서산지역 굴피나무(Platycarya strobilacea)군락의 동태

류영수,허혜경,김성덕,박경배 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

The regeneration process and the composition of species of climax Platycarya strovilacea S. et Z. forest was studied in Mujang-Ri, Jigok-Myon, Sosan, Chungchungnam-Do Province. Total number of vascular plant species of this community was recorded 125. This results seem to be related to various soil and light conditions in this community. The dominant trees of the stands came up beyond 12m in height. The upper tree layer is highly dominated by Platycarya strovilacea, which have more than two stems, is over 15cm in DBH class and is like stumps. They were distributed horizontally in random. Trees of the middle and lower layer were few in number and small in basal area. It tended to be distributed contagiously, in the age distribution of trees, some of the even-aged cluster which were constituted of several trees, were found in plot. The growth rates of the stem diameter for the first 20 years of the trees in upper layer were higher than those of the same species in the middle layer. These results show that the seedings which were established in dense grows with the decreasing density after the forest canopy had been broken out , and distribution pattern became in random, would constitute the canopy developing the community level.

폐탄광 배수에 의해 오염된 하천의 화학적 특성과 미생물 활성

류희욱,조경숙,장용근 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

강원도 태백시 황지의 폐탄광과 폐광석 더미에서 유출되는 산성 광산배수의 유입으로 인한 주변 하천의 오염 실태에 대하여 조사하였다. 하천의 오염도를 알기 위해 하천수와 하상퇴적물의 pH, 황산염이온 농도 및 무기원소 농도를 측정하였으며 하상퇴적물에 서식하는 미생물의 활성을 탈수소효소활성(DHA)으로 측정하였다. 폐탄광과 폐광석 더미의 배수가 직접 유입되는 지천에서는 산성 배수의 유입으로 인해 하천수와 하상퇴적물의 pH 가 중성에서 산성으로 감소하였다. 또한 산성 광산배수가 유입되지 않은 청정지역에서 하상퇴적물의 DHA는 1,176∼4,259g-TPF·g-dry soil()·24h()이었으나 유입되는 지천은 12∼170g-TPF·g-dry soil()·24h()로 매우 낮았다. 청정지역과 비교하여 오염된 지역의 하상퇴적물 중에서 Pb와 Fe의 농도는 각각 37∼46ppm과 40.600∼464,000ppm으로 매우 높았다. 폐탄광 배수의 유입으로 산성화된 하천수에서는 11∼42ppm의 높은 농도의 Al이 검출되었다. 또한 오염된 지역에서 하상퇴적물중의 Mn, Mg 및 Ca의 농도가 청정지역과 비교해서 현저하게 낮았고, 반면에 하천수 중의 농도는 높았다. A survey was carried out to investigate the contamination of streams by the acid mine drainage originated from the abandoned coal mines and coal refuse piles. The physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, sulfate and elements concentrations in the water and sediment in streams were analyzed. Microbial activity in the sediment was evaluated by measuring dehydrogenase activities. At sites contaminated by acid mine drainage, the pH of the water and sediment declined to acidic range from neutral due to the accumulation of sulfate. the dehydrogenase activity ranged from 12 to 170㎍-TPF·g-dry soil()·24h() at the contaminated sites, whereas uncontaminated sites had activities of 1.176∼4.259㎍-TPF·g-dry soil()·24h(). The dehydrogenase activity was significantly affected by low pH of the sediment, indicating that high concentration of sulfate inhibited microbial activity. The concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb and Fe in contaminated sediment (37∼46ppm Pb: 46,000∼464,000 ppm Fe) were much higher than those in the uncontaminated sediment. The concentration of Al in the contaminated water acidfied by coal mine drainage was in the range of 11 to 42 ppm. Compared with those in the uncontaminated sediment, the concentrations of Mn, Mg, and Ca in contaminated sediment were low because of the leaching from soil to water by the acidfied stream water.

