Predicting In Sacco Rumen Degradation Kinetics of Raw and Dry Roasted Faba Beans (Vicia faba) and Lupin Seeds (Lupinus albus) by Laboratory Techniques

Yu, P.,Egan, A.R.,Leury, B.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.10

Two laboratory techniques: (1) an in vitro method with two procedures for measuring protein degradabilities and (2) an in vitro method with three procedures for measuring protein solubility, were investigated to determine which laboratory techniques could most accurately predict the quantity of rumen protein degradation kinetics of legume seeds after dry roasting under various conditions, in terms of (1) rumen protein disappearance ($D_j$, where j=0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h incubation), (2) rumen protein effective degradability (EDCP), (3) the parameters describing rumen degradation characteristics (the soluble fraction: S, the potentially degradable fraction: D, undegradable fraction: U, lag time: T0 and the degradation rate: Kd) and (4) rumen bypass protein (BCP), which were determined by the method accepted internationally at present, in sacco nylon bag technique using the standardized Dutch method. Feeds evaluated were the raw and dry roasted whole faba (Vicia faba) beans (WFB) and whole lupin (Lupinus albus) seeds (WLS), each was dry roasted under various conditions (at 110, 130 or $150^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30 or 45 min). In vitro protein degradability ($D_1$_Auf and $D_{24}$_Auf) were determined using the modified Aufr re method by enzymatic hydrolysis for 1 h and 24 h using a protease extracted from Streptomyces griseus in a borate-phosphate buffer. In vitro protein solubility ($bf_1$_S, $bf_2$_S, $bf_3$_S) was measured in a borate-phosphate buffer with three different procedures. Results from laboratory techniques (in vitro) were correlated and linearly regressed with in sacco results. Of the three procedures of in vitro protein solubility evaluated, none of them could predict in sacco results with good precision. The highest Pearson correlation coefficient ($R^2$) was less than 0.50. Of two procedures of in vitro protein degradability studied, the $D_1$_Auf values were closely correlated with in sacco parameters: Kd, EDCP and %BCP with high R' values: 0.82, 0.85 and 0.85, respectively, and closely correlated with in sacco $D_j$ at 2, 4, 8 and 12 h rumen incubation with high $R^2$ values: 0.83, 0.91, 0.93 and 0.83, respectively. The $D_{24}$_Auf values could not predict in sacco results. The highest $R^2$ value was less then 0.40. These results indicated that in vitro protein solubility measured in borate-phosphate failed to identify differences in the rate and extent of protein degradation of legume seeds after dry roasting under various conditions and thus should not be used to predict rumen degradation, particularly for heat processed feedstuffs. But in vitro protein degradability using the modified Aufr re method by enzymatic hydrolysis for 1 h or possibly an intermediate time (>1 h and <24 h) is a promising laboratory procedure to detect effectiveness of dry roasting legume seeds on rumen protein degradation characteristics and could be used as a simple laboratory method to predict the rate and extent of protein degradation in the rumen in sacco with high accuracy. The equations to predict EDCP, Kd and BCP of dry roasted legume seeds (WLS and WFB) under various conditions are as follow: For both: EDCP (%)=-1.37+1.06*$D_1$_Auf ($R^2=0.85$, p<0.01). For both: Kd (%/h)=-21.81+0.49*$D_1$_Auf ($R^2=0.82$, p<0.01). For both: %BCP=103.37-1.07*$D_1$_Auf ($R^2=0.85$, p<0.01).

Embryo Survival on Day 25 of Generation in the Gilt is Not Affected by Exogenous Progesterone but is Correlated with Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA in the Uterus

Yu, Z.,Gordon, J.R.,Kirkwood, R.N.,Thacker, P.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.6

