A Fast Estimation Method of Soil Discharged by an Earth Pressure Balanced Shield Machine

Zhu Wen,Xuening Rong,Zhen Wang,Songtong Han,Ziming Xiong,Yehui Shi 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.6

The soil discharged by an earth pressure balanced (EPB) shield machine reflects ground loss and controls surface settlement. In engineering, the discharge was mainly estimated by weighing the tunnelling spoil, however, human disturbance and information lag bring serious hidden security risks to tunnel construction. Through the analysis of conveying flow and force of screw conveyor, an energy model of interaction between screw conveyor and soil discharged was proposed and verified experimentally. Then, the energy model was combined with the discharge equation and the force balance equation, and a semi-analytical method to fast estimate the soil discharged of the EPB shield machine was proposed. Taking an EPB shield construction project as an example, according to the data of earth pressure, the torque and the rotation of the screw conveyor recorded by EPB shield machine, the real-time soil discharged of EPB shield machine can be accurately estimated. The mean absolute error (MAE) of this method is 3.177 × 103 kg compared with the measured weight of tunnelling spoil, which verifies the rationality of the method and provides a method for further effective evaluation and control of ground loss.

Preparation of AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/Diatomite Composite by Microemulsion Method for Rapid Photo-Degradation of Rhodamine B with Stability under Visible Light

Zhu, Hai-Tao,Ren, Qi-Fang,Jin, Zhen,Ding, Yi,Liu, Xin-Yu,Ni, Xi-Hui,Han, Meng-Li,Ma, Shi-Yu,Ye, Qing,Oh, Won-Chun Materials Research Society of Korea 2020 한국재료학회지 Vol.30 No.8

In this paper, AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite photocatalyst is successfully synthesized by microemulsion method and anion in situ substitution method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) are used to study the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite composite. Using rhodamine B (RhB) as a simulated pollutant, the photocatalytic activity and stability of the AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite composite under visible light are evaluated. In the AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite visible light system, RhB is nearly 100 % degraded within 15 minutes. And, after five cycles of operation, the photocatalytic activity of AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite remains at 95 % of the original level, much higher than that of pure Ag₃PO₄ (40 %). In addition, the mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is discussed. The high photocatalytic performance of AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite composites can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag₃PO₄, diatomite and AgCl nanoparticles. Free radical trapping experiments are used to show that holes and oxygen are the main active species. This material can quickly react with dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of diatomite to degrade RhB dye to CO₂ and H₂O. Even more remarkably, AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite can maintain above 95 % photo-degradation activity after five cycles.

A Study on Pedestrian Re-identification Based on Deep Learning

Zhen-Ju Zhu(주쩐주),Hyun Jin Cho(조현진),Yu Han Lee(이유한),Young Hoon Joo(주영훈) 대한전기학회 2018 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

Estrogen weakens muscle endurance via estrogen receptor-p38 MAPK-mediated orosomucoid (ORM) suppression

Yang Sun,Zhen Qin,Jing-jing Wan,Peng-yuan Wang,Yi-Li Yang,Jian-Guang Yu,Bo-Han Hu,Ding-Feng Su,Zhu-Min Luo,Xia Liu 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Gender differences in fatigue manifest as females being more prone to feel exhaustion and having lower muscle endurance. However, the mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. We investigated whether orosomucoid, an endogenous anti-fatigue protein that enhances muscle endurance, is involved in this regulation. Female rats exhibited lower muscle endurance, and this gender difference disappeared in orosomucoid-1-deficient mice. Female rats also exhibited weaker orosomucoid induction in serum, liver and muscle in response to fatigue compared with male rats. Ovariectomy elevated orosomucoid levels and increased swimming time, and estrogen replenishment reversed these effects. Exogenous estrogen treatment in male and female mice produced opposite effects. Estrogen decreased orosomucoid expression and its promoter activity in C2C12 muscle and Chang liver cells in vitro, and estrogen receptor or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase blockade abolished this effect. Therefore, estrogen negatively regulates orosomucoid expression that is responsible for the weaker muscle endurance in females.