분화된 갑상선암 환자에서 수술 후 재발과 원격전이를 예측하는 혈청 갑상선글로불린치

김경수,류진숙,홍석준,김원배,송영기 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.2

연구배경 분화된 갑상선암의 재발이나 원격전이를 시사하는 혈청 갑상선글로불린치는 보고자들마다 차이가 있고, receive operating characteristics (ROC) 곡선을 이용해서 cut-off value을 구한 경우는 별로 없다. 또한 수술 후 방사성요오드 치료 직전 (Tg-RAI), T₄투여 도중(Tg-on) 및 T₄ 중단 후(Tg-off)에 측정한 갑상선글로불린의 임상적 의의에 대해서도 아직 이견이 있다. 더구나 임상에서 측정된 혈청 갑상선글로불린치의 의미를 해석할 때 보다 큰 의미를 가지는 양성 예측치와 음성 예측치를 조사한 보고는 거의 없다. 방법: 갑상선 유두암 또는 여포암으로 진단되어 갑상선 전절제술 및 고용량 방사성요오드 치료를 시행 받은 후 갑상선 자리에 잔여병소 없이 추적관찰이 이루어지고 있는 242명의 환자들 중, 항갑상선글로불린항체가 음성인 205명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로조사하였다. 평균 추I:기간은 5년이었다. Tg-off는 저요오드식이를 2주 이상 시행한 후 ^(131)I-전신스캔과 함께 측정되었으며, 내인성 TSH의 농도가 30 μU/mL 이상으로 상승했을 때 의미 있는 것으로 판정하였다. 재발은 경부 림프절을 포함하여 경부에 새로운 병소가 생겼을 때로, 원격전이는 종격동 림프절을 포함하여 경부 이외의 장기에 병소가 생겼을 때로 정의하였곤, 재발이나 원격전이는 각종 영상학적 또는 병리학적 검사에서 이상소견이 발견되는 경우 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 민감도와 특이도가 가장 높은 Tg의 cut-off value를 구하기 위해 ROC 곡선을 이용하였고, cut-off value에 따른 양성 예측치와 음성 예측치를 구하기 위해 2×2표를 이용하였다. 결과: 재발은 50명 (24.4%)의 환자에서 발생하였고, 원격전이는 17명(8.3%)의 환자에서 발생하였다. 재발이나 원격전이 중 어느 한 가지라도 있는 환자는 52명(25.4%)이었다. ROC 곡선 아래부분의 면적을 통해 알아본 Tg-RAI, Tg-on, Tg-off 검사의 정확도는 서로 비슷하게 높았다. 재발에 대한 혈청 갑상선글로불린치의 cut-off value는 Tg-RAl가 11.8, Tg-on이 1.4,Tg-off가 3.3ng/mL였다. 이때의 민감도는 각각 85.4,82.2, 93.3%였고, 특이도는 각각 89.2, 92.4, 88.0%였으며, 양성 예측치는 각각 71.9, 77.1, 70.0%였고, 음성 예측치는 95.0, 94.4, 97.8%였다. 원격전이에 대한혈청 갑상선글로불린치의 cut-off value는 Tg-RAl가27.4, Tg-on이 2.5, Tg-off가 7.9 ng/mL였다. 이때의민감도는 각각 86.7, 87.5, 92.3%였고, 특이도는 각각86.2, 90.8, 80.2%였으며, 양성 예측치는 각각 34.2,46.7, 25.0%였고, 음성 예측치는 각각 98.7, 98.8,99.3% 였다. 결론: 혈청 갑상선글로불린치는 분화된 갑상선암의 재발이나 원격전이를 예측하는 데 있어 민감도와 특이도가 비교적 높은 검사이나, 음성 예측치가 높은 것에 비해 양성 예측치가 낮은 단점이 있었다. 또한 Tg-on은 Tg-off에 비해 양성 예측치는 높았으나, 음성 예측치는 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 Tg-on이 cut-off value보다 높게 측정되는 경우에는 반드시 전신스캔 등 재발이나 원격전이 여부에 대한 추가적인 검사를 시행하고, Tg-on이 cut-off value보다 낮게 측정되더라도 가능하면 선별검사로서 Tg-off나 recombinant human TSH 자극 후의 혈청 갑상선글로불린치를 주기적으로 측정해야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Reports on serum thyroglobulin(Tg) levels being used to predict recurrence or distant metastasis during the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyrod cancer(DTC) has been inconsistent. In addition, there have been few reports that attempt to define the cut-off value of Tg for recurrence or distant metastasis obtained by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. As well, there are differences in opinions on what the value should be on the first serum Tg level measured just before radioactive iodine(RAI) ablation(Tg-RAI), during thyroxine administration (Tg-on), and after thyroxine withdrawal (Tg-off) during the follow-up. Reports on the positive predictive values(PPVs) and negative predictive values(NPYs) of these Tg values are rare. Methods: A total of 205 patients (42 males, 163 females) with DTC were studied. All patients had undergone total or near-total thyroidectomy. After surgery and RAI ablation, annual thyroxine withdrawal 131I-whole body scan (WBS) with Tg measurements was performed. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.0 (1.4~7.4) years. The most sensitive and specific Tg values)cut-off values) for tumor recurrence and/or distant metastasis were selected by using ROC curves. We also calculated the PPVs and NPVs for rcurrence and/or distant metastasis using two-by-two tables. Results: Cut-off values of Tg-RAI, Tg-on, and Tg-off for recurrence were 11.8, 1.4, and 3.3 ng/mL, respectively. For these values, the sensitivities were 85.4, 82.2, and 93.3%, with the specificities at 89.2, 92.4, and 88.0%. PPVs were 71.9, 77.1, and 77.0% while NPVs were 95.0, 94,4, and 97.8%. The cut-off values for distant metastasis were 27.4, 2.5, and 7.9ng/mL, respectively. For these cut-off values, the sensitivities were 86.7, 87.5, and 92.3%, with the specificities being 86.2, 90.8, and 80.2%. PPVs were 34.2, 46.7, and 25.0% and NPVs were 98.7, 98.8, and 99.3%. Conclusion: All three serum Tg levels were sensitive and specific markers for recurrence and distant metastasis. Their PPVs were low in contrast to the high NPVs. In comparison with Tg-on, Tg-off showed higher sensitivity and NPV as well as lower specificity and PPV. Therefore, in the case of higher Tg-on during the follow-up period, efforts to find recurrence and distant metastasis,such as 131I-WBS, should be done. In addition, regular measurement of Tg-off or Tg after stimulation with recombinant human TSH is recommended as a screening test (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:153-165, 2003).