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of administration of exogenous progesterone early in gestation on uterine levels of IGF-I mRNA and on embryo survival at day 25 of gestation in the pig. Forty-one prepubertal gilts were induced into oestrus with PG600 and artificially inseminated at their subsequent naturally occurring oestrus. Gilts were then randomly assigned to one of three groups. Gilts in the two treatment groups were injected intramuscularly with 50 mg of progesterone either from day 2 to 14 (N=14) or from day 4 to 14 (N=15) after breeding while those in the control group (N=12) were given corn oil (0.5 ml) from day 2 to 14. Between days 25 and 28 of gestation, gilts were slaughtered and reproductive tracts were recovered. Endometrial tissue (1 g) was collected and analysed for IGF-I mRNA levels using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Progesterone treatment, starting either on day 2 or 4 after breeding, neither significantly increased embryo survival rate by day 25 of gestation nor altered IGF-I mRNA levels in uterine tissue. However, across all samples, the IGF-I mRNA level in the uterus was highly correlated with embryo survival rate (r=0.8193, p<0.01), supporting the involvement of IGF-I in the regulation of porcine embryo development.

치즈 제조 부산물을 이용한 ELISA Blocking Agent의 개발에 관한 연구

유제현,송진욱,조흥찬,차광종,박범석,김응률,이종익,이중복,谷口孝喜 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1999 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

본 연구는 유청과 탈지분유를 blotto로 이용하여 ELISA 수행시 항원·항체반응에 비특이반응을 막는 Blocking agent를 탐색하기 위해 실험을 수행했다. MAb의 역가측정 결과 유의차가 인정되는 OD값이 0.3이상 검색된 희석배율은 1B2의 경우 819,200배, 6D4의 경우 1,638,400배, 15B10의 경우 204,800배이었다. 서로 다른 Blotto가 항원·항체반응에 미치는 영향을 각기다른 MAb를 이용하여 조사해 본 결과 MAb Yo-156, Yo-5는 Blocking agent로 표준적으로 사용하고 있는 BAS가 비교하여 group A 바이러스 7종 모두에 비슷한 정도의 발색을 일으켰으며, MAb G6는 G6 type바이러스 4종 모두에서 비슷한 정도의 발색을 일으켰고, MAb G10은 G10 type 바이러스 3종 모두에서 비슷한 정도의 발색을 일으켰다. 따라서 본 실험에 사용한 모든 종류의 blotto소재인, 탈지분유1(서울우유(협)), 탈지분유2((주)매일유업), 혼합탈지분유((주)매일유업), whey powder1(Sigma), whey powder2 ((주)삼익유가공), WPC34((주)환이상사), WPC800((주)후드피아), WPC8000 ((주)후드피아), WPI((주)환이상사)는 현재 Blocking agent로 사용하고 있는 BSA와 비교하여 유사하게 비특이 반응을 막아주는 것으로 밝혀져 경제적으로 보다 저렴한 blotto 소재로 이용이 가능하다는 사실을 확인하였다. Enzyme-Linked-Immuno-Sorbent-Assay (ELISA) has been frequently used for detection of interaction of antigen and antibody. Many efforts have been made to reduce nonspecific reaction of ELISA. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is usually used for blocking the nonspecific reaction even thought it is expensive. Recently skin milk has been focused on blocking nonspecific reaction of ELISA. This study aimed to substitute expensive blocking agent of ELISA with cheap by-product of cheese manufacture. To evaluate the substitution of BSA with wheys made in different companies, ELISA was carried out using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against rotavirus. The blocking capacity of the whey was compared with that of the BSA. The commercial wheys showed the same activity as BSA when ELISA was performed using MAb YO-156, S2-37, and Yo-5. To further investigate whether the whey affects the detection specificity of MAb, the ELISA was carried out using type specific MAbs. MAb G6 specific to serotype G6 bound to only rotavirus serotype G6 such as NCDV, UK, JBR, and Jedong strain whereas MAb G10 specific to serotype G10 bound to serotype G10 rotavirus only, demonstrating that the whey a and no effect on the binding specificity of MAb with respect to antigen-antibody reaction. These data indicate that the whey may have no effect on specific interation of antigen-antibody and may be widely used for blocking substitute because of competitive priority of its price.

