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채영주 이화여자대학교 대학원 1985 硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.-
In order for analysis of the actua'l condition of commercial life water, 10 samples were collected from a supermarket and home delivery company which were investigated for the method of analysis during the period of October 1983 to December 1983. The results were as follows; 1. Non suitable drinking water occupoed in the level 80% of total samples. 2. In non suitable elements, pH showed in the mean 4.8 and occupied in the level 80% of total samples. Three samples were detected both NH_3-N and No_2-N, and Mn was detected higher than standard limit with two samples.
Jin, Young-Hee,Jung, Ji-Hun,Jeon, Su-Jin,Lee, Jae-Kyoo,Oh, Young-Hee,Choi, Sung-Min,Chae, Young-Zoo The Korean Society for Microbiology 2012 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.42 No.3
A total of 91 non-typhoid Salmonella isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea in Seoul from 2003 to 2009 was tested for antimicrobial susceptibility of nalidixic acid (NA). Forty strains of NA resistance or intermediate susceptible non-typhoid Salmonella were identified and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of NA, ciprofloxacin (CIP), and norfloxacin (NOR) were determined. Of the 40 isolates, 26 were resistant to NA (MIC > $256{\mu}g/ml$). Only one isolate was high-level resistant to CIP ($12{\mu}g/ml$) and NOR ($48{\mu}g/ml$). Mutations in gyrA and parC genes were studied by PCR and sequencing. All NA-resistant isolates carried point mutations in the gyrA quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) at codon 83 or 87 (MICs of NA, > $256{\mu}g/ml$; MICs of CIP, $0.047{\sim}0.25{\mu}g/ml$; MICs of NOR, $0.38{\sim}1.5{\mu}g/ml$). A double change in GyrA was found in one Salmonella Enteritidis (MIC of CIP, $12{\mu}g/ml$; MIC of NOR, $48{\mu}g/ml$). In respect of the ParC protein, a single change at Thr57${\rightarrow}$Ser was found in 3 isolates (MICs of NA, > $256{\mu}g/ml$; MICs of CIP, $0.19{\sim}0.25{\mu}g/ml$; MICs of NOR, $1{\mu}g/ml$). At the same time, these strains changed from Ser83 to Tyr in the gyrA. The result of the investigation for the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, 14 isolates harbored qnr gene among 40 isolates. All of 14 isolates showed decreased susceptibility at NA (MICs $4{\sim}16{\mu}g/ml$) and except one strain, all of qnr genes were identified as qnrB. Mutations in the gyrA gene and production of PMQR determinants were critical for quinolone resistance and decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolone in these isolates.
Monitoring and Simultaneous Determination of Uniconazole by Gas Chromatography
Eun-Jeung Kim,Chae-Kyu Hong,Chae-Man Choi,Eun-Hee Kim,Su-Jeong Choi,Young-Sook Hwang,Mi-Ra Jang,Young-Ho Seo,Bu-chuhl Choi,Tae-Rang Kim,In-Sook Hwang,Moo-Sang Kim,Young-Zoo Chae 한국농약과학회 2011 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11
김성단(Sung-Dan Kim),정선옥(Sun-Ok Jung),김복순(Bog-Soon Kim),윤은선(Eun-Sun Yun),장민수(Min-Su Chang),박영애(Young-Ae Park),이용철(Young-Chul Lee),채영주(Young-Zoo Chae),김민영(Min-Young Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.39 No.7
본 연구는 시중에 유통되고 있는 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품 18종 총 52건을 microwave로 습식분해 후 ICP-MS 및 Mercury Analyzer를 이용하여 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 잔류량을 분석한 결과, 평균 0.421(0.032~1.630), 0.157(0.011~0.515), 1.033(0.112~9.933), 6.923(1.333~16.755), 0.010(0.001~0.088) ㎎/㎏이 검출되었다. 사용된 부위별 납 검출 수준을 살펴보면 잎(Herba, 1.032 ㎎/㎏)이 다른 부위에 비해서 유의적인 수준으로 높았으며, 열매(fructus, 0.222 ㎎/㎏), 뿌리줄기(Rhizoma, 0.179), 씨(semen, 0.153 ㎎/㎏) 부위의 납 함량이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 카드뮴 또한 해조류(algae, 0.304 ㎎/㎏), 잎(0.298 ㎎/㎏)을 사용한 제품에서 유의적인 수준으로 높게 잔류하였다(p<0.05). 또한 카드뮴은 다시마를 원료로 한 환제품 총 4건 중 2건(0.431, 0.370 ㎎/㎏)에서, 인진쑥환 총 7건 중 5건(0.315~0.515 ㎎/㎏)에서, 당귀환 1건(0.338 ㎎/㎏), 표고버섯환 1건(0.394 ㎎/㎏)에서 한약재 기준인 0.3 ㎎/㎏을 초과하는 수준으로 검출되었다. 따라서 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품에 대한 카드뮴의 조속한 기준설정 및 관리가 필요한 실정이다. 대부분의 중금속 잔류량이 높았던 잎(Herba)의 중금속별 평균 함량은 Cu 6.480 ㎎/㎏> Cr 2.291 ㎎/㎏> Pb 1.032 ㎎/㎏> Cd 0.298 ㎎/㎏> Hg 0.016 ㎎/㎏ 순서로 나타났다. 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품 섭취 시 중금속에 대한 안전성 평가를 위해 제품을 통한 중금속의 주간섭취량과 FAO/WHO에서 제시하는 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI), 1인 1일 최대섭취허용량 (PMTDI)과 미국환경보호청(U.S. EPA)의 만성경구섭취 참고용량(RfD)과 비교하여 %PTWI를 구하였다. 