Comparative Study on the Environmental Impact Assessment between the Republic of Korea and China - in case of golf courses -

( Jaeyong Choi ),( Young Han Kwon ),( Ick Cheol Jeong ),( Zhe Zhen Nan ),( Wei-hong Zhu ),( Ying Nan ),( Chunjing Li ) 한국환경연구원 2003 수시연구보고서 Vol.2003 No.-

1960년대부터 개발행위와 그에 따른 환경적 결과와의 관계가 주목을 받기 시작했고, 선진국에서는 이미 그러한 관계에 있어 의사결정단계에서 환경적요소가 고려될 수 있도록 제도적으로 보완이 되어왔다. 현재 한국과 중국에서는 비슷한 상황이 진행 중에 있는 시점에서 동 보고서는 환경영향평가의 비교연구를 통하여 양 국가의 환경보호에 관한 정책에 관한 이해증진에 목적이 있다. 동 보고서는 크게 두 부분으로 나뉘어 있다. 첫 번째 부분에서는 양국의 환경영향평가제도의 비교를 다루었는데, 양국의 환경영향평가는 1980년대부터 시작하였으나 본격적으로 시행된 것은 1990년대라 할 수 있다. 특히 한국은 1993년 환경영향평가법이 1993년 발효되고, 1999년 12월 통합영향평가법이 제정되었다. 중국의 경우 환경보전법에 의해 시행되어온 환경영향평가가 독립 법으로 2002년 제정되어 2003년 9월 발효되었다. 현재의 환경영향평가는 중국에서는 스크리닝을 통하여 대상사업이 환경에 미치는 영향 정도에 따라 환경영향평가서, 환경영향평가보고표, 환경보호관리등기표 등 3가지 분류에 따라 작성하도록 규정된 반면 한국에서는 17분야 64개 대상사업이 환경영향대상사업으로 규정되어있다. 또한 한국과는 다르게 중국에서는 환경영향평가 검토의견이 환경영향평가서에 반영되어 작성토록 되어있다. 주민공청회제도가 한국에서는 오랫동안 시행되어온 반면 중국에서는 새로운 법에서 주민의 참여가 처음으로 규정화 되었다. 마지막으로 중국에서는 각 성(省)에서 현재 자율적으로 환경영향평가 세부규정을 작성하고 있다. 두 번째 부분에서는 한· 중골프장에 대한 환경영향평가를 비교하였다. 양국의 평가서는 정부의 허가를 득한 대행업체가 작성하였다. 평가서의 검토과정은 비슷하였으나 운영면에서 약간 차이가 있었다. 한국의 경우 평가서 초안, 본안, 1, 2, 3차 보완서가 협의를 위해 작성되었으나 중국은 대강(大綱)과 평가서가 비준을 위해 작성되었다. 평가서 준비기간과 협의과정은 한국이 중국 보다 길었다. 골프장의 환경적 입지는 양국이 기후를 제외하고 비슷하였다. 한국의 평가서는 목록이 단순하나 여러 항목을 취급하고, 실제 상황을 반영하여 작성되기 보다 체계적이고 형식적인 면이 많았다. 반면 중국의 평가서는 한국과 정 반대였다. 중점평가항목은 한국이 8개 항목이었으며 중국은 3개항목이었다. 현황조사는 한국이 비교적 상세하고 구체적이었다. 생태계 평가를 위해 중국은 경관생태학적 기법을 적용하였으나 한국은 사용하지 않고 있다. 저감대책의 경우 한국은 공정에서 발생하는 영향을 반영하기 보다 정형화된 형식적인 포맷인데 비해 중국은 현실을 반영하여 영향을 예측하나 기술적인 방법들이 이론적이거나 저감대책으로 구체적이지 못한 경향이 있었다. 운영시 발생할 수 있는 문제가 한국에서는 수질, 생태계 훼손 등에서 발생할 수 있으며, 중국의 경우 도로사면의 훼손, 경관, 수질, 수문, 수생태계 등에서 발생할 가능성이 있었다. 주민의견의 수렴을 위해 한국은 초안에서 주민공청회와 설명회를 실시하였으며, 중국의 경우는 주민들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 동 보고서에서는 연구결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 환경영향평가에 관한 정책제언을 제시한다. 첫째, 환경영향평가는 의사결정을 위한 조언과정이지 의사결정단계가 아니라는 사회 인식증진의 노력이 필요하다. 둘째, 평가대상사업 결정의 유연성을 갖기 위해 한국에서는 스크리닝제도의 도입이 필요하다. 셋째, 환경에 대한 미래예측의 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 현재의 환경파악을 위한 환경정보시스템을 갖추어야 한다. 넷째, 국가자원의 효율성을 높이기 위하여 통합영향평가시스템의 실재적 운영이 필요하다. 마지막으로, 환경문제의 효율적인 해결을 위해 새로운 주민참여방식 필요하다. Since the 1960s, a growing` environmental awareness has increasingly focused attention on the interactions between development activities and their environmental consequences. In the developed countries this has led the environmental factors be explicitly considered in the decision-making processes. A similar situation is now occurring in Korea and China. In this regard, this study aims at contributing to a better knowledge of environmental conservation policies in both countries through the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) systems. This report is divided into twinfolds of EIA systems and case studies in Korea and China. The first part of the report reveals that although the EIA systems in both countries were initiated in 1980s, the actual supporting policies and actions began in the early 1990s. In Korea, the EIA Act was enacted in 1993, and this has been replaced by the Integrated Impact Assessment Act in December 1999. The independent law of EIA has been adopted in 2002 and enacted in September 2003 in China. Based on the current EIA regulations, while activities requiring EIA consists of 62 project types in 17 fields in Korea, China utilize the screening methods to decide the activities subject to the three EIA categories of Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), Environmental Impact Report Form, and Environmental Impact Registration Form. The EIA investigations are incorporated in an EIS, reversing Korean procedures in ter`minology. The newly adopted Chinese EIA Act includes the public participation as one of the processes while public hearing has long been a compulsory in the Korean EIA