청소년의 낙관성 및 비관성과 심리적 적응의 관계에서 대처의 매개효과 = Testing the Mediating Effect of Coping in the Relation of Optimism and Pessimism to Psychological Adjustment in Adolescents

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purposes of this study were two-fold: (a) to examine the relations of optimism-pessimism, coping, and psychological adjustment; (b) to test the mediating effect of coping in the relation between adolescents' optimism and psychological adjustment(e.g., self-esteem, positive affect), and in the relation between pessimism and psychological maladjustment(e.g., depression, anxiety, negative affect). Paper-pencil questionnaires and self-report tests were administered to 534 high-school students. Data were analyzed by correlational analyses and structural equation modeling(SEM). The results of correlational analyses showed that (a) bivariate relations of optimism, adaptive coping and psychological adjustment were all significant; (b) relations between some pessimism measures and some maladaptive coping measures were significant; (c) relations between pessimism and psychological maladjustment were all significant; (d) except the relation between problem-denial/ignoring coping and anxiety, all the relations between maladaptive coping and psychological maladjustment were significant. The results of SEM demonstrated that adaptive coping partially mediated the relation between optimism and psychological adjustment, and that maladaptive coping partially mediated the relation between pessimism and psychological maladjustment. The Goodman(Ⅰ) tests revealed that the mediating effects of coping both in the relation between optimism and psychological adjustment and in the relation between pessimism and psychological maladjustment were significant. Practical implications of the present findings were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 청소년의 낙관성과 심리적 적응의 관계, 비관성과 심리적 부적응의 관계에서 대처가 매개변수로 작용하는지를 검증하기 위하여 수행되었다. 고등학교 1학년 남녀 학생 534명을 대상으로 삶의 지향성 검사, 청소년 대처 척도, 긍정적-부정적 정서 목록, 자아존중감 척도, Beck 우울 척도, 상태특성불안 검사 YZ형을 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 본 연구의 가설은 상관분석과 AMOS를 활용한 구조방정식모형 분석으로 검증하였다. 낙관성과 심리적 적응의 관계에서 적응적 대처의 매개효과와 비관성과 심리적 부적응의 관계에서 부적응적 대처의 매개효과의 유의도를 Goodman(Ⅰ) test로 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 상관분석의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 낙관성, 적응적 대처, 심리적 적응의 측정변수 간 단순상관이 모두 유의한 정적 관계를 나타냈다. 둘째, 비관성 측정변수들 가운데 일부만이 일부 부적응적 대처 변수와 유의한 상관을 보였다. 그러나 비관성과 심리적 부적응의 모든 측정변수들이 유의한 정적 상관을 보였으며, 문제부인과 불안의 상관을 제외한 모든 부적응적 대처와 심리적 부적응 측정변수 간 정적 상관도 유의하였다. 다음으로 구조방정식모형 분석의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 낙관성→적응적 대처, 낙관성→심리적 적응, 적응적 대처→심리적 적응의 직접 효과가 모두 유의하였다. 둘째, 낙관성과 심리적 적응의 관계에서 적응적 대처의 매개효과가 유의하였고, 부분매개모형이 완전매개모형보다 경험적 자료에 더욱 적합한 모형으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 비관성→부적응적 대처, 비관성→심리적 부적응, 부적응적 대처→심리적 부적응의 직접 효과가 모두 유의하였다. 넷째, 비관성과 심리적 부적응의 관계에서 부적응적 대처의 매개효과가 유의하였고, 완전매개모형에 비하여 부분매개모형이 보다 적합한 모형으로 판명되었다. 마지막으로, 이 연구 결과의 실제적 시사점을 논의하였다.

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