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Lee, Hoonsoo,Kim, Moon S.,Song, Yux2010,Rim,Oh, Changx2010,Sik,Lim, Hyounx2010,Sub,Lee, Wangx2010,Hee,Kang, Jumx2010,Soon,Cho, Byoungx2010,Kwan John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2017 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.97 No.4
<P>BACKGROUND: There is a need to minimize economic damage by sorting infected seeds from healthy seeds before seeding. However, current methods of detecting infected seeds, such as seedling grow-out, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the real-time PCR have a critical drawbacks in that they are time-consuming, labor-intensive and destructive procedures. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) hyperspectral imaging system for detecting bacteria-infected watermelon seeds. RESULTS: A hyperspectral Vis/NIR reflectance imaging system (spectral region of 400-1000 nm) was constructed to obtain hyperspectral reflectance images for 336 bacteria-infected watermelon seeds, which were then subjected to partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and a least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) to classify bacteria-infected watermelon seeds from healthy watermelon seeds. The developed system detected bacteria-infected watermelon seeds with an accuracy > 90% (PLS-DA: 91.7%, LS-SVM: 90.5%), suggesting that the Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging system is effective for quarantining bacteria-infected watermelon seeds. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that it is possible to use the Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging system for detecting bacteria-infected watermelon seeds. (C) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Nam, Kyungx2010,Wan,Bak, Seongx2010,Min,Hu, Enyuan,Yu, Xiqian,Zhou, Youngning,Wang, Xiaojian,Wu, Lijun,Zhu, Yimei,Chung, Kyungx2010,Yoon,Yang, Xiaox2010,Qing WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.23 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The thermal instability of the cathode materials in lithium‐ion batteries is an important safety issue, requiring the incorporation of several approaches to prevent thermal runaway and combustion. Systematic studies, using combined well‐defined in situ techniques, are crucial to obtaining in‐depth understanding of the structural origin of this thermal instability in overcharged cathode materials. Here time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption, mass spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy during heating are combined to detail the structural changes in overcharged Li<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Co<SUB>0.15</SUB>Al<SUB>0.05</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and Li<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Ni<SUB>1/3</SUB>Co<SUB>1/3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1/3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> cathode materials. By employing these several techniques in concert, various aspects of the structural changes are investigated in these two materials at an overcharged state; these include differences in phase‐distribution after overcharge, phase nucleation and propagation during heating, the preferred atomic sites and migration paths of Ni, Co, and Mn, and their individual contributions to thermal stability, together with measuring the oxygen release that accompanies these structural changes. These results provide valuable guidance for developing new cathode materials with improved safety characteristics.</P>
Probing the nature of high‐<i>z</i> short GRB 090426 with its early optical and X‐ray afterglows
Xin, Lix2010,Ping,Liang, Enx2010,Wei,Wei, Jianx2010,Yan,Zhang, Bing,Lv, Houx2010,Jun,Zheng, Weix2010,Kang,Urata, Yuji,Im, Myungshin,Wang, Jing,Qiu, Yux2010,Lei,Deng, Jinx2010,Song,Huang, Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.410 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>GRB 090426 is a short‐duration burst detected by <I>Swift</I> (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu1.gif' alt ='inline image'/> s in the observer frame and <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu2.gif' alt ='inline image'/> s in the burst frame at <I>z</I>= 2.609). Its host galaxy properties and some gamma‐ray‐related correlations are analogous to those seen in long‐duration gamma‐ray bursts (GRBs), which are believed to be of a massive star origin (so‐called Type II GRBs). We present the results of its early optical observations with the 0.8‐m Tsinghua University–National Astronomical Observatory of China Telescope (TNT) at Xinglong Observatory and the 1‐m LOAO telescope at Mt Lemmon Optical Astronomy Observatory in Arizona. Our well‐sampled optical afterglow light curve covers from <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu3.gif' alt ='inline image'/> to 10<SUP>4</SUP> s after the GRB trigger. It shows two shallow decay episodes that are likely due to energy injection, which end at <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu4.gif' alt ='inline image'/> and 7100 s, respectively. The