활석을 이용한 사포나이트의 수열합성

배인국,장영남,채수천,류경원,최상훈 한국광물학회 2003 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.16 No.2

삼팔면체형의 스멕타이트계 사포나이트(saponite)를 천연 광물질인 활석을 이용하여 수열법에 의해 합성하였다. 출발물질은 활석에 Na₂CO₃를 첨가하여 공기중에서 800℃로 가열한 후, 화학양론적 조성에 맞게 Al(No₃)₃·9H₂O 및 Mg(No₃)₂·6H₂O 금속염 수용액을 첨가하였고, pH는 7∼12 범위 내로 NH₄OH 수용액에 의해 조절하여 제조하였다. 수열반응 조건은 약 1리터의 수열반응 용기에서 230 ℃, 압력은 25∼75 kgf/㎠의 범위 내에서 10∼60시간이었다. 실험결과, 반응온도 및 회전속도를 230℃와 180 rpm으로 고정시킨 수열조건 하에서 반응시간, 반응압력, pH 조건을 각각 40시간, 25 kgf/㎠, 약 10으로 하였을 때, 그리고, 화학조성을 화학양론적 조성에 필요한 Na₂O의 양보다 200% 과량 추가하였을 때, 양호한 사포나이트가 합성되었다. 또한 압력을 75 kgf/㎠까지 증가시켜도 결정도에 미치는 영향은 미미하였으며, 반응시간이 길수록 더 좋은 결정도를 나타냈다. Saponite was synthesized from talc by hydrothermal method. The starting material was prepared by adding Al(N0₃)₃·9H₂0 and Mg(N₃)₂·6H₂O solution to the talc powder, which was previously activated in air at 800℃ together with Na₂C0₃. The alkalinity of the solution was controlled by NH₄0H solution. The autoclaving was carried out in the closed stainless steel vessel (about 1 liter) for 40 hours under the pressure of 25 ㎏f/㎠ at 230℃. The characterization of the reaction product shows that saponite was crystallized successfully. After the experimental results, pressure was not sensitive parameter in the range of 25-75 ㎏f/㎠, but longer reaction time results in better crystallinity.

Risperidone이 백서의 억제된 자발적 교대행동에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,김진규,정홍경,천강훈,류정환,최영민,전성일 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objectives : Recently, some case reports have shown that risperidone is effective to refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Possible explanations for efficacy of risperidone in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder maybe due to that it is both serolonin and dopamine receptor antagonist. On the basis of serotonin-dopamine interaction hypothesis, a biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of risperidone was evaluated to the suppressed spontaneous alternation behaviour of animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Methods : The apparatus for spontaneous alternation behaviour was a black plexiglas T-maze with distinctive black and white goal boxes. Black gullotine doors separated the start box and the goal boxes from the main body of the T-maze Small cups were placed in the corners of both goal boxes(all arms measured 50×10cm) 24 hours prior to experiment, rats(Spraque-Dawley) were food-deprived. The food-deprived rats were put into T-maze, in which both goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for checked. After baseline of the number of choices of spontaneous alternation behaviour was stabilized, the pontaneous alternation disrupted by nonselective 5-HT agonist, 5-MeODMT (1.25mg/kg/IP). The experimental animals were stratified into 5 groups, fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), risperidone(0.1mg/Kg/IP), haloperidol(0.1㎎/Kg/IP), fluoxetine(10mg/Kg) with haloperidol(0.1 mg/Kg), and saline(0.5cc/IP) control group. Each drugs were injected for 21 days as a chronic treatment. The protective effects were evaluated on the nest day of discontinuation of the each drugs among 5 groups. Results : 1) After 21 days of the drug treatment, the risperidone group and the fluoxetine group showed significant difference from the haloperidol group and the saline control group on the protection of the 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) The fluoxetine group and fluoxetine with haloperidol group showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. The risperidone group also showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour, but the protective effect of risperidone was superior to fluoxetine. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both risperidone and fluoxetine have a favorable effect in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We think that risperidone can be possible alternatives to SSRIs in the treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder in clinical situation.