Decreasing interfacial losses with catalysts in La_0.9Ca_0.1FeO_3-δ membranes for syngas production

Yu, A.S.,Kim, J.,Oh, T.S.,Kim, G.,Gorte, R.J.,Vohs, J.M. Elsevier 2014 Applied Catalysis A Vol.486 No.-

The effect of modification of the surface of a La<SUB>0.9</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.1</SUB>FeO<SUB>3</SUB> (LCF) membrane by the addition of a porous layer with an infiltrated catalyst on oxygen flux through the membrane in a CO/air gradient was investigated. Membranes with Pt and CeO<SUB>2</SUB> catalysts on the fuel (CO) side and La<SUB>0.8</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.2</SUB>FeO<SUB>3</SUB> (LSF) on the air-side exhibited oxygen permeation fluxes that were 91, 28, and 5.8 times greater at 873K, 973K, and 1073K, respectively, compared to a membrane with unmodified surfaces. The relative contributions of the bulk (R<SUB>b</SUB>) and surface (R<SUB>s</SUB>) resistances to the total resistance to oxygen ion flow (R<SUB>tot</SUB>) were accessed by measuring the oxygen flux as a function of the membrane thickness. R<SUB>s</SUB> was found to dominate R<SUB>tot</SUB>, demonstrating the importance of the surface processes.

EHP와 RRV의 Coinfection에 의한 Reassortants 선발에 관한 연구

유제현,조홍찬,송진욱,김유성,이영건,박선오,이종익,김응률,차광종,류영수,Harry B. Greenberg 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1998 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

본 연구는 두 종류의 rotavirus strain MA104 cell 상에서 동시감염시킨 후 gene이 서로 교차된 새로운 reassortants를 선발하기 위해 수행하였으며, 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. EHP T 와 RRV를 MA104 세포에 감염시켜 cytopathic effect(CPE)를 확인하였으며 확인된 virus를 수확하였다. 2. Coinfection의 mobility of infection은 각각 EHP T는 0.3(3*10?? PFU), RRV는 2.5(2.5*10?? PFU)이었다. 3. EHP T와 RRV를 coinfection하여 plaque assay에 의해 형성된 plaque들을 pick up하였다. 4. EHP T와 RRV를 동시감염시켜 얻어진 plaques를 MA104 cell에 재감염한 후 grow up하여 수확하였다. 5. Plaques를 24 Well의 MA104 cell에 감염하여 수확한 후 dsRNA를 추출하여 전기영동에 의해 26개 reassortants를 선발하였다. This study was carried out to select new reassortants whose genes were exchanged by confection of two strains. The results obtained in these experiments were as follows: 1. Cytopathic effect was checked out in the experiment in which made MA104 cells infected by EHP T (murine rotavirus) and RRV(simian rhesus rotavirus). And then the viruses were obtained from the procedure. 2. Mobility of infection(MOI) of EHP T and RRV were 0.3(3*10?? plaque forming units) and 2.5(2.5*10?? plaque forming units)respectively. 3. After coinfection of EHP T and RRV, plaques which formed in plaque assay were picked up. 4. Coinfected EHP T and RRV plaques were grown up in 24 well of MA104 cell and then grown-ups or those were obtained. 5. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) of dsRNA extracted above, 26 reassortants were selected.

한국산 원유의 화학적 조성에 관한 연구 : 지역별 · 계절별

이현종,강국희,고준수,김영교,김영주,김종우,김현욱,박종래,유제현,윤여창,윤영호,임종우 제주대학교 농과대학 제주도축산문제연구소 1991 畜産論叢 Vol.6 No.1

Totally 881 bulked raw milk samples were collected once a month from Oct. 1989 to Sep. 1990 at 18 districts plus 8-16 farms in the all over Korea, and general composition of raw milk were analysed for the variation and correlation in between provincial areas, districts, and collection lines of milk plant. Each components of raw milk collected in province and district were significantly differed (p<0.001), but sampling stage were not effected on the composition of milk. In the monthly variation of milk composition, all of components excepted the content of ash in raw milk were lower in July and August, and tended to increas in October to January, and significantly (0.001) greater than in July and August. The correlation coefficients for the relation between fat content and total solids or protein were 0.635, 0.135 respectively, and between protein content and total solids or SNF were 0.652, 0.742.

