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Eclecticism as A City Tourism Strategy Hakan Sezerel
Burak Dü,z 세계문화관광학회 2016 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.9 No.1
Extant literature is inconclusive on city tourism with destinations which lack attractions in terms of historical, cultural, and natural heritage having distinctive development processes. Reviewing the literature, research on eclecticism as a tourism strategy is rather limited. This study attempts to depict a unique tourism development of Eskisehir Province. For this purpose, activities in culture based tours in Eskisehir were examined. The data were collected using semi-structured face to face interviews with five tour guides. The results suggest that relying on imitation and out of context tourism investments attract people to visit a certain destination with a good marketing effort, and melting pot of several touristic images. The study contributes to the tourism literature by presenting an eclectic tourism perspective in developing destinations which are understudied.
Atmospheric brown clouds reach the Tibetan Plateau by crossing the Himalayas
Lü,thi, Z. L.,Š,kerlak, B.,Kim, S.-W.,Lauer, A.,Mues, A.,Rupakheti, M.,Kang, S. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.15 No.11
<P>Abstract. The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau region (HTP), despite being a remote and sparsely populated area, is regularly exposed to polluted air masses with significant amounts of aerosols including black carbon. These dark, light-absorbing particles are known to exert a great melting potential on mountain cryospheric reservoirs through albedo reduction and radiative forcing. This study combines ground-based and satellite remote sensing data to identify a severe aerosol pollution episode observed simultaneously in central Tibet and on the southern side of the Himalayas during 13-19 March 2009 (pre-monsoon). Trajectory calculations based on the high-resolution numerical weather prediction model COSMO are used to locate the source regions and study the mechanisms of pollution transport in the complex topography of the HTP. We detail how polluted air masses from an atmospheric brown cloud (ABC) over South Asia reach the Tibetan Plateau within a few days. Lifting and advection of polluted air masses over the great mountain range is enabled by a combination of synoptic-scale and local meteorological processes. During the days prior to the event, winds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) are generally weak at lower levels, allowing for accumulation of pollutants and thus the formation of ABCs. The subsequent passing of synoptic-scale troughs leads to southwesterly flow in the middle troposphere over northern and central India, carrying the polluted air masses across the Himalayas. As the IGP is known to be a hotspot of ABCs, the cross-Himalayan transport of polluted air masses may have serious implications for the cryosphere in the HTP and impact climate on regional to global scales. Since the current study focuses on one particularly strong pollution episode, quantifying the frequency and magnitude of similar events in a climatological study is required to assess the total impact. </P>
Whale, Alexandra S.,Jones, Gerwyn M.,Pavš,ič,, Jernej,Dreo, Tanja,Redshaw, Nicholas,Akyü,rek, Sema,Akgö,z, Mü,slü,m,Divieto, Carla,Sassi, Maria Paola,He, Hua-Jun,Cole, Kennet American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc. 2018 Clinical chemistry Vol.64 No.9
<P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>Genetic testing of tumor tissue and circulating cell-free DNA for somatic variants guides patient treatment of many cancers. Such measurements will be fundamental in the future support of precision medicine. However, there are currently no primary reference measurement procedures available for nucleic acid quantification that would support translation of tests for circulating tumor DNA into routine use.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P>We assessed the accuracy of digital PCR (dPCR) for copy number quantification of a frequently occurring single-nucleotide variant in colorectal cancer (<I>KRAS</I> c.35G>A, p.Gly12Asp, from hereon termed G12D) by evaluating potential sources of uncertainty that influence dPCR measurement.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>Concentration values for samples of <I>KRAS</I> G12D and wild-type plasmid templates varied by <1.2-fold when measured using 5 different assays with varying detection chemistry (hydrolysis, scorpion probes, and intercalating dyes) and <1.3-fold with 4 commercial dPCR platforms. Measurement trueness of a selected dPCR assay and platform was validated by comparison with an orthogonal method (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The candidate dPCR reference measurement procedure showed linear quantification over a wide range of copies per reaction and high repeatability and interlaboratory reproducibility (CV, 2%–8% and 5%–10%, respectively).</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>This work validates dPCR as an SI-traceable reference measurement procedure based on enumeration and demonstrates how it can be applied for assignment of copy number concentration and fractional abundance values to DNA reference materials in an aqueous solution. High-accuracy measurements using dPCR will support the implementation and traceable standardization of molecular diagnostic procedures needed for advancements in precision medicine.</P>