decay slopes after the injection phases are consistent with each other (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu5.gif' alt ='inline image'/>). The X‐ray afterglow light curve appears to trace the optical, although the second energy‐injection phase was missed due to visibility constraints introduced by the <I>Swift</I> orbit. The X‐ray spectral index is <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu6.gif' alt ='inline image'/> without temporal evolution. Its decay slope is consistent with the prediction of the forward shock model. Both X‐ray and optical emission are consistent with being in the same spectral regime above the cooling frequency (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu7.gif' alt ='inline image'/>). The fact that <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu8.gif' alt ='inline image'/> is below the optical band from the very early epoch of the observation provides a constraint on the burst environment, which is similar to that seen in classical long‐duration GRBs. We therefore suggest that death of a massive star is the possible progenitor of this short burst.</P>
Ji, Miran,Wang, Xi,Lim, Yu Na,Kang, Yex2010,Won,Jang, Hyex2010,Young WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 European journal of organic chemistry Vol.2013 No.35
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A versatile carbene‐catalysed oxidation protocol involving N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysts and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine <I>N</I>‐oxyl (TEMPO) is described for the synthesis of esters, cinnamic acids, and thioesters. A wide range of esters, thioesters, and cinnamic acids were obtained by metal‐free coupling of aldehydes with aliphatic, allylic and aromatic alcohols, benzyl mercaptan, and water. In addition to the oxidative coupling of aldehydes with nucleophiles, dehydrogenation of saturated aldehydes and oxidation of allylic alcohols were found under our oxidative coupling conditions. Unlike other TEMPO‐mediated oxidative esterification reactions, this reaction does not proceed through a TEMPO ester intermediate to form esters and thioesters.</P>
Wang, Xi,Lim, Yu Na,Lee, Chan,Jang, Hyex2010,Young,Lee, Bun Yeoul WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol.2013 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Direct carboxylation of acetylene with CO<SUB>2</SUB> was carried out in the presence of 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐1‐ene (TBD); subsequent reduction of dicarboxylated acetylene produces commercially valuable succinate salts. This metal‐free carboxylation has potential economic and environmental impact by utilizing non‐petroleum feedstocks (acetylene) and CO<SUB>2</SUB> and by producing valuable chemical feed stocks.</P>
A novel differential bandpass filter with ultra‐wide band common‐mode suppression
Zhang, Xiaox2010,Yu,Wang, Yang,Lee, Jongx2010,Chul John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2019 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS Vol.61 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A compact differential filter with ultra‐wide band common‐mode (CM) suppression is proposed. Ultra‐wide band property is achieved by the frequency‐selecting coupling structure (FSCS), which generates three transmission zeros in the passband of differential‐mode (DM) as well as in the stopband of CM. Moreover, the position of the transmission zeros, the CM insertion loss and the DM return loss can be customized by designing the parameters of the FSCS. To verify the concept, a filter has been designed, simulated and measured. The proposed filter shows the center frequency of 2.45 GHz with a DM 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 51% and a CM 20 dB fractional bandwidth of 108.6%.</P>
Lee, Inx2010,Won,Jo, Yux2010,Jin,Jung, Seungx2010,Min,Wang, Haix2010,Yang,Kim, Namx2010,Hyung,Namgoong, Suk Federation of American Society for Experimental Bi 2018 The FASEB Journal Vol.32 No.2
<P>Mammalian oocytes lack a centriole that acts as a microtubule organization center (MTOC) in most somatic cells. During oocyte maturation, MTOCs undergo remodeling processes, including decondensation, fragmentation, and self-organization. However, the underlying mechanisms of MTOC remodeling in mouse oocytes are not well understood. We showed that two pericentriolar proteins, Cep192 and Cep152, play crucial roles during MTOC remodeling in mouse oocytes. Cep192 is present in MTOCs at all stages of oocyte maturation, and its depletion induces ablation of MTOCs, delay in spindle formation, and abnormal chromosomal alignment in spindles. In the case of Cep152, its localization on MTOCs is limited at the germinal vesicle stage and then disappears from the MTOCs after the germinal vesicle breakdown stage. Cep152 exclusion from MTOCs is involved in the fragmentation of MTOCs, and it is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity. Our results demonstrate the different roles of Cep192 and Cep152 in MTOC remodeling and a novel regulatory mechanism during meiotic spindle formation in mouse oocytes.</P>