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Kang, H-S,Kim, Y-H,Lee, C-S,Lee, J-J,Choi, I.,Pyun, K-H 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1997 藥學論文集 Vol.13 No.-
DEREGULATION of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression caused the synthesis and release of many inflammatory mediators. It is involved in chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and malignancy. Stephania tetrandra S. Moore is a Chinese medicinal herb which has been used traditionally as a remedy for neuralgia and arthritis in China. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of S. tetrandra S. Moore in vitro and in vivo, its effects on the production of Il-6 and inflammatory mediators were analysed. When human monocytes/macrophages stimulated with silica were treated with 0.1-10 ㎍/㎖ S. tetranda S. Moore, the production of IL-6 was inhibited up to 50%. At these concentrations, it had no cytotoxicity effect on these cells. It also suppressed the production of Il-6 by alveolar macrophages stimulated with silica. In addition, it inhibited the release of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide from human monocytes/macrophages. To assess the anti-fibrosis efects of S. tetrandra S. Moore, its effects on in vivo experimental inflammatory models were evaluated. In the experimental silicosis model, IL-6 activities in the sera and in the culture supernatants of pulmonary fibroblasts were also inhibited by it. In vitro and in vivo treatment of S. tetrandra S. Moore reduced collagen production by rat lung fibroblasts and lung tissue. Also, S. tetrandra S. Moore reduced the levels of serum GOT and GPT in the rat cirrhosis model induced by CCl_4, and it was effective in reducing hepatic fibrosis and nodular formation. Taken together, these data indicate that it has a potent antiinflammatory and anti-fibrosis effect by reducing IL-6 production.
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LIM, E.-S.,RHEE, Y.-H.,PARK, M.-K.,SHIM, B.-S.,AHN, K.-S.,KANG, H.,YOO, H.-S.,KIM, S.-H. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2007 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1095 No.1
<P>Shikonin has been reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. 6-(1-propoxyiminoalkyl)-5,8-dimethoxyoxy 1,4-naphtoquinone S-64 (DMNQ S-64) was synthesized as a shikonin derivative. In this article, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of DMNQ S-64 was examined. DMNQ S-64 exerted cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma cells with IC(50) of 27.3 microM. Apoptotic bodies were observed in DMNQ S-64-treated A549 cells by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assay. DMNQ S-64 also increased sub-G1 DNA portion in a concentration-dependent manner by flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting has revealed that DMNQ S-64 effectively activates the expression of caspase 8, 9, and 3, cleaves poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, cytochrome c was released in a concentration-dependent manner by DMNQ S-64. Similarly, DMNQ S-64 significantly increased caspase 3 activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It also significantly inhibited the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) by ELISA and downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, DMNQ S-64 may exhibit cytotoxicity against A549 cells via caspase activation and COX-2 inhibition.</P>
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Lee, H.,Kang, W. S.,Ahn, M. I.,Cho, K.,Lee, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 International journal of biometeorology Vol.60 No.1
<P>Climate change could shift the phenology of insects and plants and alter their linkage in space and time. We examined the synchrony of rice and its insect pest, Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister), under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario by comparing the mean spring immigration time of overwintered S. lurida with the mean rice transplanting times in Korea. The immigration time of S. lurida was estimated using an overwintered adult flight model. The rice transplanting time of three cultivars (early, medium, and medium-late maturing) was estimated by forecasting the optimal cultivation period using leaf appearance and final leaf number models. A temperature increase significantly advanced the 99 % immigration time of S. lurida from Julian day 192.1 in the 2000s to 178.4 in the 2050s and 163.1 in the 2090s. In contrast, rice transplanting time was significantly delayed in the early-maturing cultivar from day 141.2 in the 2000s to 166.7 in the 2050s and 190.6 in the 2090s, in the medium-maturing cultivar from day 130.6 in the 2000s to 156.6 in the 2050s and 184.7 in the 2090s, and in the medium-late maturing cultivar from day 128.5 in 2000s to 152.9 in the 2050s and 182.3 in the 2090s. These simulation results predict a significant future phenological asynchrony between S. lurida and rice in Korea.</P>
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Lim, I.,Lee, D.Y.,Patil, S.A.,Shrestha, N.K.,Kang, S.H.,Nah, Y.C.,Lee, W.,Han, S.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.148 No.3
The compact (c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) and the porous (p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) with particle decorated films of coppers-ulfidearesynthesized using a chemical bath deposition technique, and the films are characterized using electrochemical techniques. In addition, the chemically deposited Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are investigated as a counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells (QSSCs). The available redox active reaction sites of the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film are found to be 57.9% higher than those available in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the effective diffusion coefficients of the polysulfide electrolyte in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S and p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are estimated to be 3.67 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> and 6.35 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. These results can be ascribed to the improvement in the available redox active reaction sites and the electrocatalytic activity of the Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S counter electrode. As compared to the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film, the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film as a counter electrode exhibits an enhanced photovoltaic performance of the QSSCs with the power conversion efficiency of 3.17%, short-circuit current of 11.89 mA c<SUP>-</SUP>m<SUP>2</SUP>, open-circuit voltage of 0.50 V, and fill factor of 53.29. The improved performance of the QSSCs is ascribed to the improvements on the available redox active reaction sites, electrocatalytic activity and the diffusion coefficients, which are directly related to the surface morphology of the sulfide films.
