파라메트릭 디자인을 기반으로 한 창의성 연구

왕유지 ( Wang Youzhi ),나건 ( Nah Ken ) 한국기초조형학회 2021 기초조형학연구 Vol.22 No.6

4차 산업혁명에서 컴퓨터 기술의 급속한 발전은 디자인 프로세스를 변화시키는 원동력이 되었다. 한편 개인용 컴퓨터가 널리 보급된 후 IBM, 매킨토시를 시작으로한 프로그래밍 언어와 하드웨어가 빠르게 발전하였고 알고리즘과 애플리케이션이 전문화되어 컴퓨터를 사용하는 목적이 매우 다양해졌다. 건축의 경우, 파라메트릭 디자인은 보편화되고 “파라메트릭리즘”이라는 세계적인 건축 스타일이 등장하게 되었다. 이러한 맥락에서, 본 연구의 목적은 파라메트릭 디자인이 디자이너가 더 많은 디자인의 가능성을 탐색할 수 있도록, 인간의 창의성을 향상시키는 “컴퓨팅 창의성”이 효과적인 도구임을 밝히는 데 있다. 본 연구의 방법으로는 선행연구와 문헌을 수집하여 비교분석하는 것으로 일반적인 분석방법은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 논의의 근거는 근대건축의 ‘파라메트릭리즘’이라는 새로운 경향이다. 매개변수 설계 및 매개변수 모델링에 대한 선행 연구와 제너레이티브 설계 및 제너레이티브 모델링에 대한 연구를 분석하고 이들 사이의 차이점에 대해 설명했다. Gensler와 ZHA가 수행한 두 가지 사례를 소개하여 파라메트릭 설계의 실제 사례를 설명했다. 그런 다음 파라메트릭 디자인과 “컴퓨팅 창의성”이 미래 디자인의 주류가 된다는 결론을 이끌어냈다. 둘째, 파라메트릭 디자인의 두 가지 특성을 기반으로 창의적 사고와 결합하여 “컴퓨팅 창의성”에 대한 통찰력을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 이 연구는 설계자들에게 몇 가지 요점을 제시하였다. 파라메트릭 설계는 설계 프로세스의 대규모 반복성과 급격한 변화 문제를 해결하는 데 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라 설계 프로세스에 적극적으로 기여하는 계산 창의성을 만들어 낼 것이다. 또한 파라메트릭 디자인은 미래 디자인의 주류가 될 것이다. In the 4th Industrial Revolution, the rapid development of computer technology has become the driving power to change the design process. Meantime, after the spread of personal computers, starting with IBM and Macintosh, programming languages and hardware rapidly developed, algorithms and applications became specialized, and the purpose of using computers became very diverse(Na, S., 2021). For architecture, parametric design has become an increasingly popular approach resulting in the emergence of a global architectural style, known as “Parametricism”. In this context, the purpose of the study aims at revealing that parametric design is an effective tool to generate computational creativity that enhances human creativity to help designers to explore more design possibilities. As methods of this research, previous researches and literature are collected and comparatively analyzed, the general analysis result is as below. Firstly, the basis for discussion was the new trend as “Parametricism” in modern architecture. Prior researches on the parametric design and parametric modeling were analyzed, as were generative design and generative modeling. The differences between them are discussed. Two cases conducted by Gensler and ZHA are introduced to explain the realistic practices of parametric design. Then drive the conclusion that parametric design and “computational creativity” become the mainstream of future design. Secondly, based on the two characters of parametric design, combined with creative thinking put forward insight into “computational creativity”. Finally, the study makes some points for designers: parametric design not only help to solve the problem of massive repetitiveness and rapid change in the design process, but also generates computational creativity which plays an active contributor to design process. Parametric design will become the mainstream in the future.

Construction of a Shuttle Vector for Heterologous Expression of a Novel Fungal a-Amylase Gene in Aspergillus oryzae

( Yanchen Yin ),( Youzhi Mao ),( Xiaolie Yin ),( Bei Gao ),( Dongzhi Wei ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.7

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae is a well-known expression host used to expresshomologous and heterologous proteins in a number of industrial applications. To facilitate higher yields of proteins of interest, we constructed the pAsOP vector to express heterologous proteins in A. oryzae. pAsOP carries a selectable marker, pyrG, derived from Aspergillus nidulans, and a strong promoter and a terminator of the amyB gene derived from A. oryzae. pAsOP transformed A. oryzae efficiently via the PEG-CaCl2-mediated transformation method.As proof of concept, green fluorescent protein (GFP) was successfully expressed in A. oryzae transformed by pAsOP-GFP. Additionally, we identified a novel fungal α-amylase (PcAmy) gene from Penicillium sp. and cloned the gene into the vector. After transformation by pAsOPPcAmy, the α-amylase PcAmy from Penicillium sp. was successfully expressed in a heterologous host system for the first time. The α-amylase activity in the A. oryzae transformant was increased by 62.3% compared with the untransformed A. oryzae control. ThePcAmy protein produced in the system had an optimum pH of 5.0 and optimum temperature of 30oC. As a cold-adapted enzyme, PcAmy shows potential value in industrial applications because of its high catalytic activity at low temperature. Furthermore, the expression vector reported in this study provides promising utility for further scientific research and biotechnological applications.