금속별 주간 섭취량과 %PTWI는 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 각각 평균 0.280(0.018~1.272), 0.113(0.002~0.648), 0.630(0.053~4.975), 6.366(0.289~43.217), 0.011(0.000~0.210) ㎍/㎏ bw/week 이었으며, %PTWI는 1.112(0.072~5.088), 1.614(0.029~9.257), 3.000(0.252~23.690), 0.182(0.008~1.235), 0.220(0.000~0.420)%로 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품을 통한 중금속 섭취량은 안전한 수준으로 판단되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg) in 52 commercial herbal pills used as general processed food, to identify weekly heavy metal intakes from herbal pills and to evaluate their potential health risks. The samples were digested with a microwave and determinations of heavy metal residues were carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer. The mean values of heavy metal contents for herbal pills used as general processed food were Pb 0.421 (0.032~1.630), Cd 0.157 (0.011~0.515), Cr 1.033 (0.112~9.933), Cu 6.923 (1.333~16.755), Hg 0.010 (0.001~0.088) ㎎/㎏. Lead contents of herba and cadmium of algae, herba were high (ANOVA-test, p<0.05). Levels of cadmium concentrations exceeding WHO reference values (0.3 ㎎/㎏) were observed in 10 samples (4 species). The significant correlation was observed between Pb and Cd (r=0.633, p<0.01). The weekly intakes of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg from herbal pills were 1.112 (0.072~5.088), 1.614 (0.029~9.257), 3.000 (0.252~23.690), 0.182 (0.008~1.235), 0.220 (0.000~0.420)%, respectively, as compared with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee for food safety evaluation. Our data suggest regulations limiting heavy metals in herbal pills used as general processed food.
한국에서 유통 중인 산화형 염모제의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구
최채만 ( Chae Man Choi ),홍미선 ( Mi Sun Hong ),이윤정 ( Yun Jung Lee ),김화순 ( Hwa Soon Kim ),김현정 ( Hyun Jung Kim ),김정헌 ( Jung Hun Kim ),채영주 ( Young Zoo Chae ) 대한화장품학회 2013 대한화장품학회지 Vol.39 No.3
2012년 1월에서 10월 사이에 전국에서 유통 중인 산화형 염모제(1제) 125개 제품에서 납(Pb), 비소(As), 카드뮴(Cd), 크롬(Cr), 망간(Mn), 니켈(Ni), 구리(Cu)의 농도 측정과 국산, 수입산 및 헤나별, 성상별, 색상별로 비교해 봄으로써 이에 관련된 분야의 기초자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 분석된 전체 염모제의 평균 중금속 농도는 납 0.211 μg/g, 비소 0.051 μg/g, 카드뮴 0.008 μg/g, 크롬 0.954 μg/g, 망간 6.250μg/g, 니켈 0.591 μg/g, 구리 0.544 μg/g으로 측정되었으며 납, 비소의 경우 우리나라 화장품 안전기준 등에 관한 규정에서 허용기준인 납 20 μg/g, 비소 10 μg/g보다 낮은 수치이다(식품의약품안전처 고시 제2013-24호). 또한 헤나 염모제는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p < 0.05), 납 1.264 μg/g, 비소 0.267 μg/g, 카드뮴 0.025 μg/g, 크롬 4.055 μg/g, 망간 72.044 μg/g, 니켈 3.076 μg/g, 구리 4.640 μg/g으로 국산 및 수입 염모제보다 높았다. 염모제의 성상별 중금속 농도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p < 0.05), 크림과 액체 타입에서 크롬이 각각 0.708 μg/g, 0.478 μg/g로 가장 높았고, 분말타입에서는 망간이 60.041 μg/g로 높았다. 염모제의 색상별 중금속 농도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 노란색의 경우 납, 크롬이 높은 평균 농도를 보였고, 적색과 분홍색의 염모제는 크롬, 갈색과 흑색은 망간이, 녹색은 니켈이 높은 평균 농도를 나타내었다. This study was aimed to provide the fundamental data about oxidized hair color products. For this reason, we collected 125 oxidized hair color products, which were distributed in domestic market from January to October, 2012, and measured the heavy metal concentrations of lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper in the samples. Results were compared by domestic, foreign, henna, type and color. The average metal concentrations were as follows; 0.211 μg/g for lead, 0.008 μg/g for cadmium, 0.051 μg/g for arsenic, 0.954 μg/g for chromium, 6.250 μg/g for manganese, 0.591 μg/g for nickel and 0.544 μg/g for copper. In case of lead and arsenic, the concentrations were much less than the regulated amount (20 μg/g and 10 μg/g, respectively) suggested by MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). In henna (p < 0.05), the concentrations were significantly higher than those of other domestic and foreign oxidized hair color products as follows; 1.264 μg/g for lead, 0.267 μg/g for arsenic, 0.025 μg/g for cadmium, 4.055 μg/g for chromium, 72.044 μg/g for manganese, 3.076 μg/g for nickel and 4.640 μg/g for copper. Statistically, it showed that the heavy metal concentrations were quite different for the different types of hair color products. The cream and liquid type products had the highest average concentration in chromium (0.708 μg/g, 0.478 μg/g, respectively). On the other hand, powder type products showed the highest concentration in manganese (60.041 μg/g). In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals and the color of products are not quite correlated. It was shown that average concentrations of lead and chromium were higher for yellow, chromium for red and pink, manganese for brown and black, and nickel for green.