An NADPH-Oxidase/Polyamine Oxidase Feedback Loop Controls Oxidative Burst Under Salinity

Gé,mes, Katalin,Kim, Yu Jung,Park, Ky Young,Moschou, Panagiotis N.,Andronis, Efthimios,Valassaki, Chryssanthi,Roussis, Andreas,Roubelakis-Angelakis, Kalliopi A. American Society of Plant Biologists 2016 Plant Physiology Vol.172 No.3

<P>The apoplastic polyamine oxidase (PAO) catalyzes the oxidation of the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine, contributing to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation. However, it is yet unclear whether apoplastic PAO is part of a network that coordinates the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salinity or if it acts independently. Here, we unravel that NADPH oxidase and apoplastic PAO cooperate to control the accumulation of H2O2 and superoxides (O-2(center dot-)) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). To examine to what extent apoplastic PAO constitutes part of a ROS-generating network, we examined ROS accumulation in guard cells of plants overexpressing or down-regulating apoplastic PAO (lines S2.2 and A2, respectively) or down-regulating NADPH oxidase (line AS-NtRbohD/F). The H2O2-specific probe benzene sulfonyl-H2O2 showed that, under salinity, H2O2 increased in S2.2 and decreased in A2 compared with the wild type. Surprisingly, the O-2(center dot-)-specific probe benzene sulfonyl-So showed that O-2(center dot-) levels correlated positively with that of apoplastic PAO (i.e. showed high and low levels in S2.2 and A2, respectively). By using AS-NtRbohD/F lines and a pharmacological approach, we could show that H2O2 and O-2(center dot-) accumulation at the onset of salinity stress was dependent on NADPH oxidase, indicating that NADPH oxidase is upstream of apoplastic PAO. Our results suggest that NADPH oxidase and the apoplastic PAO form a feed-forward ROS amplification loop, which impinges on oxidative state and culminates in the execution of programmed cell death. We propose that the PAO/NADPH oxidase loop is a central hub in the plethora of responses controlling salt stress tolerance, with potential functions extending beyond stress tolerance.</P>

Hybrid Evaluation Method for Dispatching Control Level of Smart Distribution Network

Yu‑Qian Wang,Leijiao Ge,Na Zhang 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.6

Smart distribution network (SDN) is an important part of smart grid (SG), and its dispatching control level is closely related to the safety and reliability of power system. In order to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the dispatching and control level of smart distribution network, this paper constructs an evaluation index system based on the considerations of reliability, economy, efectiveness, adaptability and cleanness. Taking into account the disadvantages of subjective weighting methods and the objective weighting methods, this paper puts forward a kind of subjective and objective mixed evaluation method for dispatching control level of SDN. In view of the great infuence of expert opinions of subjective weighting method and the high data dependence of objective weighting method, the binomial coefcient method of subjective weighting is combined with the multi-objective programming method of objective weighting to give weight to each index in the comprehensive evaluation index system of dispatching control level of SDN. Case studies verify the proposed method has great signifcance to the evaluation of the dispatching control level of SDN. It can efectively evaluate the dispatching level of SDN and provide a reference for the improvement of the dispatching control level of SDN.

미러 타입 컨쥬게이트 캠의 설계와 가공에 관한 연구

조현덕,김유종,용부중,동유게 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.14 No.2

A mirror cam mechanism, a kind of conjugate cam mechanism, consists of two cams, two rollers, and two links. Since profiles of two mirror cams are identical, a simultaneous machining of two cams is achievable. Some machining errors on cam profiles do not result in the internal acting force, which often causes problems in high speed cam mechanism, between two links. Also, since angular accelerations of two links are same, the internal acting force by the difference of the angular accelerations does not occur in the mechanism. Thus the mirror cam mechanism is very useful in high speed machinery. This paper studies a design method as well as a machining method, and develops an exclusive CAD/CAM software for mirror cam profiles. The developed CAD/CAM software is applied to a typical mirror cam mechanism, and a mock-up equipment is built in order to test the machined mirror cam. Experimental investigations show that the contact between cam surface and roller surface according to cam rotation agrees well with the simulation on the developed CAD/CAM software.