The presence of monoglucosylated N196-glycan is important for the structural stability of storage protein, arylphorin.

Ryu, Kyoung-Seok,Lee, Jie-Oh,Kwon, Taek Hun,Choi, Han-Ho,Park, Hong-Seog,Hwang, Soo Kyung,Lee, Zee-Won,Lee, Kyung-Bok,Han, Young Hyun,Choi, Yun-Seok,Jeon, Young Ho,Cheong, Chaejoon,Kim, Soohyun Biochemical Society 2009 Biochemical journal Vol.421 No.1

<P>Although N-glycosylation has been known to increase the stability of glycoproteins, it is difficult to assess the structural importance of glycans in the stabilization of glycoproteins. APA (Antheraea pernyi arylphorin) is an insect hexamerin that has two N-glycosylations at Asn196 and Asn344 respectively. The glycosylation of Asn344 is critical for the folding process; however, glycosylation of Asn196 is not. Interestingly, the N196-glycan (glycosylation of Asn196) remains in an immature form (Glc1Man9GlcNAc2). The mutation of Asn196 to glutamine does not change the ecdysone-binding activity relative to that of the wild-type. In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of APA, and all sugar moieties of the N196-glycan were clearly observed in the electron-density map. Although the sugar moieties of the glycan generally have high structural flexibility, most sugar moieties of the N196-glycan were well organized in the deep cleft of the subunit interface and mediated many inter- and intrasubunit hydrogen bonds. Analytical ultracentrifugation and GdmCl (guanidinium chloride) unfolding experiments revealed that the presence of the N196-glycan was important for stabilizing the hexameric state and overall stability of APA respectively. Our results could provide a structural basis for studying not only other glycoproteins that carry an immature N-glycan, but also the structural role of N-glycans that are located in the deep cleft of a protein.</P>

Downy Mildew of Astragalus membranaceous Burge Caused by Peronospora trifoliorum de Bary

Ryu, Kyoung-Yul,Kim, Jeom-Soon,Hahm, Young-Il The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2001 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.17 No.5

A severe down mildew of Astragalus membranaceus occurred in Gangwon province in 1999 and 2000. Symptoms developed on young leaves and shoots, showing grayish white mycelium on the lower leaves. The infected plants had reduced internodes and twisted leaflets when the disease was severe. Peronospora trifoliorum was identified as the causal agent of the disease based on mycological characteristics. Pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed by artificial inoculation. This is the first record of downy mildew on astrgal plant caused by Peronospora trifoliorum in Korea.

Targeted inactivation of calbindin-D9k in mouse

Young-Han RYU,Joo-Hyung KANG,Kun Yeong LEE,Jae-Hoon CHOI,Sun Ja CHO,Eun-Young KIM,Seung Phil PARK,Eun-Kyoung KIM,Hye Jin KIM,Yun Jeoung SEO,Sung Kyu PARK,Eui-Bae JEUNG,Goo Taeg OH 한국실험동물학회 2004 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Metformin Inhibits the Development of l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Murine Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Ryu, Young-Kyoung,Park, Hye-Yeon,Go, Jun,Choi, Dong-Hee,Kim, Yong-Hoon,Hwang, Jung Hwan,Noh, Jung-Ran,Lee, Tae Geol,Lee, Chul-Ho,Kim, Kyoung-Shim Springer-Verlag 2018 Molecular Neurobiology Vol.55 No.7

Enhanced Thermal Stability of Endoglucanase GH5 via N-terminus Protein Fusion

Young Ha RYU,So-Young JUN,Ki Baek YEO,Ki Ha MIN,Eui Kyoung JANG,Mi Ran KI,Yeon Joon KIM,Seung Pil PACK 한국생물공학회 2014 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.10