This study noted that the factor of psychological difference among individuals should be taken into consideration for differential diagnosis the study is to categorize the components of gender role identity and role orientation into a few clusters by ...
This study noted that the factor of psychological difference among individuals should be taken into consideration for differential diagnosis the study is to categorize the components of gender role identity and role orientation into a few clusters by career roles aimed at by individuals, It tried to confirm the differences in the recognition of career barriers and compromise process for each category drawn through the classfication system considering these psychological differences among individuals. Through this, it tried to seek for and appropriate counseling strategy for individual characteristics and circumstances in actual career counseling and education.
Research questions set in this study are as follows: Research question No. 1 is "How many clusters with interpretability can individuals' orientation toward career roles be categorized into?", Research question No. 2 is "Are there differences in the recognition of career barriers by each category drawn out from the research question No. 1?", Research question No. 3 is "Are there differences in compromise process by each category drawn out from the research question No. 1?", and research question No. 4 is "Are there differences in the order of compromise variables by each category drawn out from the research question No. 1?"
To solve these research questions, Korean male and female college sudents were selected as the target of the research. For data collection, to distribute evenly sampling targets, samples from 4-year universities and colleges nationwide for each region were securedm and with the data of 1,709 persons at 21 schools, and analysis was carried out. Research tools such as Role Orientation Scale, Korean Sex Role Inventory, Career Compromise Inventory, and Korean Career Barrier Inventory were used.
To categorize individuals' orientation toward career roles, a K-means cluster analysis was carried out on the following four factors: masculinity, femininity, career orientation and home orientation, and to examine the differences of career barrier and career compromise recognized for each category drawn out, and ANOVA and a post-hoc comparisons were performed.
The results of the research following this are as follows: First, the clusters drawn out from this study are a total of 6, which were named 'indifferent-tocareer-role type (ICR).' 'acquiring-worker-role type(AWR)>' 'omnipotent-role oriented type (ORD),' 'adapting-to-career-role type (ACR),' 'challenging -social-accomplishment type (CSA)' and 'attaching-importance-torelational-role type(AIR),' The categorized concept of 'career Role Orientation' was defined as 'a plan for career role and tendency toward career behavior formed by the identity of individual's gender role and the degree of values of the roles granted to life.' Second, Korean college sudents recognized anxiety about future and career barrier due to the lack of career career information the highest. It was found that ORO recognized career bariier the lowest while ICR the highest. Third, with the sex-type compromise variable, AIR had the most difficulty compared to other variables while CSA and AWR easily compromised. In contrast, CSA and AWR had the most difficulty in compromising social prestige compromise variable and interst compromise variable while AIR easily compromised. Fourth, interest was the most difficult variable regardless of the category.
Therefore, it was confirmed that Korean college students pay the most attention to interest in deciding their career. ICR, AWR, ORO, ACR and CSA were all compromised in the order of the type of sex-type < social prestige < interest while AIR was confirmed in the order of the type of sex-type = social prestige < interest.
The suggestion the results of this study give to career counseling. First, this study notes the psychological variables of difference among individuals in career decision-making process and categorized them in a way of classification by individual properties. Through this, it has a significance in that it provides a starting point of research that develops a differential diagnosis of client's career role orientation and a career counseling program suitable for each category, and verifies its effect. Secons, this sutdy did a research on undifferentiated grounp in which preceding studies had been less interested. Clients encountered in the course of career couseling, mostly in the undifferentiated group. Thus, classifying them and understanding their characteristics will be a basic data for the diagnose and strategy in career counseling for them in the future. third, by the type of career role orientation, in the practice of career counseling, a counseling strategy suitable for each category can be found: e.g., for ICR with the highest recognition of career barrier, counseling for easing career barrier is effective; for AIR that has difficulty in compromising the sex-type compared to other categories, it is necessary to deal with the part of conflicts in gender role in the course of career decision-making process; for AWR that recognized difficulties most in interpersonal relationship, human relationship training -related counseling program is useful. Korean college students recognized the career barrier related to the lack of job information highly, and had most difficulty in compromising interests. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the parts of the offering of job information and the search of interests in developing and applying counseling programs.
It is suggested that, based on the results of this study, follow-up researches developing and applying differential counseling programs for each category of career role orientation and verifying the effects should be done.