PM2.5 in poultry houses synergizes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aggravate lung inflammation in mice through the NF-κB pathway

Meng Li,Xiuli Wei,Youzhi Li,Tao Feng,Linlin Jiang,Hongwei Zhu,Xin Yu,Jinxiu Tang,Guozhong Chen,Jianlong Zhang,Xingxiao Zhang 대한수의학회 2020 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.21 No.3

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods: High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Molecular evolutionary analysis reveals Arctic-like rabies viruses evolved and dispersed independently in North and South Asia

Xin Yu,Hongwei Zhu,Yongheng Bo,Youzhi Li,Jianlong Zhang,Linlin Jiang,Guozhong Chen,Xingxiao Zhang,Yongjun Wen 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.1

Background: Arctic-like (AL) lineages of rabies viruses (RABVs) remains endemic in some Arctic and Asia countries. However, their evolutionary dynamics are largely unappreciated. Objectives: We attempted to estimate the evolutionary history, geographic origin and spread of the Arctic-related RABVs. Methods: Full length or partial sequences of the N and G genes were used to infer the evolutionary aspects of AL RABVs by Bayesian evolutionary analysis. Results: The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the current Arctic and AL RABVs emerged in the 1830s and evolved independently after diversification. Population demographic analysis indicated that the viruses experienced gradual growth followed by a sudden decrease in its population size from the mid-1980s to approximately 2000. Genetic flow patterns among the regions reveal a high geographic correlation in AL RABVs transmission. Discrete phylogeography suggests that the geographic origin of the AL RABVs was in east Russia in approximately the 1830s. The ancestral AL RABV then diversified and immigrated to the countries in Northeast Asia, while the viruses in South Asia were dispersed to the neighboring regions from India. The N and G genes of RABVs in both clades sustained high levels of purifying selection, and the positive selection sites were mainly found on the C-terminus of the G gene. Conclusions: The current AL RABVs circulating in South and North Asia evolved and dispersed independently.

An improvement on the concrete exothermic models considering self-temperature duration

Zhenyang Zhu,Weimin Chen,Sheng Qiang,Guoxin Zhang,Youzhi Liu 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2017 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.19 No.6

Based on the Arrhenius equations, several hydration exothermic models that precisely calculate the influence of concrete’s self-temperature duration on its hydration exothermic rate have been presented. However, the models’ convergence is difficult to achieve when applied to engineering projects, especially when the activation energy of the Arrhenius equation is precisely considered. Thus, the models’ convergence performance should be improved. To solve this problem and apply the model to engineering projects, the relationship between fast iteration and proper expression forms of the adiabatic temperature rise, the coupling relationship between the pipe-cooling and hydration exothermic models, and the influence of concrete’s self-temperature duration on its mechanical properties were studied. Based on these results, the rapid convergence of the hydration exothermic model and its coupling with pipe-cooling models were achieved. The calculation results for a particular engineering project show that the improved concrete hydration exothermic model and the corresponding mechanical model can be suitably applied to engineering projects.

Loss of halophytism by interference with SOS1 expression.

Oh, Dong-Ha,Leidi, Eduardo,Zhang, Quan,Hwang, Sung-Min,Li, Youzhi,Quintero, Francisco J,Jiang, Xingyu,D'Urzo, Matilde Paino,Lee, Sang Yeol,Zhao, Yanxiu,Bahk, Jeong Dong,Bressan, Ray A,Yun, Dae-Jin,Par American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 Plant Physiology Vol.151 No.1

<P>The contribution of SOS1 (for Salt Overly Sensitive 1), encoding a sodium/proton antiporter, to plant salinity tolerance was analyzed in wild-type and RNA interference (RNAi) lines of the halophytic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)-relative Thellungiella salsuginea. Under all conditions, SOS1 mRNA abundance was higher in Thellungiella than in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of the Thellungiella homolog ThSOS1 suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking sodium ion (Na(+)) efflux transporters and increased salt tolerance of wild-type Arabidopsis. thsos1-RNAi lines of Thellungiella were highly salt sensitive. A representative line, thsos1-4, showed faster Na(+) accumulation, more severe water loss in shoots under salt stress, and slower removal of Na(+) from the root after removal of stress compared with the wild type. thsos1-4 showed drastically higher sodium-specific fluorescence visualized by CoroNa-Green, a sodium-specific fluorophore, than the wild type, inhibition of endocytosis in root tip cells, and cell death in the adjacent elongation zone. After prolonged stress, Na(+) accumulated inside the pericycle in thsos1-4, while sodium was confined in vacuoles of epidermis and cortex cells in the wild type. RNAi-based interference of SOS1 caused cell death in the root elongation zone, accompanied by fragmentation of vacuoles, inhibition of endocytosis, and apoplastic sodium influx into the stele and hence the shoot. Reduction in SOS1 expression changed Thellungiella that normally can grow in seawater-strength sodium chloride solutions into a plant as sensitive to Na(+) as Arabidopsis.</P>

