Role of social normative beliefs as a moderating factor in smoking intention among adolescent girls in Korea

Ra, Jin Suk,Cho, Yoon Hee John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2018 NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCES Vol.20 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this study, we investigated the relationship between risk‐taking tendency and smoking intention as moderated by social normative beliefs among Korean female adolescents. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 274 female adolescents in middle school. Multiple regression and simple slope analyses were employed to test the moderating effects of social normative beliefs regarding smoking on the relationship between risk‐taking tendency and smoking intention. Results determined that risk‐taking tendency, social normative beliefs regarding smoking, and their interaction were significant factors influencing smoking intention among adolescents. Risk‐taking tendency was associated with greater smoking intention among adolescents, with higher than average social normative beliefs regarding smoking. However, risk‐taking tendency was not significantly associated with smoking intention for adolescents with lower than average social normative beliefs regarding smoking. In conclusion, social normative beliefs regarding smoking moderated the relationship between risk‐taking intention and smoking intention among Korean female adolescents. Unique sociocultural perceptions about smoking behaviors of adolescents need to be reflected in smoking‐prevention and ‐cessation programs.</P>

Cross‐resistance of <i>Echinochloa</i> species to acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides

Song, Jong‐,Seok,Lim, Soo‐,Hyun,Yook, Min‐,Jung,Kim, Jin‐,Won,Kim, Do‐,Soon John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2017 Weed Biology and Management Vol.17 No.2

<P>This study was conducted to evaluate the cross‐resistance of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors with different chemistries, specifically azimsulfuron (sulfonylurea), penoxsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide) and bispyribac‐sodium (pyrimidinyl thio benzoate), in <I>Echinochloa oryzicola</I> and <I>Echinochloa crus‐galli</I> that had been collected in South Korea and to investigate their herbicide resistance mechanism. Both <I>Echinochloa</I> spp. showed cross‐resistance to the ALS inhibitors belonging to the above three different chemistries. In a whole plant assay with herbicides alone, the resistant/susceptible ratios for azimsulfuron, penoxsulam and bispyribac‐sodium were 12.6, 28.1 and 1.9 in <I>E. oryzicola</I> and 21.1, 13.7 and 1.8 in <I>E. crus‐galli</I>, respectively. An <I>in vitro</I> ALS enzyme assay with herbicides showed that the I<SUB>50</SUB>‐values of the resistant accessions were approximately two‐to‐three times higher than the susceptible accessions, with no statistical difference, suggesting that the difference in ALS sensitivity cannot explain ALS inhibitor resistance in <I>Echinochloa</I> spp. for azimsulfuron, penoxsulam and bispyribac‐sodium. A whole plant assay with fenitrothion showed that the GR<SUB>50</SUB>‐values significantly decreased in both the resistant <I>E. oryzicola</I> and <I>E. crus‐galli</I> accessions when azimsulfuron, penoxsulam and bispyribac‐sodium were applied with the P450 inhibitor, while no significant decrease was observed in the susceptible accessions when the P450 inhibitor was used. Thus, these results suggest that ALS inhibitor cross‐resistance for azimsulfuron, penoxsulam and bispyribac‐sodium is related to enhanced herbicide metabolism.</P>

Usefulness of hemostatic sealants for minimizing ovarian damage during laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriosis

Choi, Chahien,Kim, Woo Young,Lee, Dong Hee,Lee, San Hui John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2018 The Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research Vol.44 No.3

<P>ConclusionHemostatic sealants may be an alternative to bipolar coagulation for preservation of ovarian reserve after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for endometriosis.</P>

Abnormal choroidal flow on optical coherence tomography angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy

Seo, Eoi Jong,Um, Taewoong,Yoon, Young Hee John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2019 Clinical & experimental ophthalmology Vol.47 No.4