Ruled Surface로 형성된 임펠러 블레이드 전용 CAD/CAM 시스템 개발 Ⅱ : 5-축 가공에 관한 연구 A Study on the 5-Axis Machining

조현덕,정대일,윤문철,최두선,신보성,이응숙,董玉革 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This study is continuous with the study 1 (A Study on the Modeling) and the sample impeller of this study is defined by the modeling process of the exclusive CAD/CAM system developed in the study I. And, this study describes a method for the 5-axis machining of impeller blades formed by ruled surface. Therefore, the exclusive CAD/CAM system is the software for modeling and machining of impeller blades. By using the machining method suggested in this study, we could manufacture impeller blades on 5-axis CNC machining center and the machined impeller was very agreeable to the designed impeller. Thus, theories proposed in this study can be very useful for the 5-axis machining of impeller blades.

Ruled Surface로 형성된 임펠러 블레이드 전용 CAD/CAM 시스템 개발 Ⅰ : 모델링에 관한 연구 A Study on the Modeling

조현덕,정대일,윤문철,최두선,신보성,이응숙,董玉革 한국공작기계학회 2001 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.10 No.6

We have developed the exclusive CAD/CAM system for the machining of impeller blades. This study is about the modeling method for the effective machining of impeller blades formed by ruled surface. As the impeller is consisted of boss part and blade part, the boss is modeled by rotational surface of hub curve on z-axis and the blade is described by ruled-surfaces between hub curve and shroud curve. This modeling process can be carried out on the software developed in this study. And, the developed software can describe the impeller as a solid model through interface with Solid-Works software. The developed software containing the interface method proposed in this study was very effective for impeller modeling.

Simulation of Fuzzy Reliability Indexes

Yu Ge Dong,Xin Zhao Chen,Hyun Deog Cho,Jong Wan Kwon 대한기계학회 2003 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.17 No.4

By means of the transformation from the problem of fuzzy reliability to the problem of general reliability, a model for analyzing fuzzy reliability is introduced in this paper. Because of the complexity of the problem of the fuzzy reliability, generally speaking, the analytical equations for calculating fuzzy reliability indexes of machine part cannot be obtained in most cases. Therefore, in this paper, an approach is given wherein progressions are employed to calculate them, or a simulation approach is used to estimate them by expressing general reliability indexes as progressions. By utilizing the approach put forwards in the paper, the calculating quantity for analyzing the fuzzy reliability will be reduced; even substantially reduced sometimes. Some examples are taken to explain the feasibility of the model and a simulation approach.

Predictive Value of Molecular Subtyping for Locoregional Recurrence in Early-Stage Breast Cancer with N1 without Postmastectomy Radiotherapy

Ge Wen,Jin-Shan Zhang,Yu-Jing Zhang,Yu-Jia Zhu,Xiao-Bo Huang,Xunxing Guan 한국유방암학회 2016 Journal of breast cancer Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between molecular subtype and locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients with early-stage breast cancer with 1–3 positive axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) and improve the individualized indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Methods: The records of 701 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer who did not undergo PMRT were retrospectively analyzed. Tumors were subclassified as follows: luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched, and basal-like subtypes. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to determine the risk of LRR associated with the different subtypes and to adjust for clinicopathologic factors. Results: Luminal A, luminal B, HER2- enriched, and basal-like subtypes accounted for 51.2%, 28.0%, 8.1%, and 12.7% of cases, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 67 months (range, 9–156 months). Univariate analysis revealed that, compared with the luminal A subtype, the HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes were associated with significantly higher 5-year LRR rates (5.6% vs. 21.6% and vs.15.7% respectively; p=0.002 each), lower 5-year LRR-free survival (LRFS) rates (90.6% vs. 73.8% and 78.5%, respectively; p=0.001 each), and poorer 5-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) rates (93.7% vs. 82.2% [p=0.002] and 84.9% [p=0.001], respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes, age ≤35 years, a medial tumor, and pT2 stage were poor prognostic factors for LRR and LRFS; furthermore, 2 to 3 positive ALNs represented an independent prognostic factor affecting LRR. The 10-year LRR rates of patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors were 1.0%, 6.9%, 14.3%, 30.4%, and 54.3%, respectively (p<0.001); the 10-year BCSS rates were 86.6%, 88.5%, 84.4%, 79.7%, and 38.8%, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Molecular subtyping allows for individualized evaluation of LRR risk in patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer. PMRT should be recommended for patients with ≥3 LRR risk factors.

Saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. Induce Apoptosis in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells through AMPK Activation and STAT3 Inhibition

Ge, Yu-Qing,Xu, Xiao-Feng,Yang, Bo,Chen, Zhe,Cheng, Ru-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Background: Saponins are a major active component for the traditional Chinese medicine, Rubus parvifolius L., which has shown clear antitumor activities. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of saponins of Rubus parvifolius L. (SRP) remain unclear with regard to human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. The aim of this study was to investigate inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis induction effects of SRP in K562 cells and further elucidate its regulatory mechanisms. Materials and Methods: K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of SRP and MTT assays were performed to determine cell viability. Apoptosis induction by SRP was determined with FACS and DAPI staining analysis. Western blotting was used to detect expression of apoptosis and survival related genes. Specific inhibitors were added to confirm roles of STAT3 and AMPK pathways in SRP induction of apoptosis. Results: Our results indicated that SRP exhibited obvious inhibitory effects on the growth of K562 cells, and significantly induced apoptosis. Cleavage of pro-apoptotic proteins was dramatically increased after SRP exposure. SRP treatment also increased the activities of AMPK and JNK pathways, and inhibited the phosphorylation expression level of STAT3 in K562 cells. Inhibition of the AMPK pathway blocked the activation of JNK by SRP, indicating that SRP regulated the expression of JNK dependent oon the AMPK pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of the latter significantly conferred resistance to SRP pro-apoptotic activity, suggesting involvement of the AMPK pathway in induction of apoptosis. Pretreatment with a STAT3 inhibitor also augmented SRP induced growth inhibition and cell apoptosis, further confirming roles of the STAT3 pathway after SRP treatment. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that SRP induce cell apoptosis through AMPK activation and STAT3 inhibition in K562 cells. This suggests the possibility of further developing SRP as an alternative treatment option, or perhaps using it as adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for chronic myeloid leukemia therapy.

Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf and Heading-related Traits in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinesis)

Yu Ge,Nirala Ramchiary,Tao Wang,Cui Liang,Na Wang,Zhe Wang,최수련,임용표,Zhong Yun Piao 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.5

The inheritance of leaf and heading-related traits in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) are poorly understood since only a handful of studies of these traits are available till date. In this study, QTL mapping was done for seven leaf and heading related traits that includes gross weight, number of non-wrapper leaves, head weight, head length, head width,head length/head width ratio, and the number of head-forming leaves in 139 F3 families derived from a cross between two diverse Chinese cabbage lines, ‘501’ with small head and ‘601’ with large head. A total of 27 QTL spread over the nine linkage groups were identified for seven leaf and head-related traits, many of which showed major effects clustered in A2, A4,A6, and A8. The results provided a better understanding of the genetic factors controlling leaf and head-related traits in Chinese cabbage.

Expression of ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in Endometrial Carcinoma and their Relationships with the Clinicopathological Features

Yu, Cui-Ge,Jiang, Xiang-Yang,Li, Bin,Gan, Lu,Huang, Jian-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15

Background: To analyze the expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and their relationships with the clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven EC samples, 53 normal endometrial samples and 53 atypical hyperplasia endometrial samples were all selected in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from Jun., 2012 to Jun., 2014. The expression of ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in EC tissue, normal endometrial tissue and atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissue was respectively detected using immunohistochemical SP method. The relationships between the expression of ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 and the patients' clinicopathological features as well as their correlations in EC tissue were also analyzed. Results: The positive expression rates of ER and PR in EC tissue were 44.8% and 41.8%, respectively, dramatically lower than in atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissue and normal endometrial tissue (P<0.01). The positive expression rates of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in EC tissue were 80.6% and 64.2%, respectively, significantly higher than in atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissue and normal endometrial tissue (P<0.01). In EC tissue, the expression of ER and PR was closely associated with the differentiated degrees and depth of myometrial invasion (P<0.05), while that of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 with the clinical staging, differentiated degrees, depth of myometrial invasion and presence or absence of lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis further displayed that the expression of ER was positively correlated with PR (r=0.393, P=0.001), but negatively with C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 (r=-0.469, P=0.000; r=-0.329, P=0.007); The expression of PR was negatively correlated with C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 (r=-0.273, P=0.025; r=-0.251, P=0.041), but that of C-erbB-2 positively with Ki-67 (r=0.342, P=0.005). Conclusions: Abnormal expression of ER, PR, C-erbB2 and Ki-67 might play an important role in endometrial malignant transformation and cell differentiation, so their joint detection is likely to be a comprehensive combination of immune factors, which is of great importance for EC prognosis.