JBR(Jeju Island Bovine Rotavirus)의 Sequencing에 의한 Homology 비교에 관한 연구

이종익,谷口孝喜,김응률,류영수,박선오,송진욱,유제현,조홍찬,차광종,浦澤正三,이태협,김유성,이영건 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1998 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

본 연구는 PCR에 의해 로타바이러스의 serotype을 결정하고 염기배열의 유사성을 다른 지역에서 발견된 로타바이러스와 비교 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 제주도 목장에서 송아지 설사변을 채취하여 로타바이러스를 분리 후 MA104세포에 감염시켜 세포변성 효과(CPE)를 확인하였다. 2. 전자현미경에 의해 형태학적로 로타바이러스임이 판명되었으며 형광항체법에 의해 MA104세포에 감염된 것을 재확인 하였다. 3. 제주도 송아지 로타바이러스(JBR)RNA를 PAGE에 의해 genotype를 분석한 결과 bovine특유의 4:2:3:2 pattern이지만 일반 PAGE로 분석한 결과는 NCDV, UK, KK3, A5-37, 61A, B223와 차이가 있었으며, Ns-5, Nc-5, Kawatabi(Japan)와는 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 4. Plaquing 후 titer한 결과 NCDV, UK보다는 낮은 ??PFU/ml이었다. 5. RNA-RAN hybridization과 ELISA 및 VP7과 VP4의 1차, 2차 PCR 사물을 1% agarose(EtBr 1㎕의 TAE)에서 전기영동한 결과 G6P11의 serotype이었다. 6. JBR의 P serotype이 동일하게 나타난 B223과의 비교 결과 총 JVP8 750 bases 중에서 731개의 염기가 B223과 같은 것으로 나타나 염기배열의 유사성은 97.47%로 나타났고, 아미노산 배열의 유사성은 97.57%로 나타났다. This study was carried our to identify JBR's serotype by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and to analyze homology of JBR' sequence. The results obtained in these experiments were as follows: 1. Fecal samples of calf diarrhea were taken on farms in Jeju island, rotavirus was isolated and cytopathic effect(CPE) was determined after infection to MA104 cell. 2. Morphological evaluation on electron microscopy proved it as rotavirus. Also, its infection to MA104 cell was reidentified using a fluorescence antibody method. 3. Genotype of Jeju island bovine rotavirus(JBR) analyzed thorough PAGE was 4:2:3:2 pattern, which was unique in bovine and that analyzed through general PAGE was somewhat different from NCDV, UK, KK3, A5-37, 61A, B223 and similar to Nstool-5, N cultrue-5 and Kawatabi(Japan). 4. By titration after plaquing, the level was ??PEU/ml, which was lower than those of NCDV and UK. 5. Electrophoresis analysis of RNA-RNA hybridization. ELISA, adn first and second PCR products of VP7 and VP4 in 1% agarose(TAE+1㎕ EtBr) revealed that the rotavirus was a serotype of G6P11. 6. Alignment of two(JBR and B223) amino acid sequences is 97.57% and nucleotide sequences is 97.47%.

Potent in vitro and in vivo activity of an Fc-engineered humanized anti-HM1.24 antibody against multiple myeloma via augmented effector function

Tai, Yu-Tzu,Horton, Holly M.,Kong, Sun-Young,Pong, Erik,Chen, Hsing,Cemerski, Saso,Bernett, Matthew J.,Nguyen, Duc-Hanh T.,Karki, Sher,Chu, Seung Y.,Lazar, Greg A.,Munshi, Nikhil C.,Desjarlais, John R American Society of Hematology 2012 Blood Vol.119 No.9

<B>Abstract</B><P>HM1.24, an immunologic target for multiple myeloma (MM) cells, has not been effectively targeted with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, we investigated in vitro and in vivo anti-MM activities of XmAb5592, a humanized anti-HM1.24 mAb with Fc-domain engineered to significantly enhance FcγR binding and associated immune effector functions. XmAb5592 increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) several fold relative to the anti-HM1.24 IgG1 analog against both MM cell lines and primary patient myeloma cells. XmAb5592 also augmented antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells became more activated by XmAb5592 than the IgG1 analog, evidenced by increased cell surface expression of granzyme B-dependent CD107a and MM cell lysis, even in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. XmAb5592 potently inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing human MM xenografts via FcγR-dependent mechanisms, and was significantly more effective than the IgG1 analog. Lenalidomide synergistically enhanced in vitro ADCC against MM cells and in vivo tumor inhibition induced by XmAb5592. A single dose of 20 mg/kg XmAb5592 effectively depleted both blood and bone marrow plasma cells in cynomolgus monkeys. These results support clinical development of XmAb5592, both as a monotherapy and in combination with lenalidomide, to improve patient outcome of MM.</P>