<P><B>Importance</B></P><P>Analysing choroidal flow in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with novel device.</P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>To examine the abnormal morphology of choriocapillary flow with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) according to the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) in CSC.</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>A hospital‐based retrospective study.</P><P><B>Participants</B></P><P>We analysed OCTA results of 68 eyes (68 patients) diagnosed as CSC with or without SRF (active and resolved CSC, respectively) at the Asan Medical Center.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We classified OCTA choriocapillary images into three pattern groups: mixed perfusion, hyper‐perfusion and normal perfusion. Data analysis included age, follow‐up duration, treatment modalities, number of treatments, subfoveal choroidal thickness and SRF height.</P><P><B>Main Outcome Measures</B></P><P>The relationship between CSC activity and choriocapillary pattern.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Abnormal choroidal flow (mixed and hyper‐perfusion) was more frequently found in eyes with active CSC (100%) than resolved CSC (47.5%, <I>P</I> < 0.001). In active CSC eyes, mixed perfusion was predominant (71.4%), while hyper‐perfusion was predominant in those with resolved CSC (73.7%). Eyes with recently resolved CSC (SRF absorption present for <2 months) had abnormal choriocapillary flow more often than the remaining eyes with resolved CSC (83.3% vs 32.1%, <I>P</I> = 0.005). Resolved CSC eyes with abnormal choriocapillary flow demonstrated more recurrence than eyes with normal choriocapillary flow (42.1% vs 9.5%, <I>P</I> = 0.017).</P><P><B>Conclusions and Relevance</B></P><P>The pattern of choriocapillary flow abnormalities on OCTA can indicate CSC disease activity. Because eyes with resolved CSC showing abnormal choroidal flow have a high recurrence rate, they should be carefully followed‐up.</P>

Relationship between the activities of daily living, oral health‐related quality of life and dementia

Cho, Min‐,Jeong,Jung, Eun‐,Kyung,Jung, Yun‐,Sook,Shin, Hae‐,Eun,Kim, Eun‐,Kyong,Kim, Hyeon‐,Chang,Choi, Youn‐,Hee,Song, Keun‐,Bae John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2018 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Vol.18 No.6

<P>ConclusionsMost oral problems are not simply the outcome of aging, with oral hygiene management being the most important determining factor. Oral health problems can be prevented, and in order to improve the quality of life of older adults, attention must be paid to oral healthcare. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 943-949.</P>

Baseline characteristics of the autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease sub‐cohort of the KoreaN cohort study for outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Kim, Hyunsuk,Koh, Junga,Park, Sue K,Oh, Kook H,Kim, Yeong H,Kim, Yaeni,Ahn, Curie,Oh, Yun K John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2019 Nephrology Vol.24 No.4

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P><B>Aim</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics of autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in a cohort of Korean patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>From April 2011 to February 2016, patients with CKD stage 1–5 (pre‐dialysis) were enrolled as an ADPKD sub‐cohort of the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Baseline characteristics, the correlation of kidney and liver volume and kidney function and the factors associated with kidney function were analysed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 364 ADPKD patients with a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 68.1 ± 33.3 mL/min per 1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP> (50.5% male with a mean age of 47.0 ± 10.6 years) were enrolled from nine hospitals in Korea. Initially, 55.8% of the patients were asymptomatic, and pain was the most common symptom (12.9%); 87.6 and 77.5% of the patients had hypertension and hepatic cysts, respectively. The height‐adjusted total kidney volumes (htTKV) were higher in male patients than in female patients. In contrast, the height‐adjusted total liver volumes were higher in female patients than in male patients. The decrease rate of eGFR depending on Log(htTKV) was larger in the group aged between 41 and 50 years than the other age groups. Older age, a higher 24‐h urine protein excretion, larger htTKV and hyperuricemia were independently associated with lower eGFR, whereas using febuxostat was independently associated with higher eGFR.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>This sub‐cohort will provide clinical characteristics and outcomes of Korean ADPKD patients, which can be compared with those of other previous cohorts. We have identified factors associated with advanced‐stage CKD in Korean patients with ADPKD.</P><P><B>Summary at a Glance</B></P><P>This paper describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of an underreported cohort of patients, namely, ethnic Koreans with ADPKD. Older age, proteinuria, larger height‐adjusted total kidney volume and hyperuricemia were independently associated with lower eGFR.</P>

Increased beta power in the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster: A paradoxical compensatory phenomenon? A two‐channel electroencephalography study

Jang, Kuk‐,In,Shim, Miseon,Lee, Sang Min,Huh, Hyu Jung,Huh, Seung,Joo, Ji‐,Young,Lee, Seung‐,Hwan,Chae, Jeong‐,Ho John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2017 PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES Vol.71 No.11

<P>Conclusion: This study suggests that increased beta power, reflecting the psychopathology in the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster, may be a compensatory mechanism that follows complex trauma. Frontal beta power could be a potential marker indicating the severity of sleep disturbances. Our results suggest that sleep disturbance is an important symptom in family members of the Sewol ferry disaster's victims, which may be screened by EEG beta power.</P>

Nishinoshima volcano in the Ogasawara Arc: New continent from the ocean?

