大學生의 樂觀性과 進路決定水準 및 進路適應性의 關係

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The topic of this study is how the optimism of college students affects the realm of career and whether there is mediating effect of career decision-making self-efficacy scale and career barriers. Also, as confirming the gender difference of mediating effect of career decision-making self-efficacy scale and career barriers, this study suggests the direction of the differentiated intervention for career guidance to male and female students. Optimism can be understood in the same context of the concept of expectation for result in social-cognitive career theory, and it especially emphasizes the cognitive aspect; the important factor in individual development and decision of career is the evaluation of the self and confidence related to career (Betz &　Hackett, 1981). The factors which directly affect choosing and making decision of career are cognitive variables such as optimism and expectation for result rather than substantial capability, values, or interests. Therefore, it became a significant task in the realm of career to explore factors that are helpful for college students to overcome their irrational self-evaluation unconsciously internalized by individual characteristics and environmental backgrounds. In this context, this study is to make a foundation that can maximize the effectiveness of intervention through career counseling and career guidance for college students combining optimism and the realm of career.
Hypotheses in this study are as follows: First, what is the difference between optimism and career variables of college students as gender and the year varies? Second, is there difference among career variables according to the level of optimism of college students? Third, is there mediating effect of career decision-making self-efficacy scale and career barriers as optimism of college students influences the career decision scale and career adaptability? Fourth, what are effects that optimism influences to career decision-making self-efficacy scale and career barriers, and that of mediating variables to career decision scale and career adaptability? In order to comprehend hypotheses above, Seligman’s Optimism Test and career decision-making self-efficacy scale, career barriers, the career decision scale and career adaptability test were used. Subjects were 758 four-year college students including 411 male and 347 female. The main results of the study are as follows.
First, as a result of analyzing if there is difference of average in measured variables according to gender, it showed that there is no statistically meaningful difference of gender and the year in optimism. Verification of gender difference in career variable showed that career barriers and career adaptability are higher in male group and that career decision scale and career decision-making self-efficacy scale are higher in female group.
Second, the result of analysis on the difference of average in career variables according to the level of optimism showed that the group of high level of optimism shows statistically meaningful higher average in career decision-making self-efficacy scale, career barriers, career decision scale, and career adaptability than the group of low level of optimism.
Third, the analysis of mediating effect of career decision-making self-efficacy scale as optimism of college students influences career decision scale and career adaptability revealed that there is partial mediation in the whole group and that there is also partial mediation in each male and female group separately.
Fourth, regarding mediating effect of career barriers as optimism influences career decision scale and career adaptability, the result revealed that there is full mediation of career decision scale in both male and female groups.
Fifth, analyzing the influence of optimism by gender to subfactors of career decision-making self-efficacy scale and that of subfactors of career decision-making self-efficacy to career decision scale and career adaptability, it revealed that optimism gives statistically meaningful influence to self-evaluation and choice of purpose in male group, and that so does it to self-evaluation, choice of purpose, future plan, and problem solving in female group.
Sixth, analyzing the influence of optimism by gender to subfactors of career barriers and that of subfactors of career barriers to career decision scale and career adaptability, the result showed that optimism of male students affects the lack of career information the most and that of female students influences the indecisiveness the most. Also, it shows that deficiency of self-clarity in male group and the indecisiveness in female group is the most influencing subfactor in career barriers to career decision scale.
This study suggests that career counselors need to reinforce clients in order to boost their positivity, self-control, and expectation for result in career when helping with career problems of college students. Also, different approaches should be used in the realm of career issues separating into cognitive and behavioral parts.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 대학생의 낙관성이 진로결정수준 및 진로적응성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며, 이 과정에서 진로결정자기효능감과 진로장벽의 매개효과가 있는지에 대하여 연구하였다. 대상은 대학생 758명이며 자료분석은 성별로 구분하여 실시하였다. 진로상담 장면에서 대학생들의 진로문제를 조력하고자 할 때에 어떤 방법으로 차별화된 맞춤형 진로개입 접근을 해야할 지에 대한 방향성을 제시하였다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 5
• 3. 용어의 정의 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 10
• 1. 낙관성 10
• 2. 진로결정자기효능감 21
• 3. 진로장벽 26
• 4. 진로결정수준 31
• 5. 진로적응성 34
• 6. 진로결정자기효능감과 진로장벽의 매개효과 38
• 7. 연구모형 42
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 43
• 1. 연구대상 43
• 2. 측정도구 43
• 3. 연구절차 47
• 4. 자료분석 47
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 49
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 논의 88
• 1. 결론 88
• 2. 논의 91
• 3. 연구의 의의 102
• 4. 제한점 및 제언 104
• 참고문헌 106
• ABSTRACT 115
• 부록 119

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