Degradation of sulphapyridine by Fe-Mn binary oxide-mediated radical reactions

Kang Wu,Zhongliang Zhang,Fei Hua,Zhou Ye,Chao Li,Youzhi Yao 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.10

Sewage containing antibiotics is harmful to the water environment. Here, a newly prepared iron manganese binary oxide (FMBO) activated persulfate (PDS) has excellent performance for the degradation of sulfapyridine (SPY) in an aqueous environment. The effects of initial pH, SPY, PDS concentration and FMBO dosage on the degradation ability of SPY were investigated. When the pH of FMBO/PDS was 4.0 and the initial concentration of PDS was 2.0mmol/L, the degradation ratio of SPY could reach 94.4%. In the system of removing organic pollutants by transition metal activated PDS, SO4 • and •OH radicals are generally generated, and •OH radical plays a major role. Through the identification of SPY intermediate products by LC/MS, the degradation mechanism was explored. The degradation pathway showed that the strong oxidation of FMBO and the activity of PDS promoted the production of hydroxyl radical and contributed to the degradation and transformation of antibiotics. This study shows that FMBO/PDS has high degradation efficiency in the degradation of SPY.

Functional Characterization of the Copper-Transporting P-Type ATPase Gene of Penicillium janthinellum Strain GXCR

Hongmin Lai,Changbin Sun,Huaying Tang,Xianwei Fan,Yili Ma,Youzhi Li 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.6

Copper (Cu)-transporting P-type ATPase (CTPA) genes have been documented to play an important role in resistance to heavy metals. However, our understanding of roles of CTPA genes of the filamentous fungi was based only on sequence similarity prediction before. In a previous study, we isolated a Penicillum janthinellum strain GXCR of higher tolerance to Cu (200 mM). In this study, we cloned the partial cDNA of CTPA gene, named PcpA, from the strain GXCR. Sequence alignment indicated that the cloned cDNA sequence has the highest identity (94.4%) with a predictive CTPA gene of Aspergillus clavatus. The PcpA- encoded protein, termed PcpA, has classical functional domains of CTPAs, and shows differences from reported CTPAs in some specific sequence motifs and transmembrane regions. Expression of the PcpA was induced by extracellular Cu, cadmium (Cd), and silver (Ag). PcpA RNA interference (RNAi) mutants with a reduced level of PcpA mRNA were more sensitive to Cu, iron, Cd, and Ag than the wild-type (WT) strain GXCR. When grown in the presence of Cu, iron, and Cd, intracellular Cu and iron contents in the PcpA RNAi mutant were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in the WT; However, intracellular Cd content in the mutant was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the WT. Taken together, it can be concluded that the PcpA functions in Cu uptake and homeostasis, iron uptake, and Cd export from the cytosol to the extracytosol.

Evidence of two genetically different lymphotropic herpesviruses present among red deer, sambar, and milu herds in China

Hongwei Zhu,Huitao Liu,Xin Yu,Jianlong Zhang,Linlin Jiang,Guozhong Chen,Zhibin Feng,Youzhi Li,Tao Feng,Xingxiao Zhang 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.5

Herpesvirus infections in Cervidae are a serious threat affecting some deer species worldwide. In our attempt to identify malignant catarrhal fever-associated herpesviruses in deer herds, ten gammaherpesviral DNA fragments were identified in five species of deer in herds in China by using a pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction assay targeting viral DNA polymerase. Notably, in sambar (Rusa unicolor), a novel gamma-2 herpesvirus was identified that showed a close relationship with fallow deer lymphotropic herpesvirus (LHV), while the other fragments were phylogenetically grouped together with Elk-LHV. Determination of whether these viruses have any clinical implication in these deer species should be undertaken urgently.

Molecular Characterization of the Soybean L-Asparaginase Gene Induced by Low Temperature Stress

조창우,Hye-Jeong Lee,Eunsook Chung,Kyoung Mi Kim,Jee Eun Heo,Jung-In Kim,Jongil Chung,Youzhi Ma,Kiichi Fukui,Dae-Won Lee,Doh-Hoon Kim,Young-Soo Chung,이재헌 한국분자세포생물학회 2007 Molecules and cells Vol.23 No.3

L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the amide group of L-asparagine, releasing aspartate and NH4+. We isolated a low temperature-inducible cDNA sequence encoding L-asparaginase from soybean leaves. The full-length L-asparaginase cDNA, designated GmASP1, contains an open reading frame of 1,258 bp coding for a protein of 326 amino acids. Genomic DNA blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the soybean genome has two copies of GmASP1. GmASP1 mRNA was induced by low temperature, ABA and NaCl, but not by heat shock or drought stress. E. coli cells expressing recombinant GmASP1 had 3-fold increased L-asparaginase activity. A possible function of L-asparaginase in the early response to low temperature stress is discussed.