Superiority of heterodyning over homodyning: An assessment with quadrature moments
Teo, Y. S.,Mü,ller, C. R.,Jeong, H.,Hradil, Z.,Ř,ehá,č,ek, J.,Sá,nchez-Soto, L. L. American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. A Vol.95 No.4
<P>We examine the moment-reconstruction performance of both the homodyne and heterodyne (doublehomodyne) measurement schemes for arbitrary quantum states and introduce moment estimators that optimize the respective schemes for any given data. In the large-data limit, these estimators are as efficient as the maximum-likelihood estimators. We then illustrate the superiority of the heterodyne measurement for the reconstruction of the first and second moments by analyzing Gaussian states and many other significant nonclassical states. Finally, we present an extension of our theories to two-mode sources, which can be straightforwardly generalized to all other multimode sources.</P>
Shahram Minaei,Sait Türköz 한국전자통신연구원 2004 ETRI Journal Vol.26 No.4
In this paper we present a new current-mode electronically tunable universal filter using only plus-type current controlled conveyors (CCCII+s) and grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can simultaneously realize lowpass, bandpass, and highpass filter functions— all at high impedance outputs. The realization of a notch response does not require additional active elements. The circuit enjoys an independent current control of parameters ωo and ωo / Q. No element matching conditions are imposed. Both its active and passive sensitivities are low.
Xu, Y.,Lee, J.,Lü,, Z. R.,μ, H.,Zhang, Q.,Park, Y. D. Humana Press 2016 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol. No.
<P>Understanding the mechanism of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) folding is important because this enzyme is directly involved in several types of cancers and other diseases. We investigated the urea-mediated unfolding of ALDH1 by integrating kinetic inhibition studies with computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Conformational changes in the enzyme structure were also analyzed using intrinsic and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS)-binding fluorescence measurements. Kinetic studies revealed that the direct binding of urea to ALDH1 induces inactivation of ALDH1 in a manner of mixed-type inhibition. Tertiary structural changes associated with regional hydrophobic exposure of the active site were observed. The urea binding regions on ALDH1 were predicted by docking simulations and were partly shared with active site residues of ALDH1 and with interface residues of the oligomerization domain for tetramer formation. The docking results suggest that urea prevents formation of the ALDH1 normal shape for the tetramer state as well as entrance of the substrate into the active site. Our study provides insight into the structural changes that accompany urea-mediated unfolding of ALDH1 and the catalytic role associated with conformational changes.</P>
Ko, Y.D.,Yang, H.N.,Zü,ttel, Andreas,Kim, S.D.,Kim, W.J. Elsevier 2017 Journal of Power Sources Vol.367 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Pt-supported hollow structured Pt-HZrO<SUB>2</SUB> with the shell thickness of 27 nm is successfully synthesized. The water retention ability of Pt-HZrO<SUB>2</SUB> is significantly enhanced compared with that of SiO<SUB>2</SUB>@ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> due to the hydrophilic hollow structured HZrO<SUB>2</SUB>with high BET surface area. Pt-C and Pt-HZrO<SUB>2</SUB> are combined with different weight fractions to prepare the double catalyst electrode (DCE). The membrane electrode assembly with the DCE is fabricated and applied to both anode and cathode or anode side only. The water flooding and thus rapid voltage drop is affected by the presence/or absence of the DCE at the cathode side. The cell test and visual experiment suggests that the Pt-HZrO<SUB>2</SUB> layer adsorb the water molecules generated by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), preventing the water flooding. The power generation under RH 0% strongly suggests the back-diffusion of water molecules generated by the ORR. The flow rate to the cathode significantly affects the water flooding and cell performance. Higher flow rate to the cathode is advantageous to expel the water generated by the ORR, thus preventing water flooding and enhancing the cell performance. Therefore, the weight fraction of Pt-C to Pt-HZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and the flow rate to the cathode should be well balanced.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hollow shell structured Pt-HZrO<SUB>2</SUB> is combined with Pt-C for self-humidifying PEMFC. </LI> <LI> The water retention ability is highly enhanced compared with that of SiO<SUB>2</SUB>@ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Pt-HZrO<SUB>2</SUB> layer at cathode side is essential for the prevention of water flooding. </LI> <LI> Flow rate to the cathode is critical in the aspect of preventing water flooding. </LI> <LI> Pt/C to Pt-HZrO<SUB>2</SUB> ratio and the flow rate to the cathode should be well balanced. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>