by increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules. When the expression of the BCL-2 protein family members was evaluated in clinical samples, BCL-xL was most frequently overexpressed. Dominant negative STAT3 suppressed their expression, suggesting that STAT3 mediates cisplatin mediated overexpression of the anti-apoptotic molecules. ABT-737 displaced BCL-xL from mitochondria and induced oligomerization of BAK. ABT-737 itself showed cytotoxic effects and a combination of ABT-737 with cisplatin showed strong synergistic cytotoxicity. In a murine lung cancer model, co-treatment with ABT-737 and cisplatin induced significant tumor regression. These findings reveal a synergistic cytotoxic and anti-tumor activity of ABT-737 and cisplatin co-treatment in preclinical models, and suggest that clinical trials using this strategy may be beneficial in advanced NSCLC.</P>