process. Finally, the detailed regulation of the EIA in China is prepared at the prefecture level to incorporate the local environment appropriately. At the second part of this report, case study on the EIA of golf course development comparison between Korea and China based largely on their EIS was carried out. The EIS of both countries were prepared by agencies who were certified by both governments. Review or inspection process of the EIS was similar, but operation was slightly different from each other. The draft, EIS, and 3 supplements were prepared and reviewed for approval of the EIA in Korea, whereas only the draft and EIS were prepared and inspected for ratification in China. The duration for EIS preparation and for approval processes in Korea are usually longer than in China. Natural environment of both sites was similar, except for the weather conditions. The EIS of Korea has a simple list, but treats various items, and try to focus on systematic and formal contents instead of reflection on the real situations. The EIS of China is opposite to that of Korea in terms of important assessment items selection. Korea had 8 items for the EIS, whereas 3 items for the China. Scope, season, and number of investigation on the item(especially ecosystem) are more detailed in the EIS of Korea, whereas they are comparatively not so specific in the EIS of China. An advanced assessment technique for ecosystem of the projected area, such as a landscape ecological method was applied in the Chinese EIA, but not in Korean EIA. The section of impact evaluation and mitigation methods in Korean EIS was written more likely by a fixed, superficial format rather than by specific reflection of environmental impacts generated by work processes. The techniques or methods of mitigation of Chinese EIS were theoretical and was not really specific to minimize the impacts. After the golf course development, problems might be raised in water quality, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystem, causing habitat alterations in Korea. In contrast, China is more concerned with damage of slope caused by road construction, scenery effect of building, water quality, hydrology, freshwater ecosystem. The method of public participation is different. Exhibition of the draft to public and an explanatory meeting are used in Korea to collect public opinions. Investigation of a questionnaire on the local residence is used to collect public opinions in China. The following policy recommendations were suggested based on the findings from this study: firstly, enhance the social awareness that EIA is a consultation process, not a final decision-making step; secondly, the screening system should be introduced in Korea for giving the flexibility of the EIA system; thirdly, to predict the future environmental situation more correctly, both Korea and China need an accumulated database; fourthly, practical integration of various impact assessment systems is needed for increasing the efficiency of national resource uses; and lastly, innovative and deliberative method of public participation approach should be adopted to solve the environmental problems efficiently.

Three new diphenylpropanes from Celastrus hindsii

Xian Qing Hu,Wei Han,Zhu Zhen Han,Qing Xin Liu,Xi-Ke Xu,Peng Fu,Hui-Liang Li 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.11

Three new diphenylpropanes, HindsiipropaneA–C (1–3), together with one known arylpropyl quinoneGriffithane D (4), were isolated from Celastrus hindsii. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D nuclearmagnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, and massspectroscopy. Compound 4 was firstly obtained in thisgenus. All the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitrofor cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A549,HCT116, MDA-MB-231, BEL7404) by the MTT assay.