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Park, Y.K.,Nho, S.W.,Shin, G.W.,Park, S.B.,Jang, H.B.,Cha, I.S.,Ha, M.A.,Kim, Y.R.,Dalvi, R.S.,Kang, B.J.,Jung, T.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2009 Veterinary microbiology Vol.136 No.1
The rates of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance were investigated in Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis isolates obtained from diseased olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) collected from fish farms in Jeju Island, Korea. Isolates of S. iniae (n=65) were susceptible to cefotaxime, erythromycin, ofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin, as demonstrated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Isolates of S. parauberis (n=86) were highly resistant to erythromycin (58% of the 86 isolates tested) and tetracycline (63% of the 86 isolates tested). Fifty-four isolates of tetracycline-resistant S. parauberis contained the tet(M/O/S) genes, of which 39 and 12 isolates contained the tet(M) and tet(S) genes, respectively, whereas 3 isolates contained both the tet(M) and tet(S) genes. Among the erythromycin-resistant isolates of S. parauberis (n=50) only 14 contained the erm(B) gene. These results suggest that the tet(S) and erm(B) genes of S. parauberis are involved in the acquisition of high-level resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline. Our findings reveal a high rate of antibiotic resistance among strains of S. parauberis and emphasize the need to develop an appropriate vaccine to reduce the use of antibiotics.
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Piao, D.C.,Lee, Y.S.,Bok, J.D.,Cho, C.S.,Hong, Z.S.,Kang, S.K.,Choi, Y.J. Academic Press 2016 Protein expression and purification Vol.126 No.-
The emergence of highly pathogenic variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strains, from 2013 to 2014, in North American and Asian countries have greatly threatened global swine industry. Therefore, development of effective vaccines against PEDV variant strains is urgently needed. Recently, it has been reported that the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S1 domain of PEDV spike protein is responsible for binding to the 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a possible sugar co-receptor. Therefore, the NTD of S1 domain could be an attractive target for the development of subunit vaccines. In this study, the NTD spanning amino acid residues 25-229 (S25-229) of S1 domain of PEDV variant strain was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in the form of inclusion bodies (IBs). S25-229 IBs were solubilized in 20 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.5) buffer containing 8 M urea and 1 mM dithiothreitol with 95% yield. Solubilized S25-229 IBs were refolded by 10-fold flash dilution and purified by one-step cation exchange chromatography with >95% purity and 20% yield. The CD spectrum of S25-229 showed the characteristic pattern of alpha helical structure. In an indirect ELISA, purified S25-229 showed strong reactivity with mouse anti-PEDV sera. In addition, immunization of mice with 20 μg of purified S25-229 elicited highly potent serum IgG titers. Finally, mouse antisera against S25-229 showed immune reactivity with native PEDV S protein in an immunofluorescence assay. These results suggest that purified S25-229 may have potential to be used as a subunit vaccine against PEDV variant strains.
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Kang, S.,Hwang, H.,Kang, S.,Park, Y.,Kim, H.,Ro, C.U. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2009 Atmospheric environment Vol.43 No.22
A quantitative single-particle analytical technique, called low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, combined with the utilization of their morphological information on individual particles, was applied to characterize six aerosol samples collected in one Korean city, Incheon, during March 9-15, 2006. The collected supermicron aerosol particles were classified based on their chemical species and morphology on a single-particle basis. Many different particle types were identified and their emission source, transport, and reactivity in the air were elucidated. In the samples, particles in the ''soil-derived particles'' group were the most abundant, followed by ''reacted sea-salts'', ''reacted CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>-containing particles'', ''genuine sea-salts'', ''reacted sea-salts + others'', ''Fe-containing particles'', ''anthropogenic organics'', (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>, ''K-containing particles'', and ''fly ash''. The application of this single-particle analysis, fully utilizing their chemical compositional and morphological data of individual particles, clearly revealed the different characteristics of the six aerosol samples. For samples S3 and S5, which were sampled during two Asian dust storm events, almost all particles were of soil origin that had not experienced chemical modification and that did not entrain sea-salts during their long-range transport. For sample S1, collected at an episodic period of high PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration and haze, anthropogenic, secondary, and soil-derived particles emitted from local sources were predominant. For samples S2, S4, and S6, which were collected on average spring days with respect to their PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations, marine originated particles were the most abundant. Sample S2 seems to have been strongly influenced by emissions from the Yellow Sea and Korean peninsula, sample S4 had the minimum anthropogenic influence among the four samples collected in the absence of any Asian dust storm event, and sample S6 seems to have entrained air pollutants that had been transported from mainland China over the Yellow Sea to Korea.
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Han, S Y,Kang, B K,Kang, B J,Shin, S P,Soen, B H,Kim, J M,Kim, J H,Choresca Jr, C H,Han, J E,Jun, J W,Park, S C Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of fish diseases Vol.34 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The prevalence of two serotypes of <I>Streptococcus parauberis</I> isolated from the olive flounder, <I>Paralichthys olivaceus</I>, was evaluated in a total of 29 isolates between 2003 and 2010 in Korea. <I>Streptococcus parauberis</I> isolates were divided into two serologically distinct types (serotype 1 and serotype 2), except for one strain (S1091), using an agglutination assay with rabbit antiserum, and serotype 1 was identified as the dominant type (24 of 29 isolates) in this study. To identify the characteristics of the two serotypes of <I>S.?parauberis</I>, we conducted a biochemical test using the API 20 Strep kit, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay, sequence analysis of 16S‐23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) and a pathogenicity test. In TEM, both serotypes possessed polysaccharide capsule layers around the cell surface when bacterial cells were treated with a homologous serotype of rabbit antiserum. However, we were unable to discriminate serotype‐specific biochemical characteristics and genetic characteristics of 16S‐23S rRNA ISR between the two serotypes. In the pathogenicity test, the serotype 1 strains induced significantly higher mortality than the serotype 2 strains in olive flounder when experimentally inoculated via the intraperitoneal route.</P>
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