Tamura, Yoshihiko,Ishizuka, Osamu,Sato, Tomoki,Nichols, Alexander R. L. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2019 The island arc Vol.28 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Nishinoshima, a submarine volcano in the Ogasawara Arc, approximately 1 000 km south of Tokyo, Japan, suddenly erupted in November 2013, after 40 years of dormancy. Olivine‐bearing phenocryst‐poor andesites found in older submarine lavas from the flanks of the volcano have been used to develop a model for the genesis of andesitic lavas from Nishinoshima. In this model, primary andesite magmas originate directly from the mantle as a result of shallow and hydrous melting of plagioclase peridotites. Thus, it only operates beneath Nishinoshima and submarine volcanoes in the Ogasawara Arc and other oceanic arcs, where the crust is thin. The primary magma compositions have changed from basalt, produced at considerable depth, to andesite, produced beneath the existing thinner crust at this location in the arc. This reflects the thermal and mechanical evolution of the mantle wedge and the overlying lithosphere. It is suggested that continental crust‐like andesitic magma builds up beneath submarine volcanoes on thin arc lithosphere today, and has built up beneath such volcanoes in the past. Andesites produced by this shallow and hydrous melting of the mantle could accumulate through collisions of plates to generate continental crust.</P>

Effect of noise and reverberation on speech recognition and listening effort for older adults

Kwak, Chanbeom,Han, Woojae,Lee, Jihyeon,Kim, Jinsook,Kim, Sungkyun John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2018 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Vol.18 No.12

<P><B>Aim</B></P><P>The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the speech recognition ability and degree of listening effort for older adults in noisy and reverberating environments.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 80 participants (40 older and 40 younger adults) participated in a sentence recognition test under 20 conditions with four levels of background noise and five levels of reverberation time. In each condition, the degree of listening effort was self‐reported using a 5‐point Likert scale.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The older and younger groups showed that both the error percentage of the sentence recognition task and scale of the listening effort increased as the background noise and reverberation time increased. In the sentence recognition task, the older group was more affected by the reverberation condition than the noisy background compared with their younger counterparts. For the listening effort, the older group had higher scales than the younger group in all conditions, thereby explaining that they required significant effort during the listening task.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The older adults had poorer speech perception ability and required more listening effort than their younger counterparts in all conditions. Reverberation reversely significantly affected the speech recognition and listening effort for the older adults when compared with the background noise, suggesting that an appropriate level of noise and reverberation should be considered for comfort and a less stressful listening environment for the older adult population. <B>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1603–1608</B>.</P>

The first report of the potentially harmful diatom <i>Pseudo‐nitzschia caciantha</i> from Australian coastal waters

Ajani, Penelope,Kim, Jin H.,Han, Myung Soo,Murray, Shauna A. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2016 Phycological research Vol.64 No.4

<P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P>The diatom <I>Pseudo‐nitzschia</I> is a significant component of coastal waters worldwide and a producer of the potent neurotoxin, domoic acid. Sixteen species belonging to this genus have been reported from Australian waters, but the potentially toxic species <I>P. caciantha</I> has not been previously known from this region. Two clonal strains of <I>P. caciantha</I> were isolated from Coogee Beach, south‐east Australia, and the morphological, molecular and toxicological evidence for this species delineation were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy, phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer and domoic acid production as measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results unambiguously confirmed that these isolates are the potentially toxic species <I>P. caciantha</I>, being only the second report of this species in the Southern Hemisphere. The potential for further hidden <I>Pseudo‐nitzschia</I> diversity in these waters is considerable.</P>