Quench behavior of superconductors during the operation of superconductor-triggered fault current limiters

Yim, S.W.,Park, C.R.,Yu, S.D.,Kim, H.R.,Hyun, O.B.,Sim, J.,Park, K.B.,Oh, I.S. North-Holland 2009 Physica. C, Superconductivity Vol.469 No.15

In the first-peak non-limiting type superconductor-triggered fault current limiter (STFCL), which was developed by the collaborative work of KEPRI and LSIS, the first half cycle of fault currents is passed, unlimited. Due to these characteristics, information needed for the fault judgments can be provided to the protection relays, which is useful for the protective coordination of power system. In this fault current limiter, superconductors are used as a fault detector that does not generate resistive loss in normal operation state. Therefore, high J<SUB>c</SUB> and fast occurrence of large resistance are the essential properties of superconductors for the application to fault detectors. In this study, for the design of superconducting fault detector (SFD), we investigated the quench behavior of two kinds of superconductors, stabilizer-free coated conductors (SF-CC) and Au/YBCO/sapphire substrate, during the operation of the first-peak non-limiting type STFCL. The dimension of SF-CC was 12mm widex1000mm long and that of Au/YBCO/sapphire was 20mm widex100mm long. Their critical current (I<SUB>c</SUB>) values were 250A and 200A, respectively, and the critical temperature (T<SUB>c</SUB>) was both 90K for both superconductors. When fault currents of over 3kA were applied, the STFCL carried out the current limitation successfully. At the beginning of the quench, SF-CC generated a resistance of 150mΩ, and 394mΩ was generated in the Au/YBCO/sapphire substrate, when 150V<SUB>rms</SUB> was applied. After the first half cycle, the resistance of the superconductors increased up to 263mΩ, and 846mΩ, respectively, and the temperature reached 132K and 127K. In addition, we also investigated the recovery characteristics of the SFDs. The SF-CC and Au/YBCO/sapphire substrate recovered the superconductivity by 353ms and 357ms, respectively. Based on the results of the analysis, we determined the required length of the superconductors for the SFD application.

Characterization of T-DNA insertion mutants with decreased virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-007

Kim, S.,Lee, S. J.,Nai, Y. S.,Yu, J. S.,Lee, M. R.,Yang, Y. T.,Kim, J. S. Springer International 2016 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. No.

<P>The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is a major agricultural pest that reduces crop quality and value. Chemical pesticides have contributed to pest management, but resistance to these chemicals has significantly limited their use. Alternative strategies with different modes of action, such as entomopathogenic fungi, are therefore of great interest. Herein, we explored how entomopathogenic fungi can potentially be used to control the bean bug and focused on identifying virulence-related genes. Beauveria bassiana (JEF isolates) were assayed against bean bugs under laboratory conditions. One isolate, JEF-007, showed > 80 % virulence by both spray and contact exposure methods. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (AtMT) of JEF-007 generated 249 random transformants, two of which (B1-06 and C1-49) showed significantly reduced virulence against Tenebrio molitor and R. pedestris immatures. Both species were used for rapid screening of virulence-reduced mutants. The two transformants had different morphologies, conidial production, and thermotolerance than the wild type. To determine the localization of the randomly inserted T-DNA, thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) PCR was conducted and analysis of the two clones found multiple T-DNA insertions (two in B1-06 and three in C1-49). Genes encoding complex I intermediate-associated protein 30 (CIA30) and the autophagy protein (Atg22) were possibly disrupted by the T-DNA insertion and might be involved in the virulence. This work provides a strong platform for future functional genetic studies of bean bug-pathogenic B. bassiana. The genes putatively involved in fungal virulence should be experimentally validated by knockdown in future studies.</P>